Satani— Munhu Wokungofungidzira Here Kana Kuti Munhu Chaiye Akaipa?

VANHU vanofunga kubva kare kare vaingonetseka nokuti uipi hwakabva kupi. A Dictionary of the Bible rakanyorwa naJames Hastings rinoti: “Vanhu pavakapengenuka vakaona vatarisana nemasimba avakanga vasingagoni kudzora, uye aikuvadza kana kuparadza.” Bhuku rimwe chete iroro rinoti: “Vanhu vokutanga vakangoerekana vototsvaka zvakakonzera, vakadudzira masimba iwayo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa zvavaiona vachizviti vanhu vakangofanana navo.”

Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, kutenda kuvapo kwavanamwari vemadhimoni nemidzimu yakaipa kunogona kurondwa kudzokera shure kusvika pamavambo enhoroondo yeMesopotamia. VaBhabhironi vekare vaitenda kuti nyikadzimu kana kuti “kunyika isingadzokwi,” yaitongwa naNegari, mwari anoda zvokurwa aizivikanwa se“anopisa.” Vaityawo madhimoni, ayo vaiedza kufadza nokuteketera. Mungano dzokuIjipiti, Set ndiye aiva mwari wezvakaipa, “airatidzwa seakaita semhuka inotyisa ine mhuno yakatesva yakakombamira, nzeve dzine makona uye muswe wakaita seforogo.”—Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.

Kunyange zvazvo vaGiriki nevaRoma vaiva navanamwari vaida kuita zvakanaka uyewo zvoutsinye, vakanga vasina mwari wezvakaipa zvoga zvoga. Vazivi vavo vaidzidzisa pfungwa mbiri dzinopikisana. Empedocles aiti pfungwa mbiri idzodzo Rudo noKusawirirana. Plato aiti nyika ine “Mweya” miviri, mumwe unokonzera zvinhu zvakanaka mumwe zvakaipa. Sezvinotaura Georges Minois mubhuku rake rinonzi Le Diable (Dhiyabhorosi), “chitendero chevoruzhinji vechihedheni [Greco-Roman] chaisamboziva nezvaDhiyabhorosi.”

KuIran, chitendero chaZoroaster chaidzidzisa kuti mwari mukuru Ahura Mazda, kana kuti Ormazd, akasika Angra Mainyu, kana kuti Ahriman, akasarudza kuita zvakaipa ndokupedzisira ava Mudzimu Unoparadza, kana kuti Muparadzi.

Muchitendero chechiJudha, Satani aitsanangurwa zviri nyore soMuvengi waMwari akaunza chivi. Asi pashure pemazana emakore akawanda, izvozvo zvakazoshatiswa nepfungwa dzechihedheni. Encyclopaedia Judaica inoti: “Kuchinja kukuru kwakanga kwaitika . . . mumazana emakore okupedzisira B.C.E. Panguva iyi chitendero che[chiJudha] . . . chakava nemaitiro epfungwa mbiri dzinopikisana umo masimba ezvakanaka nechokwadi airwisana naMwari mudenga nepasi pano kuburikidza nemasimba ezvakaipa neounyengeri. Kunenge kuti izvi zvakakonzerwa nechitendero chokuPersia.”  The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia inoti: “Kudzivirirwa [pamadhimoni] kwaiitwa nokuchengeta mitemo uye nokushandisa mazango.”

Chitendero chevaKristu Vakaramba Kutenda

ChiJudha zvachakatora pfungwa dzisiri muBhaibheri pamusoro paSatani nemadhimoni, vaKristu vakaramba kutenda vakakudziridzawo pfungwa dzisiri mumagwaro. The Anchor Bible Dictionary rinoti: “Imwe yepfungwa huru dzechitendero chekare ndeyokuti Mwari akadzikinura vanhu vake nokubhadhara Satani kuti vasunungurwe.” Iyi pfungwa yakataurwa naIrenaeus (muzana remakore rechipiri C.E.). Yakazotaurwazve naOrigen (muzana remakore rechitatu C.E.), uyo akataura kuti “dhiyabhorosi akanga ane kodzero yokuva muridzi wevanhu vose” uye aiti “rufu rwaKristu . . . rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna dhiyabhorosi.”—History of Dogma, rakanyorwa naAdolf Harnack.

Maererano neThe Catholic Encyclopedia “[pfungwa yokuti rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna Dhiyabhorosi] yaiva huru munhoroondo yechitendero kweanenge makore chiuru,” uye yakaramba iri pakati pedzidziso yechechi. Mamwe Madzibaba eChechi, kusanganisira Augustine (womuzana remakore rechina nerechishanu C.E.), akatora pfungwa yokuti rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna Satani. Pakupedzisira, pakazosvika zana remakore rechi12 C.E., vafundisi vechiKaturike Anselm naAbelard vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chibayiro chaKristu chakapiwa kuna Mwari kwete kuna Satani.

Mashiripiti Omunguva yeMiddle Ages

Kunyange zvazvo matare eChechi yeKaturike akawanda akaramba akanyarara zvinoshamisa panhau yaSatani, muna 1215 C.E., Dare Rechina reLateran rakataura zvakagumisira zvanzi “kuzivisa chitendero kwakasimba” neNew Catholic Encyclopedia. Chiziviso chokutanga chinoti: “Dhiyabhorosi nemamwe madhimoni vakasikwa vakanaka naMwari, asi nezviito zvavo vakava vakaipa.” Chinowedzera kuti vanoshanda nesimba vachiedza vanhu. Munguva yeMiddle Ages vanhu vazhinji vainetseka neiyi pfungwa yechipiri. Satani ndiye aikonzera chinhu chose chaiita sechisiri mugwara, zvakadai sokurwara kusina tsananguro, kungoerekana munhu afa, kana kuti zvirimwa zvisina kusvika. Muna 1233 C.E., Pope Gregory IX akapa mitemo inoverengeka yakaiswa chidhindo yokutonga vaidzidzisa zvisingapindirani nechechi, kusanganisira mumwe waitonga vaLuciferian, vaifungidzirwa kuva vanamati vaDhiyabhorosi.

Kutenda kwokuti vanhu vaigona kusvikirwa naDhiyabhorosi kana kuti madhimoni ake nokukurumidza kwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatye—kuvhunduka uroyi. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi13 kusvika kune rechi17, kutya varoyi kwakapararira muEurope yose kukasvitswa kuNorth America nevanhu vokuEurope vainopamba dzimwe nyika. Kunyange Martin Luther naJohn Calvin, avo vakachinja kuva maPurotestendi, vakabvumira kuvhimwa kwevaroyi. MuEurope kubvunzurudzwa kwevaroyi kwaingovakirwa parunyerekupe kana kuti utsinye kwaiitwa neDare reRoma Katurike uye nematare enyika. Kurwadzisa kwaiwanzoshandiswa kuita kuti munhu areurure kuti ane “mhosva.”

Vaya vaionekwa vane mhosva vaigona kutongerwa rufu zvimwe nokupiswa kana kuti, kana kuri kuEngland neScotland, kuurayiwa vachiita zvokudzipwa netambo. Kana iri nhamba yevakaurayiwa, The World Book Encyclopedia inoti: Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kubva muna 1484  kusvika muna 1782 chechi yechiKristu yakauraya vakadzi vanenge 300 000 nokuti vaiva varoyi.” Kana Satani ari iye akakonzera iyi nhamo yomuMiddle Ages, aishandisa vanaani—vakaurayiwa vacho here kana kuti vanyanyisi vaivatambudza vacho muzita rechechi?

Kutenda Kana Kuti Kusatenda Kwazvino

Zana remakore rechi18 rakaona kutanga nokukura kwepfungwa yokunzwisisa, inonzi Kujekerwa. Encyclopædia Britannica inoti: “Pfungwa uye dzidziso yokuJekerwa yakaedza kubvisa chinhu chinonzi dhiyabhorosi mundangariro dzevaKristu sechibereko chokufungidzira kwengano kwomuMiddle Ages.” Chechi yeRoma Katurike haina kuzvifarira saka yakasimbisazve kudavira kwayo muna Satani Dhiyabhorosi paDare reVatican Rokutanga (1869-70), ichidzokororazve rudaviro rwayo nokutya paDare reVatican Rechipiri (1962-65).

Sokubvuma kunoita New Catholic Encyclopedia, zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti “Chechi inodavira zvizere kuti ngirozi nemadhimoni zviriko.” Zvisinei, duramanzwi rechiFrench reKaturike rinonzi Théo rinobvuma kuti “vaKristu vakawanda nhasi vanoramba kuti dhiyabhorosi ndiye anokonzera uipi huri munyika.” Mumakore achangobva kupera vafundisi vechiKaturike vave vari parumananzombe, vachinyatsochenjerera pakati pedzidziso chaidzo dzeChikaturike nokufunga kwazvino uno. Encyclopædia Britannica inoti: “Dzidziso yevaKristu Vakasununguka inenge inotora mutauro weBhaibheri pamusoro paSatani so‘kufananidzira’ kwete kuti utorwe sezvauri—sokunge kuti kuedza kutaura zvinhu zviripo noukuru hwouipi huri munyika uchishandisa ngano.” NezvevaPurotesitendi, bhuku iroro rinoti: “ChiPurotesitendi chakasununguka chemazuva ano chinenge chisina basa nokudavira muna dhiyabhorosi chaiye.” Asi vaKristu vechokwadi vanofanira kufunga kuti zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri pamusoro paSatani kunongova kufananidzira here?”

Zvinodzidziswa neMagwaro

Uzivi nedzidziso zvevanhu hazvina kupa tsananguro inogutsa yokuti uipi hwakabva kupi kupfuura inopiwa neBhaibheri. Zvinotaurwa neMagwaro nezvaSatani zvinokosha kuti tinzwisise kwakabva uipi nokutambura kwevanhu, uye kuti nei chisimba chakaipa kupfuura zvingafungidzirwa chichiramba chichiwedzera gore negore.

Vamwe vangabvunza kuti: ‘Kana Mwari ari Musiki akanaka ane rudo nei akaita chisikwa chomudzimu chakaipa kudaro chinonzi Satani?’ Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti mabasa ose aJehovha Mwari akakwana uye kuti zvisikwa zvake zvose zvakangwara zvakapiwa simba rokuzvisarudzira. (Dheuteronomio 30:19; 32:4; Joshua 24:15; 1 Madzimambo 18:21) Saka munhu womudzimu akazova  Satani anofanira kuva akasikwa akakwana uye anofanira kuva akazotsauka panzira yechokwadi nokururama nokuzvidira.—Johani 8:44; Jakobho 1:14, 15.

Kupanduka kwaSatani kwakafanana munzira dzakawanda nokupanduka kwa“mambo weTire” uyo akarondedzerwa se“akakwana pakunaka” uye ‘asina mhosva munzira dzake kubvira pazuva raakasikwa kusvikira kusarurama kwawanikwa maari.’ (Ezekieri 28:11-19) Satani haana kukwikwidza kuva changamire kwaJehovha kana kuti kuva Musiki kwake. Aigona kudaro sei, iye akatosikwa naiye Mwari wacho? Zvisinei, Satani akanga asingagutsikani nokutonga kwaiita Jehovha. Mubindu reEdheni, matauriro aSatani akaratidza kuti aiti Mwari akanga achinyima vanhu vaviri vokutanga chimwe chinhu chavaiva nekodzero yacho uye chaizoita kuti vagare zvakanaka. (Genesi 3:1-5) Akabudirira kuita kuti Adhamu naEvha vapandukire kutonga kwakarurama kwaJehovha ndokuunza chivi norufu pavari nevana vavo. (Genesi 3:6-19; VaRoma 5:12) Saka Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti Satani ndiye anokonzera kutambura kwevanhu.

Pane imwe nguva Mafashamo asati aitika, dzimwe ngirozi dzakabatana naSatani mukupanduka kwake. Dzakatora miviri yevanhu kuti dzigutse zvido zvadzo zvokurara nevanasikana vevanhu. (Genesi 6:1-4) Panguva yeMafashamo, ngirozi dzakapanduka idzi dzakadzokera kunzvimbo yadzo yomudzimu asi kwete “nzvimbo yadzo yepakutanga” kuna Mwari kudenga. (Judha 6) Dzakaderedzwa dzichipinzwa murima guru romudzimu. (1 Petro 3:19, 20; 2 Petro 2:4) Dzakava madhimoni, dzisisiri pasi poudzori hwaJehovha asi dzava kudzorwa naSatani. Sezviri pachena, kunyange zvazvo asingachagoni kuvazve vanhu, madhimoni anogona kushandisa simba guru papfungwa noupenyu hwevanhu, uye hapana mubvunzo kuti ndiwo anokonzera chisimba chakawanda chatiri kuona nhasi.—Mateu 12:43-45; Ruka 8:27-33.

Kuguma Kwokutonga kwaSatani Kwava Pedyo

Zviri pachena kuti masimba akaipa ari kushanda munyika nhasi. Muapostora Johani akanyora kuti: “Nyika yose iri musimba rewakaipa.”—1 Johani 5:19.

Zvisinei, uprofita hwakazadzika hunoratidza kuti Dhiyabhorosi ari kuwedzera nhamo dzenyika nokuti anoziva kuti anongova ne“nguva pfupi” yasara yokukonzera zvakaipa asati apfigirwa. (Zvakazarurwa 12:7-12; 20:1-3) Kuguma kwokutonga kwaSatani kuchaunza nyika itsva yakarurama, inenge ‘isina’ misodzi, rufu, uye kurwadziwa. Ipapo, kuda kwaMwari ‘kuchaitwa panyika sezvakunoitwa kudenga.’—Zvakazarurwa 21:1-4; Mateu 6:10, Bhaibheri Dzvene Testamende Itsva.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 4]

VaBhabhironi vaidavira muna Negari (ari kwokutangisisa kuruboshwe,) mwari ane chisimba; Plato (ari kuruboshwe) aidavira kuvapo kwe“Mweya” inopikisana

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Cylinder: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Plato: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 5]

Irenaeus, Origen, naAugustine vakadzidzisa kuti rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa kuna Dhiyabhorosi

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Origen: Culver Pictures; Augustine: Kubva mubhuku rinonzi Great Men and Famous Women

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Kutya varoyi kwakaita kuti mazana ezviuru zvevanhu aurayiwe

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi Bildersaal deutscher Geschichte