Hondo Yachinja Mazuva Ano

HONDO yagara ine utsinye. Yagara ichiparadza upenyu hwemauto uye ichitambudza vanhu. Asi mumakore achangopfuura, hondo yachinja. Sei?

Hondo dzemazuva ano kazhinji kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete—mapoka anenge achirwisana. Uye kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete hakukurumidzi kupera, kunosiya vanhu vachishushikana zvikuru, uye kunoparadza kwazvo kupinda hondo dzinorwiwa nyika nenyika. “Kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete ndekwoutsinye, ropa rakawanda rinodeurwa zvichiguma norufu rwezviuru, kubatwa chibharo, kutiza musha uye, muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kuparadzwa kwedzinza,” anodaro munyori wenhau dzakaitika wokuSpain, Julián Casanova. Chokwadi, vavakidzani pavanoitirana utsinye, marwadzo acho angatora mazana emakore kuti apere.

Kubva zvakapera Hondo Yemashoko, panongova nenyika shoma dzakarwisana. “Pahondo dzose dzakanyorwa dzakarwiwa pakati pa1990-2000, nhatu chete ndidzo dzakanga dzisiri dzokurwisana kwomunyika imwe chete,” inodaro Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

Chokwadi, kurwisana kwomunyika kungaita sokusinganyanyi kutyisidzira uye vabudisi venhau dzomunyika yose vangasava nebasa nazvo, asi marwadzo nokuparadza zvinokonzerwa nokurwisana kwakadaro zvinovhiringidza. Mamiriyoni evanhu akafira mukurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete. Kutaura zvazviri, mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni mashanu vakafa munyika nhatu chete idzo dzaparadzwa nehondo—Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, neSudan. Munyika dzeBalkan Peninsula, kurwisana kwemadzinza kunotyisa kwakaurayisa vanhu vanenge 250 000, uye hondo yemagandanga isingaperi muColombia yakasiya vanhu 100 000 vafa.

Hapana panonyatsooneka utsinye hwehondo kupfuura pavana. Maererano neUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, mumakore gumi adarika, vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri vakafa mukurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete. Vamwe mamiriyoni matanhatu vakakuvadzwa. Vana vakawanda vakaitwa kuti vave varwi. Mumwe musoja achiri mwana anoti: “Vakandidzidzisa. Vakandipa pfuti. Ndakashandisa zvinodhaka. Ndakauraya vanhuwo zvavo. Vakawanda. Yaingova hondo . . . Ndaingoita zvandaiudzwa. Ndaiziva kuti zvainge zvakaipa. Ndakanga ndisingadi kudaro.”

Munyika umo kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kwava nzira youpenyu, vana vakawanda vari kukura vasingambozivi rugare. Vanogara munyika umo zvikoro zvakaparadzwa uye umo kukurukurirana kunoitwa nomuromo wepfuti. Dunja ane makore 14 anoti: “Vanhu vakawanda kwazvo vakaurayiwa . . . Hauchambonzwi kuimba kweshiri, asi vana vari kuchema amai kana baba, mukoma kana hanzvadzi inenge yafa.”

Kunokonzerwa Nei?

Kurwisana kwoutsinye kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kwakadaro kunokonzerwa nei?  Kuvengana kwemadzinza nemarudzi, kusiyana kwezvitendero, kusaruramisira, uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru. Makaro ndechimwewo chikonzero—kukara simba nokukara mari. Pamusana pokukara kwavo, vatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika vanowanzotanga ruvengo runokuchidzira kurwa. Mushumo wakabudiswa neSIPRI unoti vakawanda vanorwisana nezvombo “vanokuchidzirwa nokuda kupfuma.” Mushumo wacho unotizve: “Makaro anoratidzwa nenzira dzakawanda, kubva pakutengeserana kukuru madhaimani kunoitwa nevatungamiriri vemauto nevezvematongerwe enyika kusvika pakupamba kunoitwa mumisha nepwere dzine pfuti.”

Kuwanikwa nyore kwezvombo zvakachipa asi zviine ngozi kunowedzera pakuurayiwa kwevakawanda. Kufa kwevanenge 500 000 pagore—kunyanya vakadzi nevana—kunokonzerwa nezvinonzi zvombo zviduku. Mune imwe nyika yomuAfrica, pfuti inonzi AK-47 inogona kutengwa nomutengo wakafanana nowehuku. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, pfuti dziri kuwanda sokuwanda kwakaita huku. Pasi pose zvino pava nezvombo zviduku zvinofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 500—chimwe chete pavanhu 12.

Kurwisana kwoutsinye kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kuchava chinhu chikuru chezana remakore rechi21 here? Kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kunogona kudzorwa here? Vanhu vachazomborega kuurayana here? Nyaya inotevera ichapindura mibvunzo iyi.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 4]

Muripo Unosuruvarisa Wokurwisana Kwevanhu Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Mukurwisana kwoutsinye kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete asi pachishandiswa zvombo zviri nyore kushandisa, 90 muzana yevanofa vanhuwo zvavo vasiri varwi. Nyanzvi yeSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose Yezvinoguma Zvaitika Pavana Zvichikonzerwa Nokurwisana Nezvombo, Graça Machel anoti, “Zviri pachena kuti vana ndivo vava kunyanya kuurayiwa, kwete kuti vanongofawo zvavo netsaona.”

Kubata chibharo ndiko kwave kushandiswa nevarwi. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzaparadzwa nehondo, magandanga anobata chibharo vanenge vasikana vose vachiri kuyaruka mumisha yavanokunda. Chinangwa cheavo vanobata chibharo ndechokuita kuti vanhu kwose kwose vatye kana kuti kuparadza kubatana kwemhuri.

Nzara nehosha zvinotevera pashure pehondo. Kurwisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kunoreva kuti pacharimwa zvinhu zvishoma uye gohwo richava duku, kana paine zvipatara, zvinenge zviri zvishoma, uye rubatsiro runobva kune dzimwe nyika runosvika kuvarombo runenge ruri rushoma. Kumwe kuongorora mune imwe nyika yomuAfrica kwakaonesa kuti 20 muzana yevakafa yakakonzerwa nehosha uye 78 muzana nenzara. Vakafa pamusana pokurwa chaiko vaingova zvikamu zviviri muzana.

Paavhareji, mumaminitsi 22 oga oga mumwe munhu anorasikirwa negumbo kana ruoko kana kuti anofa paanotsika chimbambaira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune mamiriyoni 60 kana kuti 70 ezvimbambaira zvakapararira munyika dzinopfuura 60.

Vanhu vanomanikidzwa kutiza misha yavo. Pasi pose, zvino pava nevapoteri mamiriyoni 50 uye vanhu vasina misha—hafu yavo vari vana.

 [Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 2]

BUTIRO: Mukomana: Mufananidzo naChris Hondros/Getty Images

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]

Mufananidzo naChris Hondros/Getty Images