Mitambo Yekare uye Kukosha Kwokukunda

“MUNHU wose anotora rutivi mumakwikwi anoshandisa kuzvidzora muzvinhu zvose.” “Kana munhu achikwikwidza . . . mumitambo, haapiwi korona kunze kwokuti akwikwidza maererano nemirau yacho.”—1 VaKorinde 9:25; 2 Timoti 2:5.

Mitambo yaitaurwa nomuapostora Pauro yaiva chinhu chinokosha munzanga yevaGiriki yekare. Nhau inotiudzei nezvemitambo yakadaro uye zvaiitika ipapo?

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pashoo yemitambo yechiGiriki, Nike—Il gioco e la vittoria (“Nike—Mutambo Nokukunda”), yakaitwa muColosseum yomuRome. * Zvaiva pashoo iyi zvakapa mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo uye zvinotipa chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvacho nezvemaonero anoita muKristu mitambo.

Zvinhu Zvagara Zvichiitwa Kubvira Kare

Greece haisi iyo nzanga yokutanga kuita zvemitambo. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvichida muzana remakore rechisere B.C.E., nyanduri wechiGiriki Homer akarondedzera nezvenzanga yainge izere  ugamba uye makwikwi, mairi unyanzvi hwokurwa uye hwokuita mitambo yakasiyana-siyana zvaikosheswa chaizvo. Pashoo yacho zvakanzi, mitambo yokutanga-tanga yechiGiriki, yakatanga sezviitiko zvechitendero zvokukudza vanamwari pamariro evanhu vainzi magamba. Somuenzaniso, nhetembo yaHomer inonzi Iliad, bhuku rekare rechiGiriki pane mamwe ose, inotsanangura kuti varwi veimba huru, shamwari dzaAchilles, dzakaisa zvombo pasi setsika pamariro aPatroclus ndokukwikwidzana pamitambo yetsiva, yomutsimba, yokukanda zvinhu zveraundi nezvimwe zvakaita semapfumo maduku uye mijaho yengoro dzemabhiza kuti varatidze simba ravo.

Mimwe mitambo yakadai yakatanga kuitwawo muGreece yose. Bhuku rezvinhu zvairatidzwa pashoo yacho rinoti: “Mitambo yaipa mukana wokuti vanhu veGreece, vachiremekedza vanamwari vavo, vaimbosendeka kukakavadzana kwavo kusingaperi kwechisimba, voshandisa simba iroro kuita makwikwi ezvinhu zvinounza rugare: ari makwikwi emitambo yakasiyana-siyana.”

Mapoka omumatunhu akasiyana-siyana akava nourongwa hwokuungana pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzokunamatira kuti aremekedze vanamwari vawo nokuita mitambo yakasiyana-siyana. Nokufamba kwenguva, mitambo mina yakadaro—weOlympic neweNemea, yose yakatsaurirwa kuna Zeus, uye wePythos noweIsthmus, yakatsaurirwa kuna Apollo naPoseidon yakawedzera kukosheswa—kusvikira yava mitambo yevanhu vose vomuGreece. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, yaigona kukwikwidzwa nevanhu vanobva muGreece yose. Pamitambo yacho paipiwa zvibayiro neminamato uyewo yairemekedza vanamwari nokukwikwidzana kukuru kwounyanzvi kwaiitwa.

Mutambo wekare kupfuura mimwe yose uye waiva nomukurumbira, unonzi ndowe muna 776 B.C.E., waiitwa muOlympia makore mana oga oga kuitira kuremekedza Zeus. Mutambo waiutevera pakukosha waiva wePythos. Waiitirwa pedyo nesvikiro raiva nomukurumbira chaizvo renyika yekare, paDelphi. Asi mukuremekedza mutsigiri wenhetembo nemimhanzi, Apollo, chainyanya kusimbiswa apa kuimba nokutamba.

Zviitiko

Kana zvichienzaniswa nemitambo yemazuva ano, mitemo yacho yaiva mishoma, uye varume bedzi ndivo vaikwikwidza. Purogiramu yemaOlympics ekare yaisambova nezviitiko zvinopfuura gumi. Zvidhori, mifananidzo inoratidza kuyamura, mifananidzo yakaitwa nezvayenga, uye mifananidzo iri pamavhasi inoratidza zvaive zvakaita zvinhu muColosseum.

Paiva nemijaho yetsoka yemarudzi matatu munhandare yacho—wemamita 200; wakapetwa kaviri ungaenzaniswa nowemamita 400 nhasi, uye mujaho wakareba wemamita 4 500. Vatambi vaimhanya nokudzidzira vari mushutu. Vatambi vaitamba mitambo mishanu inoti: kumhanya, kusvetuka, kukanda chinhu cheraundi, kukanda chinhu chinenge pfumo duku, uye mutsimba. Mimwe mitambo yaisanganisira tsiva uye mutambo wetsiva nomutsimba, unorondedzerwa so“mutambo woutsinye wetsiva nomutsimba wairwiwa vanhu vasina magirovhosi.” Kwaivawo nomujaho wengoro kwechinhambwe chinopfuura mamita 1 600, ngoro yacho yainge yakavhurika kumashure iine tumavhiri tuduku uye ichikwevewa nembongoro duku mbiri kana ina kana kuti mabhiza mahombe.

Tsiva yaiva nechisimba chaizvo uye dzimwe nguva yaitouraya. Vatambi vaimonerera tubhandi tweganda twakaomarara twakapfekerwa tusimbi pazvibhakera zvavo. Unogona kufungidzira chikonzero nei mumwe mutambi ainzi Stratofonte  akatadza kuzviziva azvitarira mugirazi pashure pokutamba tsiva kwemaawa mana. Zvidhori zvekare nemifananidzo yakaitwa nezvayenga zvinopupurira kuti vatambi vetsiva vaikanganisika chaizvo pazviso zvavo.

Pakutamba mutsimba, mitemo yairambidza kubata mumwe dundundu zvichikwira kumusoro, uye aikunda ndiye ainge atanga kuwisira pasi katatu waairwisana naye. Asi pamutambo wetsiva nomutsimba hapana chairambidzwa. Vatambi vaigona kukava, kurova nechibhakera, uye kumonyorora mapfundo. Chaingorambidzwa chete kwaiva kutogodora maziso, kumara, uye kuruma. Chinangwa chacho chaiva chokutsimbirira mumwe pasi womumanikidza kubvuma. Vamwe vanoona sokuti ndiwo waiva “mutambo wakanakisisa pane mimwe yose yeOlympia.”

Mutambo wetsiva nomutsimba wakakurumbira kupfuura mimwe yose pamitambo yekare unonzi wakarwiwa pakupedzisira paOlympic muna 564 B.C.E. Arrhachion, akanga achidzipwa, asi uropi hwake hwakanga huchiri kushanda zvokuti akafunga zvokuminyura chigunwe chewaairwa naye. Waairwa naye arwadziwa, akabvuma kukundwa panguva iyoyo, Arrhachion achibva afa. Vaisarudza anenge akunda vakati chitunha chaArrhachion ndicho chakakunda!

Mujaho wengoro ndiwo waiva wemberi uyewo wakakurumbira pane mimwe yose pavapfumi, sezvo mutyairi asiri iye aikunda asi muridzi wengoro nowemabhiza. Pakutanga pomujaho wacho ndipo painyanya kunakidza, apo vatambi vaifanira kuramba vari munzira yavo, uyewo pakukona kwaigumira nhandare. Kukanganisa kwaigona kukonzera tsaona zvichibva zvatoita kuti zviwedzere kunakidza.

Mubayiro

Muapostora Pauro akati, “Vamhanyi munhangemutange vanomhanya vose, asi mumwe bedzi anogamuchira mubayiro.” (1 VaKorinde 9:24) Kukunda ndiko kwainyanya kukosha. Pakanga pasina sirivha kana kuti menduru, pakanga pasina nhamba yechipiri kana yechitatu. “Kukunda, ‘Nike,’ ndicho chaiva chinangwa chikuru chevaikwikwidza,” zvakatsanangurwa kudaro pashoo yacho. “Izvozvi bedzi zvaiva zvakakwana sezvo zviri izvo bedzi zvairatidza unhu hwake chaihwo, simba uye tsika, uye kudadisa vanhu vetaundi rokumusha kwake.” Pfungwa yacho inobudiswa nechirevo chimwe chete naHomer paanoti: “Ndakadzidza kubudirira muzvinhu zvose.”

Mubayiro waipiwa aikunda muMitambo yevanhu vanobva muGreece yose waingova wokufananidzira—korona yemashizha. Pauro akaiti “korona inoora.” (1 VaKorinde 9:25) Asi mubayiro wacho waiva nezvawaireva zvinokosha zvikuru. Waimiririra simba rezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvaiisa simba razvo pane ainge akunda. Kukunda, kwaitsvakwa nechinangwa chimwe chete, kwaingoreva kuwana nyasha dzavanamwari. Shoo yacho yakaratidza zvaifungidzirwa nevavezi nevanyori vemifananidzo zvainge zvakaita Nike, mwarikadzi worukundo weGreece aiva nemapapiro, achipa korona kune ainge akunda. Basa romukwikwidzi raiperera paOlympia kana akunda.

Korona dzeOlympic dzaigadzirwa nemashizha omuorivhi—dzeIsthmus neomupaini, dzePythos neomulaurel, dzeNemea norudzi rwomuriwo womusango. Vaironga mitambo kune dzimwewo nzvimbo vaipa mari kana mimwe  mibayiro kuti vakwezve vatambi vane unyanzvi hwepamusorosoro. Mavhasi anoverengeka airatidzwa pashoo yacho aimbova mibayiro yepaMitambo yePanathenaea, yaiitwa muAthens mukukudza mwarikadzi Athena. Mavhasi aya pakutanga aichengeterwa mafuta anokosha aibva kuAttica. Rimwe remavhasi acho rine divi rine mufananidzo wamwarikadzi uye rine mashoko akanzi “mubayiro wevakwikwidzi veAthena.” Rimwe divi racho rine mufananidzo wechimwe chiitiko, zvichida mukwikwidzi wacho paakakunda.

Maguta eGreece aipemberera pamwe chete rukundo rwevakwikwidzi vawo, avo vaiti kana vakunda vova magamba munzanga dzokumusha kwavo. Vakundi pavaidzoka vanhu vaiita midungwe vachifamba vachipemberera. Zvidhori zvaivamiririra zvaimiswa sezvipo zvokutenda vanamwari—rukudzo rwaisawanzopiwa vanhu venyama—uye vananyanduri vaiimba nezvounyanzvi hwavo. Vaya vaikunda vaizogara vachipiwa nzvimbo dzokutanga pamhemberero dzomunharaunda yavo uye vaipiwa mari yepenjeni yaibva kuvanhu vose.

Zvivako Zvokurovedzera Muviri Nevaizvishandisa

Kukwikwidza mumitambo kwainzi chinhu chinokosha mukuumba varwi venyika yacho. Maguta ose eGreece aiva nezvivako zvokurovedzera muviri, umo kurovedza muviri kwemajaya kwaiitwa pamwe chete nokudzidzisa uchenjeri uye zvokunamata. Zvivako zvokurovedzera muviri zvaiva kune nzvimbo dzisina zvimwewo zvivako uko vanhu vairovedzera muviri, kuine mavharanda uye zvimwe zvivako zvaishandiswa semaraibhurari uye makirasi okudzidzira. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzaiwanzoshanyirwa, kunyanya nemajaya emhuri dzakapfuma aigona kuwana nguva yokudzidza pane kuenda kubasa. Kuno, vatambi vaigadzirira chaizvo mitambo kwenguva yakareba vachibatsirwa nevadzidzisi, avo vaivapa mirayiro pane zvokudya uye yokuti vasamborare nevakadzi.

Shoo yeColosseum yakapa vashanyi mukana wokuyemura zvairatidzwa zvakanaka chaizvo zvevatambi vekare, kunyanya zviya zvakagadzirwa munguva youmambo hweRoma asi vachitevedzera zvevavezi vechiGiriki vekare. Sezvo mukuona kwevaGiriki vekare, kuumbika zvakanaka kwomuviri kwaipindirana netsika dzomunhu uye kwaingova kwevaya vaiva vakapfuma, zvidhori izvi zvakanyatsoumbwa zvevaya vaikunda, zvaimiririra zvavaiva. VaRoma vaizvikoshesa semabasa ounyanzvi, zvakawanda zvacho zvaishongedza nhandare, nzvimbo dzokugezera, dzimba hombe dzoumbozha, uye dzimba dzemadzimambo.

Pakati pevaRoma, mitambo yechisimba yaiva yakakurumbira nguva dzose, naizvozvo pamitambo yose yevaGiriki yaiitirwa muRoma, tsiva, mutsimba, uye mutambo wetsiva nomutsimba ndiyo yaifarirwa zvikuru. VaRoma vaisaona mitambo yakadaro semakwikwi evanhu vakaenzana kuti vaone anokunda, asi sevaraidzo. Pfungwa yepakutanga yemitambo yaitambwa nevarwi vose vaiva nyanzvi sokumwe kwokurovedzwa kwavo yakasiyiwa. Asi vaRoma vakaita kuti mitambo yevaGiriki ive mitambo yokurovedza muviri kuitira utano vanhu vasati vageza, kana kuti mitambo yokunakidzwa nayo yaitambwa nenyanzvi dzevanhu vakaderera, vairwa kusvikira mumwe afa.

 VaKristu Nemitambo

Kubatanidza zvechitendero kwemitambo iyi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chakaita kuti vaKristu vomuzana remakore rokutanga vairambe, nokuti “temberi yaMwari ine kubvumirana kwei nezvidhori?” (2 VaKorinde 6:14, 16) Zvakadini nemitambo nhasi?

Zviri pachena kuti mitambo yemazuva ano haikudzi vanamwari vechihedheni. Asi hachisi chokwadi here kuti mimwe mitambo yakada kubatana chaizvo nechitendero, sezvakangoita iya yaivapo kare? Uyezve, sezvinoratidzwa nemishumo yemakore mashomanana apfuura, kuti munhu akunde, vamwe vatambi vave vachida kushandisa mishonga inovaita kuti vabudirire asi ichiisa utano noupenyu hwavo mungozi.

KuvaKristu, kubudirira mune zvemitambo hakunyanyi kukosha. Zvinhu zvine chokuita nokunamata “munhu akavanzika wemwoyo” ndizvo zvinotiita kuti tive vakanaka pamberi paMwari. (1 Petro 3:3, 4) Tinobvuma kuti havasi vose vanoita zvemitambo nhasi vane pfungwa yokungoda kukunda chete, asi vazhinji ndozvavari. Kushamwaridzana navo kuchatibatsira here kuita zvinorayirwa neMagwaro ‘zvokusaita chinhu nokukakavara kana kuzvikudza, asi nepfungwa dzinozvidukupisa?’ Kana kuti ushamwari hwakadaro hahuzogumi here no“kuvengana, kukakavadzana, godo, kufufutirwa nokutsamwa, kukakavara, kupesana, mapoka”?—VaFiripi 2:3; VaGaratiya 5:19-21.

Mumitambo yakawanda yemazuva ano inotambwa muchigunzvana mune mukana wokuita zvechisimba. Chero ani zvake anofarira mitambo yakadaro anofanira kuyeuka mashoko ePisarema 11:5, anoti: “Jehovha unoidza vakarurama; asi mweya wake unovenga wakaipa nounomanikidza.”

Kurovedza muviri kana kuchiitwa zvakanaka kunogona kunakidza, uye muapostora Pauro akatoti “kurovedza muviri kunobetsera zvishoma.” (1 Timoti 4:7-10) Asi paakataura nezvemitambo yechiGiriki, Pauro akangotaura nezvayo kuti angoratidza kukosha kwokuti vaKristu vave nounhu hwakadai sokuzvidzora nokutsungirira. Chinhu chainyanya kudiwa naPauro kupfuura zvimwe zvose, kwaiva kuwana “korona” inopiwa naMwari youpenyu husingaperi. (1 VaKorinde 9:24-27; 1 Timoti 6:12) Pakuita kudaro, akatisiyira muenzaniso.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 31]

Mutambi Wetsiva Achizorora

Mufananidzo uyu webronze womuzana remakore rechina B.C.E., unoratidza kukuvadza kwaiita tsiva yekare iyo maererano neshoo yokuRoma, mashoko, okuti “kuramba kukundwa kwomurwi . . . ainge achirwa zvinonetesa, mukurwa kwe‘ronda nokuda kweronda,’ airumbidzwa somuenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo.” “Zviratidzo zvokurwa kuchangopera zvinowedzera kune mavanga ekare,” inodaro rondedzero yacho.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 29]

Mujaho wengoro ndiwo waiva wemberi pamakwikwi ekare

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 30]

Vanyori vemifananidzo vekare vaifungidzira Nike, mwarikadzi worukundo aiva nemapapiro, achipfekedza korona munhu ainge akunda