Vakatsvaka Mugwagwa Wakamanikana

ANODA kusvika makore 550 akapfuura, mapoka maduku evaizviti vaKristu vaigara muPrague, Chelčice, Vilémov, Klatovy, nemamwe maguta mune yava zvino Czech Republic vakasiya misha yavo. Vakanogara pedyo nomusha weKunwald, mumupata uri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBohemia, uko vakavaka dzimba, vakarima minda, vakaverenga maBhaibheri avo, uye vakazvipa zita rokuti Unity of Brethren (Kubatana Kwehama), kana kuti Unitas Fratrum muchiLatin.

Vagari vacho vaisanganisira vanhu vakasiyana-siyana. Vaiva vanhuwo zvavo, vanhu vepamusoro, vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti, vapfumi nevarombo, varume nevakadzi, chirikadzi nenherera, vose vaiva nechido chimwe chete. “Takanyengetera kuna Mwari Pachake,” vakanyora kudaro, “ndokuMuteterera kuti atizivise kuda Kwake muzvinhu zvose. Taida kufamba munzira Dzake.” Chokwadi, vaUnity of Brethren ava, kana kuti Czech Brethren, sokudanwa kwakazoitwa boka iri revatendi, vakatsvaka “mugwagwa wakamanikana unoenda kuupenyu.” (Mateu 7:13, 14) Kutsvakurudza kwavo kwakabudisa chokwadi chipi cheBhaibheri? Zvitendero zvavo zvakanga zvakasiyana sei nezviya zvaigamuchirwa munguva iyoyo, uye tingadzidzei mazviri?

Kuramba Chisimba—Kuramba Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira

Masangano ezvitendero anoverengeka akabatsira pakuumbwa kweUnity of Brethren pakati pezana remakore rechi15. Rimwe racho raiva revaWaldenses, sangano rakavamba muzana remakore rechi12. Pakutanga, vaWaldenses vakabuda muRoma Katurike, chitendero cheNyika  yavo muCentral Europe. Zvisinei, gare gare, vakadzokera zvishomanana kudzidziso dzeKaturike. Rimwe boka raiva nesimba raiva revaHussite, vateveri vaJan Hus. Vaimiririra chitendero choruzhinji rwevanhu veCzech, asi vaiva vasina kubatana zvachose. Rimwe boka rairwira nhau dzenzanga, nepo rimwe racho raishandisa chitendero kufambisira mberi zvematongerwe enyika. VaBrethren vaikusvudzirwawo nemapoka aidavira makore ane chiuru uyewo nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri dzomunyika yacho nedzokunze kwenyika.

Peter Chelčický (c. 1390-c. 1460), nyanzvi yeBhaibheri uye mumwe wevaitsigira kuchinja wokuCzech, aiva akajairana nedzidziso dzevaWaldenses nevaHussite. Akaramba vaHussite pamusana pechisimba chakanga chava kuitwa nesangano ravo, uye akaramba vaWaldenses pamusana pokubvumirana kwavo pane zvisina kufanira. Akashora hondo achiti haisi yechiKristu. Aifunga kuti “mutemo waKristu” unofanira kudzora muKristu, pasinei nokuti waizova nomugumisiro wakadini. (VaGaratiya 6:2; Mateu 22:37-39) Muna 1440, Chelčický akanyora dzidziso dzake mubhuku rinonzi Net of the Faith.

Gregory wokuPrague, nyanzvi yechiduku yakararama panguva imwe naChelčický, akaororwa zvikuru nedzidziso dzaChelčický zvokuti akasiya sangano rechiHussite. Muna 1458, Gregory akanyengetedza mapoka maduku evaimbova vaHussite kusiya misha yavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeCzechia. Vaiva pakati pevaya vakamutevera kumusha weKunwald, uko kwavakavamba  rimwe boka idzva rechitendero. Gare gare, mapoka evaWaldenses vokuCzech neGermany akabatana navo ikoko.

Kunzwisisa Zvakaitika Kare

Kubva muna 1464 kusvika muna 1467, boka idzva iri rakanga richiri kukura rakaita misangano inoverengeka munzvimbo yeKunwald uye rakagamuchira zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvaitsanangura sangano ravo idzva rechitendero. Zvisarudzo zvacho zvose zvakanyatsonyorwa mumabhuku aitevedzana, zvino anozivikanwa seActa Unitatis Fratrum (Mabasa Ehama Dzakabatama), nazvino achiripo. Acta inobatsira kunzwisisa zvakaitika kare, ichipa mufananidzo wakajeka wezvaitendwa nevaBrethren. Mabhuku acho ane tsamba, mashoko akataurwa, uye kunyange mashoko pamusoro pokukakavadzana kwavo.

Nezvezvitendero zvevaBrethren, Acta inoti: “Takatsunga kugadza utarisiri hwedu Nokungoverenga uye nemienzaniso yaShe wedu nevaapostora vatsvene murunyararo, kuzvininipisa nomwoyo murefu, tichida vavengi vedu, tichivaitira nokuvashuvira zvakanaka, uye tichivanyengeterera.” Zvinyorwa zvacho zvinoratidzawo kuti pakutanga vaBrethren vaiparidza. Vaifamba vaviri vaviri, uye vakadzi ndivo vairatidza kuva mamishinari aibudirira munharaunda  yacho. VaBrethren vakanga vasina zvinzvimbo mune zvematongerwe enyika, vasingapiki, uye vasingazvibatanidzi mubasa rechiuto, uye vakanga vasingatakuri zvombo.

Kubva Pakubatana Kuenda Pakusabatana

Zvisinei, pashure pemakumi emakore, veUnity of Brethren vakakundikana kurarama maererano nezita ravo. Kukakavadzirana kuti zvitendero zvavo zvaifanira kuitwa sei chaizvoizvo kwakakonzera mapoka. Muna 1494 vaBrethren vakakamurana kuva mapoka maviri—Boka Guru neDuku. Kunyange zvazvo Boka Guru rakarerutsa zvitendero zvaro zvepakutanga, Boka Duku rakaparidza kuti vaBrethren vaifanira kuramba vakasimba mukusabatanidzwa kwavo mune zvematongerwe enyika uye mune zvenyika.—Ona bhokisi rakanzi “Zvakadini Neboka Guru?”

Somuenzaniso, imwe nhengo yeBoka Duku yakanyora kuti: “Pane mikana mishoma yokuti vanhu vanofamba mumigwagwa miviri varambe vaina Mwari, nokuti havawanzodi kuzvipa uye kuzviisa pasi Pake muzvinhu zviduku, nepo  muzvinhu zvikuru vanoita zvavanoda. . . . Vaya vakatsiga nevane hana yakanaka—vanotevera Ishe Kristu mazuva ose pamugwagwa wakamanikana vaine muchinjikwa wavo—ndivo vatinoda kuva navo.”

Nhengo dzeBoka Duku dzaiona mudzimu mutsvene sesimba raMwari rinobata basa, “munwe” wake. Vainzwisisa kuti rudzikinuro rwaJesu rwaiva rwokuti munhu akakwana Jesu akabhadhara noupenyu hwake chakaraswa nomutadzi Adhamu. Vakanga vasinganamati Mariya, amai vaJesu. Vakadzorera dzidziso youpristi yevatendi vose pasina mhiko yokusaroora. Vaikurudzira kuti nhengo dzose dzeungano dziparidze pachena uye vaidzinga vatadzi vasingapfidzi. Vaiva vasingabatanidzwi zvachose mumabasa ehondo neezvematongerwe enyika. (Ona bhokisi rakanzi “Zvaitendwa nevaBrethren veBoka Duku.”) Sezvo Boka Duku rakaomerera pazvisarudzo zvomuActa, rakazviona somugari wenhaka wechokwadi weUnity of Brethren yepakutanga.

Kutaura Pachena uye Kutambudzwa

Boka Duku raishora pachena zvimwe zvitendero, kusanganisira Boka Guru. “Munodzidzisa kuti vana vaduku vanofanira kubhabhatidzwa avo vasina kutenda kwavo pachavo,” vakanyora kudaro nezvezvitendero izvozvo, “uye mune izvi munotevera tsika yabhishopi anonzi Dionysius, uyo akasimbisa rubhabhatidzo rwevacheche achifurirwa nevanhu vasina kuchenjera . . . Izvozvo ndizvo zvinodavirwa nevadzidzisi uye nyanzvi dzechitendero dzine mukurumbira dzinenge dzose, Luther, Melanchthon, Bucerus, Korvín, Jiles, Bullinger, . . . Boka Guru, vose vanoita zvakafanana.”

Hazvishamisi kuti Boka Duku rakatambudzwa. Muna 1524 mumwe wevatungamiriri varo, Jan Kalenec, akazvamburwa uye akapiswa. Gare gare nhengo nhatu dzeBoka Duku dzakapisirwa padanda. Boka Duku rinoita serakaparara munenge muna 1550, pakafa mutungamiriri wavo wokupedzisira.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vatendi veBoka Duku vakasiya chiratidzo chokuti vaimbovapo muchitendero chomuMiddle Ages muEurope. Chokwadi, sezvo “zivo” yakanga ichigere kuwanda mumazuva eBoka Duku, havana kubudirira kupedza rima romudzimu renguva refu. (Dhanieri 12:4) Kunyange zvakadaro, chido chavo chakasimba chokutsvaka mugwagwa wakamanikana voutevera pasinei nokutambudzwa ndechimwe chinhu chinofanira kucherechedzwa nevaKristu nhasi.

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 13]

Makumi mashanu emabhuku 60 echiBohemia (Czech) akadhindwa kubvira muna 1500 kusvika muna 1510 anonzi aiva nenhengo dzeUnity of Brethren

[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]

Zvakadini Neboka Guru?

Chii chakazoitika kuBoka Guru? Boka Duku parakanga risisipo, Boka Guru rakaenderera mberi sesangano rechitendero, chakanga chichiri kuzivikanwa seUnity of Brethren. Nokufamba kwenguva, boka iri rakagadziridza zvitendero zvaro zvepakuvamba. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16, veUnity of Brethren vakabatana neCzech Utraquists, * avo vaiva chaizvoizvo vaLutheran. Zvisinei, vaBrethren vakaramba vachishingairira kushandura nokubudisa maBhaibheri uyewo mamwe mabhuku echitendero. Zvinofadza kuti mapeji emisoro yenyaya yemabhuku avo epakutanga airatidza Tetragrammaton, sokuzivikanwa kunoita mabhii mana echiHebheru ezita raMwari.

Muna 1620, umambo hweCzech hwakamanikidzwa kuva pasi poudzori hweRoma Katurike. Somugumisiro, vaBrethren vakawanda veBoka Guru vakabva munyika yacho ndokuenderera mberi nemabasa avo kunze kwenyika. Ikoko, boka racho rakazozivikanwa seChechi yeMoravia (Moravia iri imwe yenyika yeCzech), iyo ichiripo nanhasi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 12]

Zvaitendwa nevaBrethren Veboka Duku

Mashoko anotevera akatorwa muActa Unitatis Fratrum yezana remakore rechi15 nerechi16 anoratidza zvimwe zvezvitendero zveBoka Duku. Mashoko akanyorwa nomutungamiriri weBoka Duku, anonyanya kunangidzirwa kuBoka Guru.

Utatu: “Kana mukatarira muBhaibheri rose, hamumbooni kuti Mwari akakamurwa kuva Utatu, vanhu vatatu nemazita, sokufungidzira kunoita vanhu.”

Mudzimu mutsvene: “Mudzimu mutsvene munwe waMwari uye chipo chaMwari, kana kuti munyaradzi, kana Simba raMwari, iro Baba vanopa vatendi nokuda kwenyasha dzaKristu. Mumagwaro Matsvene hatiwani mudzimu mutsvene uchinzi unofanira kunzi Mwari kana kuti Munhu; uyewo zvaidzidziswa nevaapostora hazviratidzi izvozvo.”

Upristi: “Vanokupai mazita okuremekedza zvenhema okuti “mupristi”; kana mukabvisa ngowani dzenyu dzoupristi uye zvizoro zveminwe, hapana chamunacho chinopfuura munhuwo zvake. Musande Petro anoda kuti vaKristu vose vave vapristi, achiti: Muri upristi hutsvene hunopa zvibayiro zvomudzimu. (1 Petro 2)”

Rubhabhatidzo: “Ishe Kristu vakaudza vaapostora vavo kuti: Endai pasi pose, paridzai Evhangeri kuzvisikwa zvose, kune vaya vangatenda. (Mako, chitsauko 16) Uye pashure pemashoko aya chete: vozobhabhatidzwa, kuti vaponeswe. Asi imi munodzidzisa kubhabhatidzwa kwevana vaduku vasina kutenda kwavo pachavo.”

Kusava nokwawakarerekera: “Zvaifungwa kuti zvakaipa uye hazvina kuchena nehama dzenyu dzekare, kuenda kuhondo uye kuuraya kana kuti kufamba mumugwagwa wakatakura zvombo, zvose izvo munoti zvakanaka . . . Saka tinofunga kuti imi, pamwe nevamwe vadzidzisi, munotarira neziso renyu roruboshwe bedzi pamashoko ouprofita anoti: Saka akatyora simba routa, nhoo nebakatwa uye hondo. (Pisarema 75) Uyezve: Havachazokuvadzi kana kuparadza mugomo rangu rose dzvene, nokuti nyika yaIshe ichazara nokuziva Mwari, nezvimwewo. (Isaya, chitsauko 11).”

Kuparidza: “Tinonyatsoziva kuti pakutanga, vakadzi vakabatsira vanhu vakawanda kuti vapfidze kupinda vapristi vose pamwe chete nabhishopu. Uye zvino vapristi vagara panzvimbo dzavo nomudzimba dzavo dzavakapiwa. Chikanganiso chakakura kwazvo! Endai pasi pose. Paridzirai . . . zvisikwa zvose.”

[Mepu dziri papeji 10]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

GERMANY

POLAND

CZECH REPUBLIC

BOHEMIA

Elbe River

PRAGUE

Vltava River

Klatovy

Chelčice

Kunwald

Vilémov

MORAVIA

Danube River

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 10, 11]

Kuruboshwe: Peter Chelčický; pazasi: peji yomu“Net of the Faith”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]

Gregory wokuPrague

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 13]

Mifananidzo yose: S laskavým svolením knihovny Národního muzea v Praze, C̆esko