Tatian—Aitsigira Kutenda Here Kana Kuti Akaramba Kutenda?

RWENDO rwake rwechitatu rwoumishinari rwava kupera, muapostora Pauro akaungana nevarume vakuru veungano yaiva muEfeso. Akavaudza kuti: “Ndinoziva kuti kana ndaenda mhumhi dzinodzvinyirira dzichapinda pakati penyu uye hadzizobati boka nounyoro, uye pakati penyu imi pachamuka varume vachataura zvinhu zvakamonyana kuti vatsause vadzidzi vavatevere.”—Mabasa 20:29, 30.

Kuratidza kuti mashoko aPauro aiva echokwadi, zana remakore rechipiri C.E. rakava nguva yokuchinja uye yokuramba kutenda kwakanga kwafanotaurwa. ChiGnostic, sangano rechitendero uye rouzivi rakanga rakapararira rakasvibisa kutenda kwevamwe vatendi, chakanga chichiwedzera. VaGnostic vaidavira kuti zvinhu zvomudzimu zvakanaka uye kuti zvinhu zvose zvenyama zvakaipa. Vachifunga kuti nyama yose yakaipa, vakaramba kuroora uye kubereka, vachiti izvi zvakatangwa naSatani. Vamwe vavo vaidavira kuti sezvo zvinhu zvokumudzimu zviri izvo chete zvakanaka, zvinoita munhu nomuviri wake hazvina basa. Mafungiro iwayo akaita kuti vave nemararamiro okunyanyisa, zvichida upenyu hwokuzvinyima kana kuti upenyu hwemadiro. Kutaura kwechiGnostic kwokuti ruponeso rwakabva kuchiGnostic chisinganzwisisiki, kana kuti uzivi hwevanhu, hakuna kupa chokwadi cheShoko raMwari nzvimbo.

Vaizviti vaKristu vakaita sei nengozi yaivapo yechiGnostic? Vamwe varume vakadzidza vakapikisa dzidziso dzacho dzenhema, ukuwo vamwe vakabvumirana nadzo. Somuenzaniso, Irenaeus, kwoupenyu hwake hwose akatanga basa rokupokana dzidziso dzevakaramba kutenda. Akanga adzidziswa naPolycarp, murume akararama munguva yevaapostora. Polycarp aidzidzisa kuomerera zvakasimba padzidziso dzaJesu Kristu nevaapostora vake. Zvisinei, pasinei nokudzidziswa nomurayiridzi mumwe chete uyu, shamwari yaIrenaeus yainzi Florinus yakaguma yagamuchira dzidziso dzaValentinus, mutungamiriri ainge akakurumbira kupfuura vamwe vose wesangano revaGnostic. Iyoyo yaiva nguva yaivhiringidza zvechokwadi.

Mabhuku aTatian, munyori anozivikanwa womuzana remakore rechipiri anoratidza zvakanga zvakaita zvinhu panguva iyoyo. Tatian akanga ari murume worudzii? Akasvika sei pakuva munhu aionekwa somuKristu? Uye Tatian akaitei padzidziso dzokuramba kutenda dzevaGnostic? Mhinduro dzake dzinonakidza uye muenzaniso wake pachake zvinopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha kune vari kutsvaka chokwadi nhasi.

Kuziva “Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvisiri Zvechizvarwa Changu”

Tatian akanga ari chizvarwa chokuSyria. Nzendo dzake dzakawanda uye kuverenga kwake  zvikuru kwakaita kuti azive tsika dzechiGiriki nedzechiRoma dzezuva rake. Tatian akasvika kuRoma somukurukuri aifambira. Zvisinei, ari muRoma, pfungwa dzake dzakatsaukira kuchiKristu. Akatanga kushamwaridzana naJustin Martyr, zvichida achiva mudzidzi wake.

Munhoroondo inoratidza kuchinja kwaakaita kuenda kuchiKristu chezita, Tatian anoti: “Ndakatsvaka kuti ndingawana sei chokwadi.” Achitsanangura nhoroondo yake yokutanga kwaakaita kuverenga Magwaro, anoti: “Ndakaverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa zvisiri zvechizvarwa changu, zvaiva zvekare kwazvo zvokusagona kuenzaniswa nepfungwa dzevaGiriki, uye zvaiva zvakakwirira zvikuru zvokusagona kuenzaniswa nezvikanganiso zvaiva muzvinyorwa zvavo; uye ndakakurudzirwa kutenda izvozvi pamusana pomutauro wazvo wakajeka, kuva vepachokwadi kwevanyori vacho, kufanoziva zvichaitika mberi kwairatidzwa, kunaka kwemitemo yacho, uye kutaurwa kwehurumende yezvose zvakasikwa kuti ndeyoMunhu mumwe chete.”

Tatian haana kuzeza kukoka vaairarama navo kuti vaongorore chiKristu chomuzuva rake uye kuti vaone kusaoma kwacho uye kujeka kwacho mukusiyana nechihedheni chainge chakaoma. Tingadzidzei kubva mune zvaakanyora?

Zvaakanyora Zvinoratidzei?

Zvakanyorwa naTatian zvinomuratidza somutsigiri wokutenda, munyori anotaura achidzivirira kutenda kwake. Aiva nepfungwa dzaivenga, uye dzaipokana zvakasimba uzivi hwechihedheni. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Address to the Greeks, Tatian anosimbisa kusakosha kwechihedheni uye kuva nomusoro kwechiKristu chezita. Manyorero ake ndeokunyatsopokana sezvaanoratidza kuvenga kwaaiita zvaiitwa nevaGiriki. Somuenzaniso, achitaura nezvomuzivi anonzi Heracleitus, anoti: “Zvisinei, rufu rwakaratidza upenzi hwomurume uyu; nokuti akati arwara nehosha yokuzvimba muviri, sezvo ainge adzidza uchiremba uyewo uzivi, akazora ndove yemombe, iyo, payakaoma, yakafinyamisa nyama yomuviri wake wose, zvokuti akabvarurwa-bvarurwa, ndokubva afa.”

Tatian aikoshesa kwazvo kudavira muna Mwari mumwe chete, Musiki wezvinhu zvose. (VaHebheru 3:4) Mubhuku rake Address to the Greeks, anotaura nezvaMwari so“Mudzimu”  obva ati: “Iye oga haana mavambo, uye Iye Pachake ndiye mavambo ezvinhu zvose.” (Johani 4:24; 1 Timoti 1:17) Achiramba kushandiswa kwemifananidzo pakunamata, Tatian anonyora kuti: “Ndingataura sei kuti matanda nematombo ndivanamwari?” (1 VaKorinde 10:14) Aidavira kuti Shoko, kana kuti Logos, rakavapo sedangwe remabasa aBaba vokudenga uye pashure pacho rakashandiswa kusika zvimwe zvinhu zvose. (Johani 1:1-3; VaKorose 1:13-17) Achitaura nezvorumuko panguva yakatarwa, Tatian anoti: “Tinodavira kuti kuchavapo kumuka kwemiviri pashure pokuguma kwezvinhu zvose.” Achitaura nezvokuti nei tichifa, Tatian anonyora kuti: “Hatina kusikirwa kufa, asi tinofa nemhaka yokukanganisa kwedu. Rusununguko rwedu rwatiparadza; isu takanga takasununguka tava varanda; takatengeswa nechivi.”

Tsananguro inopiwa naTatian yemweya inovhiringidza. Anoti: “Imi vaGiriki, mweya pachawo hausi chinhu chisingafi, asi unofa. Asi zvinogoneka kuti usafe. Kana chaizvoizvo, usingazivi chokwadi, unofa, uye unoparara nomuviri, asi wozomukazve nomuviri pakupedzisira pakuguma kwenyika, uchigamuchira rufu nokurangwa nokusingaperi.” Kuti Tatian ainyatsorevei nemashoko aya hazvina kujeka. Zvingareva here kuti nepo aiomerera kudzimwe dzidziso dzakati dzeBhaibheri, aiedzawo kuramba achifarirwa nevamwe vake zvoita kuti asanganise chokwadi cheMagwaro nouzivi hwevahedheni?

Rimwe bhuku rinozivikanwa raTatian rinonzi Diatessaron, kana kuti Harmony of the Four Gospels. Tatian ndiye aiva wokutanga kupa ungano dzaiva muSyria Evhangeri mururimi rwadzo. Iri raiva bhuku raikosha kwazvo, raibatanidza Evhangeri ina kuva nhoroondo imwe chete. Raishandiswa neChechi yeSyria.

Aiva muKristu Here Kana Kuti Akaramba Kutenda?

Kunyatsoongorora zvakanyorwa naTatian kunoratidza kuti aiziva Magwaro uye aiaremekedza kwazvo. Anonyora simba raakava naro achiti: “Handina shungu yokupfuma; handiteereri zvandinoudzwa nemauto; ndinovenga ufeve; handimanikidzwi kuenda kugungwa norudo rwepfuma rusingagutswi; . . . Handina shungu dzisina musoro dzokukurumbira; . . . Zuva nderevanhu vose, uye vanhu vose vanofa, zvisinei nokuti vanorarama mumutambarakede here kana kuti muurombo.” Tatian anorayira kuti: “Ifa kunyika, uchiramba upenzi huri mairi. Rarama kuna Mwari, uye kana wamunzwisisa bvisa unhu hwako hwekare.”—Mateu 5:45; 1 VaKorinde 6:18; 1 Timoti 6:10.

Zvisinei, chimbofunga nezvebhuku rakanyorwa naTatian rakanzi On Perfection According to the Doctrine of the Savior. Mubhuku iri anoti Dhiyabhorosi ndiye akatanga zvokuroorana kwevanhu. Achitaura kuti vanhu vanenge vachizviita varanda venyika inoparara kuburikidza nokuroorana, Tatian akatsoropodza zvakasimba kuroorana.

Zvinoita sokuti munenge muna 166 C.E., pashure porufu rwaJustin Martyr, Tatian anogona kunge akatanga kana kuti akasonganira nesekete rokuzvinyima rainzi Encratites. Vateveri varo vaisimbisa kunyatsoomerera pakuzvidzora uye kudzora muviri wako. Vaiita tsika yokuzvinyima yaida kuti vasanwe waini, vasaroora, uye vasave nezvinhu.

Chidzidzo

Nei Tatian akatsauka kwazvo paMagwaro? Akava “munzwi anokanganwa” here? (Jakobho 1:23-25) Tatian akatadza kuramba ngano dzenhema ndokubatwa mumusungo wouzivi hwevanhu here? (VaKorose 2:8; 1 Timoti 4:7) Sezvo zvikanganiso zvaaitsigira zvaiva zvakakura kwazvo, tingafungidzira kuti pfungwa dzake dzimwe nguva dzaisatora zvakanaka here?

Chero zvazvaive, mabhuku aTatian nomuenzaniso wake zvinoratidza zvakanga zvakaita mamiriro ezvinhu echitendero muzuva rake. Zvinoratidza kuti uzivi hwenyika hunogona kuparadza zvakadini. Ngatiteerere yambiro yaPauro yoku“furatira kutaura kusina maturo kunoshatisa zvinhu zvitsvene nokupokanidzana kweinonzi ‘zivo’ zvenhema.”—1 Timoti 6:20.