Nhoroondo yaNoa—Ine Zvainoreva Kwatiri Here?

PAAKANGA achipa uprofita hwechiratidzo chokuvapo kwake nechokuguma kwenyika, Jesu akati: “Sezvakanga zvakaita mazuva aNoa, ndizvo zvichaita kuvapo kwoMwanakomana womunhu.” (Mateu 24:3, 37) Zvakajeka kuti Jesu akafanotaura kuti zviri kuitika muzuva redu zvakafanana nezvomunguva yaNoa. Nhoroondo yakavimbika uye yakarurama yezviitiko zvomuzuva raNoa ingaratidza kuva pfuma inokosha.

Nhoroondo yaNoa ipfuma yakadaro here? Ine uchapupu hwokuti igwaro rekare rechokwadi here? Tinganyatsoziva kuti Mafashamo akaitika rini here?

Mafashamo Akaitika Rini?

Bhaibheri rinopa mashoko akarongwa maererano nokutevedzana kwenguva yakaitika zvinhu anoita kuti zvibvire kunyatsoverenga nguva tichidzoka shure kusvikira panotangira nhoroondo yevanhu. Pana Genesi 5:1-29, tinowana mutsara wedzinza kubva pakusikwa kwomunhu wokutanga, Adhamu, kusvika pakuberekwa kwaNoa. Boporodzi rakatanga “pagore ramazana matanhatu roupenyu hwaNoa.”—Genesi 7:11.

Kuti tizive nguva yeMafashamo, tinoda kutanga nomusi unokosha. Kureva kuti, tinofanira kutanga nomusi unogamuchirwa munhau yenyika uye unoenderana nechimwe chiitiko chakanyorwa muBhaibheri. Kubva panguva inokosha iyoyo, tinogona kuverenga ndokuratidza musi wakaitika Mafashamo maererano nekarenda yaGregory yava kushandiswa zvikuru mazuva ano.

Mumwe musi unokosha ndi539 B.C.E., gore apo Mambo Koreshi wePersia akakunda Bhabhironi. Mabhuku enyika enguva yokutonga kwake anosanganisira mahwendefa eBhabhironi uye magwaro aDiodorus, Africanus, Eusebius, naPtolemy. Nokuda kwomurayiro wakabudiswa naKoreshi, vakasara vechiJudha vakabva muBhabhironi ndokusvika kunyika yokumusha kwavo muna 537 B.C.E. Izvozvo zvakatara kuguma kwemakore 70 okuva dongo kweJudha kwakanga kwatanga muna 607 B.C.E, maererano nenhoroondo yeBhaibheri. Nokubatanidza nguva yevatongi uye kutonga kwemadzimambo eIsraeri, tinogona kuziva kuti Kubuda kwevaIsraeri muIjipiti kwakaitika muna 1513 B.C.E. Kuverenga nguva kweBhaibheri kunotidzorera shure mamwe makore 430 pakaitwa sungano naAbrahamu muna 1943 B.C.E. Zvadaro tinofanira kuyeuka kuberekwa uye urefu hwoupenyu hwaTera, Nahori, Serugu, Reu, Peregi, Ebheri, naShera, uyewo Apakishadhi, uyo akaberekwa “mvura zhinji yapfuura makore maviri.” (Genesi 11:10-32) Saka tinogona kuti Mafashamo akatanga mugore ra2370 B.C.E. *

Mvura yeMafashamo Inonaya

Tisati taongorora zvakaitika muzuva raNoa, ungada kuverenga Genesi chitsauko 7 ndima 11 kusvika kuchitsauko 8 ndima 4. Nezvedzvotsvotsvo remvura, tinoudzwa kuti: “Pagore ramazana matanhatu roupenyu hwaNoa [2370 B.C.E.], nomwedzi wechipiri, nezuva regumi namanomwe romwedzi, nezuva irero matsime ose apakadzika-dzika akadziurwa, namahwindi edenga akazarurwa.”—Genesi 7:11.

Noa akakamura gore racho kuva mwedzi 12  yemazuva 30 mumwe nomumwe. Kare, mwedzi wokutanga waitangira panenge pakati pomwedzi wekarenda yedu waSeptember. Mvura yemafashamo yakatanga kunaya “mwedzi wechipiri, nezuva regumi namanomwe romwedzi” ndokuramba ichinaya kwemazuva 40 nousiku 40 mumwedzi yaNovember naDecember 2370 B.C.E.

NezveBoporodzi, tinoudzwawo kuti: “Mvura ikaramba yakakwirira panyika mazuva ane zana namakumi mashanu. . . . Mvura ikaramba ichidzoka panyika; mazuva ane zana namakumi mashanu akati apfuura, mvura ikaderera. Nomwedzi wechinomwe, nezuva regumi namanomwe romwedzi, areka ikamira pamusoro pamakomo eArarati.” (Genesi 7:24–8:4) Saka nguva kubvira pakazara mvura pasi pose kusvika panguva payakaderera aiva mazuva 150, kana kuti mwedzi mishanu. Saka areka yakasvika pakumira pamusoro pemakomo eArarati muna April 2369 B.C.E.

Zvino ungada kuverenga Genesi 8:5-17. Misoro yemakomo yakaonekwa kweinenge mwedzi miviri nehafu (mazuva 73) gare gare, “nomwedzi wegumi [June], nezuva rokutanga romwedzi.” (Genesi 8:5) * Mwedzi mitatu (mazuva 90) gare gare—“pagore ramazana matanhatu nerimwe [raNoa], pamwedzi wokutanga, nomusi wokutanga womwedzi,” kana kuti pakati paSeptember, 2369 B.C.E.—Noa akabvisa denga reareka. Ipapo aigona kuona kuti ‘pasi pose pakanga paoma.’ (Genesi 8:13) Mwedzi mumwe nemazuva 27 (mazuva 57) gare gare, “nomwedzi wechipiri, nezuva ramakumi maviri namanomwe romwedzi [pakati paNovember, 2369 B.C.E.], nyika yakanga yaoma.” Ipapo Noa nemhuri yake vakabuda muareka vachienda panyika yakaoma. Nokudaro, Noa nevamwe vakapedza gore rimwe nemazuva gumi (mazuva 370) vari muareka.—Genesi 8:14.

Nhoroondo idzi dzakarurama dzinosanganisira zviitiko, mashoko akadzama, uye nguva dzinoratidzei? Izvi chete: Muprofita wechiHebheru Mosesi, uyo sezviri pachena akanyora  Genesi maererano nenhoroondo dzakanyorwa dzaakanga agamuchira, akanga achitaura chokwadi, kwete nyaya yokufungidzira. Naizvozvo Boporodzi rinokosha zvikuru kwatiri nhasi.

Vamwe Vanyori veBhaibheri Vakaona Sei Mafashamo?

Kuwedzera kunhoroondo yaGenesi, pane ndima dzakawanda dzinotaura nezvaNoa kana kuti Boporodzi muBhaibheri. Somuenzaniso:

(1) Muongorori Ezra akabatanidza Noa nevanakomana vake (Shemi, Hami, naJafeti) mumutsara wedzinza rorudzi rwaIsraeri.—1 Makoronike 1:4-17.

(2) Chiremba uye munyori weEvhangeri Ruka anobatanidza Noa pakunyora madzitateguru aJesu Kristu.—Ruka 3:36.

(3) Muapostora Petro anotaura kakawanda nezvenhoroondo yeMafashamo pakunyorera vaKristu vaainamata navo.—2 Petro 2:5; 3:5, 6.

(4) Muapostora Pauro anotaura nezvokutenda kukuru kwakaratidzwa naNoa pakuvaka areka kuti mhuri yake ipone.—VaHebheru 11:7.

Pangava nomubvunzo here kana vanyori veBhaibheri ava vakafuridzirwa vaibvuma nhoroondo yaGenesi yeMafashamo? Hapana mubvunzo kuti vaiiona sechiitiko chechokwadi.

Jesu neMafashamo

Jesu Kristu akamborarama asati ava munhu. (Zvirevo 8:30, 31) Aiva chisikwa chomudzimu mudenga panguva yeMafashamo. Naizvozvo sechapupu chakaona, Jesu anotisimbisira zvikuru neMagwaro nezvaNoa neBoporodzi. Jesu akati: “Sezvakanga zvakaita mazuva aNoa, ndizvo zvichaita kuvapo kwoMwanakomana  womunhu. Nokuti sezvavakanga vakaita mumazuva iwayo mafashamo asati auya, vakanga vachidya vachinwa, varume vachiroora nevakadzi vachiroorwa, kusvikira zuva rakapinda Noa muareka; uye havana kuziva kusvikira mafashamo auya akavakukura vose, ndizvo zvichaita kuvapo kwoMwanakomana womunhu.”—Mateu 24:37-39.

Jesu aizoshandisa ngano kutinyevera nezvokuuya kwomugumo wenyika ino here? Kana! Tine chokwadi chokuti akashandisa muenzaniso chaiwo wokutonga kwaMwari vanhu vakaipa. Hungu, vanhu vakawanda vakafa, asi tinogona kuwana nyaradzo kubva pakuziva kuti Noa nemhuri yake vakaponeswa muMafashamo.

“Mazuva aNoa” anokosha zvikuru kune vaya vari kurarama nhasi, panguva yo“kuvapo kwoMwanakomana womunhu,” Jesu Kristu. Sezvatinoverenga nhoroondo ine mashoko akawanda yeMafashamo akaitika pasi pose iri muchinyorwa chakachengetwa naNoa, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti igwaro rechokwadi rekare. Uye nhoroondo yaGenesi yakafuridzirwa naMwari yeBoporodzi ine zvainoreva zvikuru kwatiri. Sezvo Noa, vanakomana vake, nevadzimai vavo vakaisa kutenda munzira yaMwari yoruponeso, nhasi isu tinogona kudzivirirwa naJehovha kana tatenda muchibayiro chaJesu chorudzikinuro. (Mateu 20:28) Uyezve, tinogona kuva netariro yokuva pakati pevachapona pamugumo wenyika ino yakaipa sezvinoratidzwa nenhoroondo yaNoa kuti iye nemhuri yake vakapona paMafashamo ayo akaparadza nyika yakanga isingadi Mwari yenguva iyoyo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]

Vakararama Nguva Yakareba Kudaro Here?

“MAZUVA ose aNoa akanga ari mazana mapfumbamwe namakumi mashanu, akafa,” rinodaro Bhaibheri. (Genesi 9:29) Sekuru vaNoa Metusara vakararama kwemakore 969—nguva yakareba kudarika dzose munhoroondo yevanhu. Urefu hwoupenyu hwezvizvarwa gumi kubva kuna Adhamu kusvika kuna Noa paavhareji hwaipfuura makore 850. (Genesi 5:5-31) Vanhu kare ikako vairarama kwenguva yakareba kudaro here?

Chinangwa chaMwari chepakuvamba chaiva chokuti munhu anofanira kurarama nokusingaperi. Munhu wokutanga, Adhamu, akasikwa ane mukana wokurarama nokusingaperi kana akanga achiteerera Mwari. (Genesi 2:15-17) Asi Adhamu haana kuteerera uye akarasikirwa nomukana wacho. Pashure pemakore 930 aakararama, achinanga kurufu zvishoma nezvishoma, Adhamu akadzokera kuvhu kwaakanga abva. (Genesi 3:19; 5:5) Munhu wokutanga akapfuudza nhaka yechivi norufu kuvana vake vose.—VaRoma 5:12.

Zvisinei, vanhu vakararama munguva iyoyo vaiva pedyo nokukwana kwaAdhamu kwepakutanga uye zviri pachena kuti pamusana pechikonzero ichi vakararama kwenguva yakareba kudarika vaya vakazoberekwa gare gare. Saka, urefu hwoupenyu hwomunhu hwakasvika pedyo nemakore ane chiuru nguva yeMafashamo isati yasvika, hukakurumidza kuderera pashure peBoporodzi. Somuenzaniso, Abrahamu, akangorarama makore 175. (Genesi 25:7) Uye makore 400 tateguru akatendeka iyeye afa, muprofita Mosesi akanyora kuti: “Mazuva amakore edu anosvika makore makumi manomwe, kana tine simba makore makumi masere; asi kunyange achikudzwa ndiko kutambudzika nenhamo bedzi.” (Pisarema 90:10) Ndozvazvakangoita nhasi.

[Chati/Mifananidzo iri papeji 6, 7]

Tichiverenga Tichidzoka Shure Kubvira Pamurayiro waKoreshi Waibvumira vaJudha Kudzoka Kubva Muutapwa Kusvikira kuMafashamo Ezuva raNoa

537 Murayiro waKoreshi *

539 Kukundwa kweBhabhironi

naKoreshi wokuPersia

68 years

607 Makore 70 okuva dongo kweJudha anotanga

Makore 906

outarisiri

hwevatungamiriri,

vatongi, uye

madzimambo

eIsraeri

1513 Kubuda kwaIsraeri muIjipiti

430 years Makore 430 vanakomana vaIsraeri

pavaigara munyika yeIjipiti uye

muKanani (Eksodho 12:40, 41)

1943 Kusimbisa sungano yaAbrahamu

205 years

2148 Kuberekwa kwaTera

222 years

2370 Kutanga kweMafashamo

[Mashoko Omuzasi]