“Mufambi” Ane Chivindi “Nechinangwa cheEvhangeri”

ZVINONZI paakanga ava nemakore 18, George Borrow akanga ava kuziva mitauro 12. Makore maviri gare gare, akakwanisa kushandura “nyore nyore uye zvakaisvonaka” ndimi 20.

Muna 1833 murume uyu aiva nechipo chaishamisa akadaidzwa kuti abvunzurudzwe neBritish and Foreign Bible Society muLondon, kuEngland. Asingakwanisi kuzvibhadharira mari yokufambisa asi akatsunga kushandisa zvakanaka mukana uyu wakanaka, Borrow uyo akanga ava nemakore 30 akafamba makiromita 180 kubva mumusha wake muNorwich, achiita izvi mumaawa 28 bedzi.

Bible Society yakamupa basa rakaoma—rokuti mumwedzi mitanhatu adzidze mutauro weManchu, waitaurwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo muChina. Akakumbira bhuku regirama, asi chavakangomupa bedzi yaiva kopi yeEvhangeri yaMateu muchiManchu, uye duramazwi rechiManchu nechiFrench. Asi, muvhiki dzinongokwana 19 chete akanyorera kuLondon, achiti “Ndava kugona chiManchu,” sokutaura kwaakaita, “nokubatsira kwaMwari.” Kubudirira kuita izvi kwaitoshamisa zvikuru nokuti panguva iyoyowo, aiti aigadzirisa Evhangeri yaRuka muchiNahuatl, mumwe wemitauro wezvizvarwa zvomuMexico.

Bhaibheri muchiManchu

Muzana remakore rechi17, apo chiManchu chakatanga kunyorwa, pachishandiswa manyoro akakweretwa kuMongolian Uighur, chakava mutauro waishandiswa nehurumende yeChina. Kunyange zvazvo nokufamba kwenguva chisina kuzonyanya kushandiswa, veBritish and Foreign Bible Society vaida chaizvo kudhinda uye kuparadzira maBhaibheri muchiManchu. Pakazosvika 1822 vakanga vatsigira nemari yokubudiswa kwemakopi 550 eEvhangeri yaMateu, akashandurwa naStepan V. Lipoftsoff. Aishandira Russian Foreign Office uye akanga ambogara muChina kwemakore 20. Evhangeri yaMateu yakadhindwa muSt. Petersburg, asi pashure pokunge makopi mashomanana bedzi aparadzirwa, akanga asara akaparadzwa nemafashamo.

Nenguva isipi Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki ose zvawo akashandurwa. Muna 1834 kuwanikwa kwemanyoro ekare akawanda eMagwaro echiHebheru kwakaita kuti Bhaibheri rinyanye kufarirwa. Ndiani aizotungamirira kudzokororwa kweBhaibheri rechiManchu raivapo uye kupedzisa zvakanga zvasara kushandurwa? British and Foreign Bible Society yakatuma George Borrow kuti avaitire basa iri.

Kuenda kuRussia

Asvika muSt. Petersburg, Borrow akapedza nguva yakawanda zvikuru achidzidza chiManchu kuitira kuti averenge uye aongorore achigadzirisa ndima dzeBhaibheri zvakanyatsorurama.  Kunyange zvakadaro, basa racho rainetesa, uye aishanda maawa 13 zuva roga roga achibatsira kunyora mabhii aigadzirwa nesimbi nokuda kweTestamende Itsva, iyo yakazorondedzerwa se“bhuku rakaisvonaka rokumabvazuva.” Makopi anosvika chiuru akadhindwa muna 1835. Asi zvaivavarirwa naBorrow muurongwa hwake zvokuaendesa kuChina uye kuaparadzira ikoko zvakavhiringidzwa. Hurumende yeRussia, ichitya kuti izvi zvaizoonekwa sourongwa hwakanga hwatangwa nomumishinari zvichida hwaizokanganisa ukama hwoushamwari hwayaiva nahwo nenyika yayakavakidzana nayo, yakaramba kupa Borrow mvumo yokuenda kumuganhu weChina kana aizotakura “Bhaibheri rimwe chete rechiManchu.”

Makopi mashomanana akaparadzirwa makore gumi gare gare, uye shanduro dzeEvhangeri yaMateu naMako, dzaiva nemakoramu ane chiManchu nechiChina, dzakaoneka muna 1859. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, vanhu vakawanda vaigona kuverenga chiManchu vaifarira kuverenga chiChina, uye tarisiro yokuva neBhaibheri rakakwana muchiManchu yakatanga kuderera. Chaizvoizvo, chiManchu wakanga wava mutauro wakanga wotsakatika, nenguva isipi waizotsiviwa nechiChina. Kuchinja uku kwakazoitika zvakakwana muna 1912 apo China yakatanga kuzvitonga.

Iberian Peninsula

Akurudzirwa nezvakanga zvaitika kwaari, George Borrow akadzokera kuLondon. Akapiwa rimwe basa muna 1835 kuti aende kuPortugal nokuSpain, “kuti anoongorora kuti vanhu veko vakanga vakagadzirira pfungwa dzavo zvakadini kugamuchira chokwadi chechiKristu,” sokutaura kwaakazoita. Panguva iyoyo nyika dzacho dzose dzakanga dzisina kumboitirwa chimwe chinhu neBritish and Foreign Bible Society pamusana pokusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika nekwenzanga kwakanga kwakapararira. Borrow akafara kutaura nezveBhaibheri kuvanhu vaiva mumaruwa ePortugal, asi nenguva isipi, kuvengwa nechitendero uye kusafarirwa kwaakaitwa ikoko kwakaita kuti aende kuSpain.

KuSpain akawana chinetso chakasiyana, zvikurukuru kubva kuvanhu vaitaura chiGypsy avo vaakanga akurumidza kushamwaridzana navo sezvo aigona kutaura mutauro wavo. Nguva pfupi asvika, akatanga kushandura “Testamende Itsva” muchiSpanish chaitaurwa nevaGypsy, chiGitano. Paaiita basa iri akakumbira vakadzi vaviri vechiGypsy kuti vamubatsire. Aivaverengera shanduro yechiSpanish obva avakumbira kuti vamushandurire. Nenzira iyi akakwanisa kudzidza kushandiswa kwakarurama kwemadimikira evaGypsy. Somugumisiro wezvakaitwa izvi, Evhangeri yaRuka yakabudiswa muchirimo cha1838, zvichiita kuti mumwe bhishopi ati: “Achatendeutsa Spain yose achishandisa mutauro wechigypsy.”

George Borrow akanga abvumirwa kutsvaka “munhu anokwanisa kushandura Magwaro muchiBasque.” Basa iroro rakapiwa Dr. Oteiza, mumwe chiremba “ainyatsoziva mutauro iwoyo, uyo wandaizivawo zvishoma,” akanyora kudaro Borrow. Muna 1838, Evhangeri yaRuka yakava bhuku reBhaibheri rokutanga kuwanika muchiSpanish Basque.

 Achinzwa manyukunyuku okuda kuita kuti vanhuwo zvavo vajekerwe, Borrow akaita nzendo refu dzaiva nengozi kuti aparadzire mabhuku eBhaibheri kuvarombo vaiva kumaruwa. Akafunga kuvasunungura pakusaziva kwechitendero uye pamashura. Somuenzaniso, achifumura kusakosha kwetsamba dzokukanganwirwa zvivi dzavaitenga, aiti: “Zvinobvira here kuti Mwari akanaka abvumire kutengeswa kwechivi?” Asi Bible Society, ichitya kuti kurwisa kwakadaro zvinhu zvakanga zvichidavirwa kwaizoita kuti mabasa aya ose arambidzwe, yakamurayira kuti angoparadzira Magwaro.

Borrow akawana mvumo yaakaitwa zvokuudzwa nomuromo yokudhindha El Nuevo Testamento, Testamende Itsva, yechiSpanish, isina mashoko ayo edzidziso dzeRoma Katurike. Akaiwana pasinei nokumboshora kwakaita mutungamiriri wehurumende, uyo akanga arondedzera shanduro yacho seine ngozi uye se“bhuku risina kukodzera.” Borrow akabva avhura chitoro muMadrid kuti atengese Testamende Itsva yechiSpanish iyi, inova ndiyo nhanho yakaita kuti anetsane nevatungamiriri vezvitendero uye zviremera zvehurumende. Akapfigirwa mujeri kwemazuva 12. Paakanyunyuta, Borrow akakumbirwa kubuda chinyararire. Achinyatsoziva kuti kuiswa kwake mujeri kwakanga kusiri kwepamutemo, akataura nezvomuenzaniso womuapostora Pauro ndokusarudza kuramba arimo kusvikira anzi haana mhosva, pasina chinosvibisa zita rake.—Mabasa 16:37.

Nenguva yakazobva mumiririri wayo aishingaira kuSpain muna 1840, Bible Society yaigona kuti: “Makopi anoda kusvika 14 000 eMagwaro akaparadzirwa muSpain mumakore mashanu apfuura.” Zvaakanga aita basa guru iri, Borrow akagumisa zvaakasangana nazvo kuSpain achizviti “ndiwo makore akandifadza chaizvo muupenyu hwangu hwose.”

The Bible in Spain, iro rakatanga kubudiswa muna 1842—uye richiri kudhindwa—inhoroondo yakajeka yaGeorge Borrow pachake yenzendo dzaakaita uye zvaakasangana nazvo. Mubhuku iri, iro rakabva rangobudirira, akazviti “mufambi nechinangwa cheEvhangeri.” Akanyora kuti: “Ndaida kushanyira nzvimbo dzaiva kure uye dzakaparadzana nedzimwe dzaiva muzvikomo nemakomo akaita rumwe rumwe, uye kutaura nevanhu, ndichitevedzera zvakaita Kristu.”

Mukuparadzira nokushandura Magwaro nechido chakadaro, George Borrow akavhurira vamwe nzira—chokwadi yaiva ropafadzo chaiyo.

[Mepu iri papeji 29]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Zvakaitwa naGeorge Borrow kushandura uye kuparadzira Bhaibheri zvakamuita kuti abve (1) England oenda (2) kuRussia, (3) Portugal, uye (4) kuSpain

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Mashoko okutanga eEvhangeri yaJohani muchiManchu, yakadhindwa muna 1835, kuverenga tichibva kumusoro tichienda pasi uye tichibva kuruboshwe tichienda kurudyi

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Bible of Every Land, 1860

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 27]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Life of George Borrow naClement K. Shorter, 1919