Varume Vakaderera Vanoshandura Bhaibheri

MUNA 1835, Henry Nott, bhiridha wokuEngland, naJohn Davies wokuWales aidzidzira basa rokutengesa muchitoro, vakapedza basa guru. Pashure pokunge vashanda zvakaoma kwemakore anodarika 30, vakazopedza shanduro yeBhaibheri rose muchiTahiti. Zvinetsoi zvakasangana nevarume vaviri ava vakaderera, uye basa ravo rorudo rakaguma nei?

“Great Awakening”

Mumakore okuma1751 kusvika kuma1800, nhengo dzesangano rePurotesitendi rainzi Great Awakening [Kumutsa Kukuru], kana kungoti Awakening [Kumutsa], raiparidza munzvimbo dzomumisha uye pedyo nemigodhi nemafekitari muBritain. Vavariro yaro yaiva yokutaura neboka revanhu vanoshanda. Vaparidzi veAwakening nechido vakakurudzira kuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri.

Akatanga nesangano racho, ndiWilliam Carey weBaptist, akabatanidzwawo mukuumbwa kweLondon Missionary Society (LMS), iyo yakavapo muna 1795. LMS yakadzidzisa vanhu vaida kudzidzira mitauro yokumwe uye kushumira semamishinari munyika dzaiva muSouth Pacific. Vavariro yemamishinari aya yaiva yokuparidza Evhangeri mumutauro wevanhu veko.

Chitsuwa cheTahiti, chainge chichangobva kuwanwa, chakava munda wokutanga wemamishinari weLMS. Kana dziri nhengo dzeAwakening, zvitsuwa izvi zvaiva ‘nzvimbo dzaiva murima’ rechihedheni, minda yakanga yagadzirirwa kukohwewa.

Vanhu Vakaderera Vanobudirira Kuita Basa Rakaoma

Kuti vaunganidze goho racho, mamishinari anenge 30 ayo akanga angosarudzwa zvechimbi-chimbi uye asina kunyatsogadzirira akakwira Duff, ngarava yakanga yatengwa neLMS. Mushumo wacho unotaura nezve“vafundisi vana vakanga vazvitsaurira [vasina kunyatsodzidziswa], vavezi vatanhatu, vagadziri vaviri veshangu, mabhiridha maviri, vagadziri vemicheka vaviri, vasoni vaviri, mutengesi womuchitoro, mugadziri wezvigaro zvepamabhiza, mushandi wepamba, murimi webindu, chiremba, mupfuri wesimbi, mugadziri wemabhavhu okugezera, mugadziri wezvipfeko, mugadziri weheti, mugadziri wemachira, mugadziri wemakabhineti, madzimai mashanu, nevana vatatu.”

Zvishandiso chete zvaiva nemamishinari aya  pazvinhu zvavaiva nazvo kuti vazive mitauro yeBhaibheri yepakutanga iduramazwi raiva nechiGiriki nechiRungu uye Bhaibheri raiva neduramazwi rechiHebheru. Mumwedzi minomwe yaaiva mugungwa, mamishinari acho akadzidzira nomusoro mamwe mashoko echiTahiti akanga anyorwa nevakanga vamboshanya ikoko, zvikurukuru evapanduki vengarava yeBounty. Pakupedzisira, Duff yakasvika kuTahiti, uye musi waMarch 7, 1797, mamishinari akaburuka mungarava. Zvisinei, pakazopera gore vakawanda vavo vakanga vaora mwoyo uye vabva ikoko. Mamishinari manomwe ndiwo chete akasara.

Pavanomwe ivavo, Henry Nott, aichimbova bhiridha, aiva nemakore 23 chete. Kubva mutsamba dzaakatanga kunyora, zvinoratidza kuti akanga asina kunyanya kudzidza. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubvira pakutanga akaratidza kuti aiva nechipo chokudzidza mutauro wechiTahiti. Akarondedzerwa somunhu wemwoyo wose, akasununguka, uye akanaka.

Muna 1801, Nott akasarudzwa kudzidzisa chiTahiti mamishinari mapfumbamwe akanga achangosvika. Pakati pawo paiva nomumwe wechizvarwa chokuWales ainzi John Davies aiva nemakore 28, uyo akaratidza kuti aiva mudzidzi aikwanisa uye munhu aishanda nesimba aiva nounhu hunyoro uye hwomutsa. Pasina nguva refu, varume vaviri ava vakasarudza kushandurira Bhaibheri muchiTahiti.

Basa Rakaoma

Zvisinei, basa rokushandura chiTahiti, rainge rakaoma nokuti chiTahiti chakanga chisati chava mutauro wakanyorwa. Mamishinari acho aifanira kudzidzira mutauro wacho nokungoteerera chete. Akanga asina duramazwi kana bhuku regirama. Manzwi omutauro wacho aibudiswa nokuvhara gurokuro, mavhawero awo akawanda anotevedzana (akawanda kusvika kushanu mushoko rimwe chete), uye mavaramai awo mashoma zvakaodza mwoyo mamishinari acho. “Mashoko akawanda ainge angori mavaramwana chete, uye rimwe nerimwe, rine inzwi raro,” vakachema-chema kudaro. Vakabvuma kuti vakanga vatadza “kubata manzwi emashoko acho, zvakarurama sezvaidiwa chaizvo.” Vakatofunga kuti vainzwa manzwi akanga asipo!

Kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuoma, nguva nenguva, mamwe mashoko airambidzwa muchiTahiti nokudaro aifanira kutsiviwa. Mashoko anoreva zvakafanana ndiwo mamwe aitemesa musoro. Kana riri shoko rokuti “munyengetero,” raiva nemashoko echiTahiti anodarika 70. Maumbirwe emitsetse yechiTahiti, ayo akasiyana zvachose nechiRungu, aivawo chimwe chipingamupinyi. Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi izvi, zvishoma nezvishoma mamishinari acho akanyora ndandanda yemashoko ayo Davies aizobudisa makore 50 gare gare rava duramazwi rine mashoko 10 000.

Uyezve, paiva nechinetso chokunyora chiTahiti. Mamishinari acho akaedza kuita kudaro nokushandisa bumbiro remabhii echiRungu. Zvisinei, kushandisa kwechiRungu bumbiro remabhii echiLatin hakuna kupindirana nemanzwi echiTahiti. Saka, kurukurirano dzisingaperi dzemadudzirwe emashoko nezviperengo dzakatevera. Kakawanda kacho mamishinari aiumba zviperengo zvitsva, sezvo vaiva vokutanga-tanga kuSouth Seas kuchinja mutauro wokutaura kuti uve nemanyorerwe awo. Havana kuziva kuti basa ravo raizoshandiswa somuenzaniso wokutevedzera nokuda kwemitauro yakawanda yokuSouth Pacific.

Vaiva Nezvishandiso Zvishoma asi Vari Nyanzvi Pakutsvakurudza

Vashanduri vacho vaiva nemabhuku mashomanana okushandisa kutsvakurudza. LMS yakavarayira kushandisa Textus Receptus neKing James Version semabhuku avaishandura. Nott akakumbira LMS kutumira mamwe maduramazwi okuwedzera echiHebheru neechiGiriki nemaBhaibheri emitauro miviri iyi. Hazvizivikanwi kana akazowana mabhuku iwayo. Kana ari Davies, akawana mamwe mabhuku enyanzvi kushamwari dzokuWales. Mashoko aripo anoratidza kuti aiva neduramazwi rechiGiriki, Bhaibheri rechiHebheru, Testamende Itsva muchiGiriki, neSeptuagint.

Munguva iyi, basa rokuparidza remamishinari acho rakaramba risina zvibereko. Kunyange  zvazvo mamishinari aya akanga ava muTahiti kwemakore 12, hapana mumwe chete wevagari vemo akanga abhabhatidzwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, hondo yezvizvarwa zvomunyika imwe chete yakamanikidzira mamishinari acho kutizira kuAustralia kunze kwaNott akanga akatsunga. Kwenguva yakati ndiye chete akanga ari mumishinari akanga asara paWindward Islands zvitsuwa zveboka reSociety Islands, asi aifanira kutevera Mambo Pomare II apo mambo wacho akatizira kuchitsuwa chaiva pedyo cheMoorea.

Zvisinei, kutama kwaNott hakuna kumisa basa rokushandura, uye Davies apedza makore maviri muAustralia, akabatanazve naNott. Panguva ino, Nott akanga atanga kudzidza chiGiriki nechiHebheru uye akanga ava kuziva mitauro iyoyo. Saka, akatanga kushandurira zvimwe zvikamu zveMagwaro echiHebheru muchiTahiti. Akasarudza ndima dzeBhaibheri dzaiva nenhoroondo dzaikwanisa kunzwisiswa nyore nyore nezvizvarwa zvemo.

Achinyanya kushanda naDavies, Nott akabva atanga kushandura Evhangeri yaRuka, iyo yakazopera muna September 1814. Akashandura shanduro yainyatsonzwika muchiTahiti, ukuwo Davies akaongorora shanduro yacho achishandisa ndima dzemitauro yapakuvamba. Muna 1817, Mambo Pomare II akakumbira kuti iye pachake adhinde peji yokutanga yeEvhangeri yaRuka. Akaita kudaro achishandisa muchina muduku wokudhinda wakanga wauya nemamishinari acho kuMoorea. Nyaya yokushandurwa kweBhaibheri muchiTahiti inenge isina kupera kana pasina kutaurwa nezvomumwe munhu akatendeka wokuTahiti ainzi Tuahine, uyo akasara nemamishinari acho kwemakore ose iwayo uye akavabatsira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakadzama zvomutauro wacho.

Shanduro Yacho Inopera

Muna 1819, pashure pemakore matanhatu okushanda nesimba, shanduro yeEvhangeri, Mabasa eVaapostora, uye bhuku raPisarema zvakapera. Muchina wokudhinda, wakanga wauya nemamishinari akanga achangosvika, wakabatsira kudhinda nokuparadzirwa kwemabhuku aya eBhaibheri.

Izvi zvakateverwa nenguva yebasa guru rokushandura, kuverenga, uye kudzokorora basa racho. Agara muTahiti kwemakore 28, Nott akarwara muna 1825, uye LMS yakamubvumira kudzokera nengarava kuEngland. Zvinofadza ndezvokuti panguva iyoyo shanduro yeMagwaro echiGiriki yakanga yava kutopera. Akaenderera mberi nokushandura Bhaibheri rose paaiva murwendo rwokudzokera England uye achigarako. Nott akadzokera kuTahiti muna 1827. Makore masere gare gare, muna December 1835, akapedza basa rake. Pashure pemakore 30 okushanda nesimba, Bhaibheri rose rakanga rashandurwa.

Muna 1836, Nott akadzokera kuEngland kuti anodhindisa Bhaibheri rose muchiTahiti muLondon. Musi waJune 8, 1838, Nott akanga azere norufaro akaratidza Mambokadzi Victoria Bhaibheri  rakanga ratanga kudhindwa muchiTahiti. Zvinonzwisisika kuti iyi yaiva nguva yokunzwa manyukunyuku kwazvo kune aichimbova bhiridha uyu uyo makore 40 akanga apfuura akanga akwira ngarava yeDuff ndokunozvikanda mutsika dzechiTahiti kuti apedze basa guru roupenyu hwake hwose.

Mwedzi miviri gare gare, Nott akadzokera kuSouth Pacific aine makireti 27 aiva nemakopi okutanga 3 000 eBhaibheri rakakwana muchiTahiti. Ambomira muSydney, akarwara zvakare, asi akaramba kuparadzaniswa nemakireti ake aikosha. Apora, akasvika kuTahiti muna 1840, uko vagari veko vaida maBhaibheri echiTahiti vakada kuvhiringidza ngarava yake. Nott akafira muTahiti muna May 1844 ava nemakore 70.

Basa Rakasvika Kure

Zvisinei, basa raNott rakaramba riripo. Shanduro yake yakashandiswawo kwazvo mumitauro yechiPolynesia. Nokuita kuti chiTahiti chinyoreke, mamishinari acho akachengetedza mutauro iwoyo. Mumwe munyori akati: “Nott akachengetedza girama yakaisvonaka yechiTahiti. Zvichangoramba zvakakodzera kuenda kuBhaibheri kuti munhu adzidze mutauro chaiwo wechiTahiti.” Kushanda kwevashanduri ava vasingaregi kwakachengetedza zviuru zvemashoko kuti zvisatsakatike. Zana remakore gare gare, mumwe munyori akati: “Bhaibheri rinoshamisa rechiTahiti raNott nderimwe basa rounyanzvi mumutauro wechiTahiti—munhu wose anobvumirana nazvo.”

Basa rinokosha iri harina kungobatsira vanhu vokuTahiti chete asiwo rakaita kuti kushandurwa kwemimwe mitauro yokuSouth Pacific kuve nepokutangira. Somuenzaniso, vashanduri vari kuCook Islands nokuSamoa vakarishandisa sechokutevedzera. “Chaizvoizvo ndave ndichitevedzera VaNott, vane shanduro yandakanyatsoongorora,” akadaro mumwe mushanduri. Zvinonzi mumwe mushanduri ‘aishandisa shanduro dzemabhuku ePisarema rechiHebheru uye dzechiRungu neshanduro dzechiTahiti’ ‘paaishandura rimwe pisarema raDhavhidhi muchiSamoa.’

Vachitevedzera muenzaniso wenhengo dzeAwakening sangano rokuEngland, mamishinari okuTahiti akasimudzira chido chokuverenga nokunyora. Kutaura zvazviri, kwenguva inopfuura zana remakore, Bhaibheri ndiro chete bhuku raiwanikwa nevanhu vokuTahiti. Saka rakava chinhu chinokosha mutsika dzevaTahiti.

Kuwanika kwakawanda kwezita raMwari muMagwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki ndechimwe chinhu chakanaka kwazvo chinowanika muNott Version. Somugumisiro, nhasi zita raJehovha rinonyatsozivikanwa muTahiti nezvitsuwa zvayo. Rinotowanika mune dzimwe chechi dzechiPurotesitendi. Zvisinei, zita raMwari rava kunyanyova nechokuita neZvapupu zvaJehovha nebasa razvo rokuparidza nokushingaira, umo vanoshandisa kwazvo Bhaibheri rechiTahiti rakashandurwa naNott nevamwe vake. Basa rokushingaira rakaitwa nevashanduri vakadai saHenry Nott rinotiyeuchidza kuonga kwatinofanira kuita kuwanika kweShoko raMwari kuvanhu vakawanda nhasi.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

Shanduro dzokutanga dzeBhaibheri muchiTahiti, 1815. Zita raJehovha ririmo

Henry Nott (1774-1844), mushanduri mukuru weBhaibheri rechiTahiti

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Bhaibheri rechiTahiti: Copyright the British Library (3070.a.32); Henry Nott netsamba yake: Collection du Musée de Tahiti et de ses Îles, Punaauia, Tahiti; katekisimo: Nokubvumira kweLondon Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Mitauro miviri yechiTahiti uye bhuku rekatekisimo rokuWales ra1801, umo zita raMwari rinowanika

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Nokubvumira kweLondon Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 29]

Chechi yePurotesitendi ine zita raJehovha mberi kwayo, chitsuwa cheHuahine, French Polynesia

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Avec la permission du Pasteur Teoroi Firipa