Zvigayo Zvinotiwanisa Zvokudya

SADZA rave richinzi ndiwo musimboti woupenyu, ndiro chinhu chikuru pane zvokudya zvose, kubvira makarekare ndiro rave richitsigira upenyu. Chokwadi, kubvira makarekare, sadza ndiro rave riri chokudya chikuru. Kutaura zvazviri, chinhu chave chichinyanya kudiwa nevanhu kwave kuri kuwana zvokudya zvavo zvezuva nezuva.

Chinhu chikuru chinobikiswa sadza upfu, hunobva muzviyo zvinenge zvagayiwa. Saka unyanzvi hwokugaya hwakabvira kare. Zvapakanga pasina michina yaishandisika nyore nyore, zvinofanira kunge zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kugaya zviyo kuzviita upfu! Munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri, kunzwika kwehuyo kwairatidza kuti zvinhu zvakanaka, pane rugare, uye kusanzwika kwayo kwairatidza kuti nzvimbo yava dongo.—Jeremia 25:10, 11.

Kugaya kwaisanganisirei mumakore ose apfuura? Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira nezvishandiso zvave zvichishandiswa pakuita basa iri? Uye zvigayo zvorudzii zvinokuwanisa zvokudya zvako nhasi?

Nei Zvichidiwa?

Kuvanhu vaviri vokutanga, Adhamu naEvha, Jehovha akati: “Tarirai, ndakakupai miriwo yose inobereka mbeu, iri panyika yose, nemiti yose ine michero yemiti inobereka mbeu, kuti zvive zvokudya zvenyu.” (Genesi 1:29) Pane zvokudya zvakapiwa vanhu naJehovha Mwari paiva nembeu dzezviyo. Zvokudya izvi zvaikosha kuti vanhu vararame, sezvo zviyo zvose—kusanganisira gorosi, bhari, rye, oats, mupunga, mapfunde, mhunga, uye chibage—zviine makabhohaidhiretsi ane sitachi inogona kuchinjwa nomuviri kubudisa shuga inonzi glucose—inopa simba rakawanda.

Zvisinei, miviri yevanhu haikwanisi kugaya zviyo zvisina kugayiwa. Vanhu vanogona kuzvidya nyore nyore kana zvagayiwa kuva upfu zvobva zvabikwa. Imwe nzira iri nyore zvikuru yokugaya nayo zviyo zvakati wandei ndeyokuzvidzvura muduri, kuzvikuya neguyo nehuyo, kana kushandisa nzira dzacho dzose.

Zvigayo Zvinoshandiswa Nemaoko

Zvifananidzo zviduku zviri pamakuva ekare okuIjipiti zvinoratidza kushandiswa kweimwe mhando yekare yechigayo chezviyo, chairatidzika sechisharo. Chigayo ichi chaiva chematombo maviri—dombo rinonzi guyo rakada kuti dzikirei nechepakati ndiro raiiswa pasi, uye dombo duku rinonzi huyo raiiswa pamusoro. Mushandi wacho—aiwanzova mukadzi—aipfugama shure kweguyo obata huyo nemaoko ake. Aibva akuya nesimba rake rose zviyo zvinenge zviri paguyo. Chokwadi chigayo ichi chaiva nyore asi chaishanda kwazvo!

Zvisinei, kupfugama kwemaawa akawanda kwaikuvadza muviri. Kukuya kusvika kwakaperera guyo racho kwaikuvadza zvikuru musana, maoko, zvidya, mabvi, uye zvigunwe zvomushandi wacho. Kuongorora kwakaitwa mapfupa akanga asina kutsarukana emarangwanda  okuSiriya yekare kwakaita kuti vaongorori vemapfupa vagumise kuti kushandiswa kwemakuyo akadaro ndiko kwaikonzera kuti vakadzi vechiduku vakuvare nokungogara vachiita chinhu chimwe chete—mapfupa akameduka emabvi, kunoperera muzongoza kwakakuvara, uye chirwere chakakomba chemapfupa echigunwe chikuru. MuIjipiti yekare, zvinoita sokuti kushandisa chigayo chemaoko ichi ibasa rainyanya kuitwa nevashandi vechikadzi. (Eksodho 11:5) * Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti vaIsraeri pavakabuda muIjipiti, makuyo ndiwo rudzi rwezvigayo zvavakaenda nazvo.

Matombo acho ose akazoitwa kuti arege kutsvedzerera kuitira kuti ashandisike zvakanaka. Kugadzira buri rakaita sefanera pahuyo yacho kwaiita kuti mukuyi akwanise kuisa zviyo, izvo zvaizongoenda paguyo zvoga. Muzana remakore rechina kana kuti rechishanu B.C.E., Girisi yakagadzira muchina wokugaya waiva nyore kushandisa. Chimuti chokubatisa chakachinjika chairovererwa pabango, chosungirwa huyo kumucheto. Kutenderedza rimwe divi racho rechibatiso zvishoma chichienda mberi neshure kwaiita kuti huyo yacho ikuye paguyo.

Zvigayo zvose zvataurwa zvakanga zviine dambudziko guru. Hapana mhuka yaigona kudzidziswa kukuya saizvozvo. Saka, zvigayo izvi zvaingoshanda nesimba revanhu chete. Uzivi hutsva hwesayenzi hwakabva hwaunza chimwe chinhu—chigayo chinotenderera. Saka mhuka dzakanga dzava kugona kushandiswa.

Zvigayo Zvinotenderera Zvinorerutsa Basa

Kunyange zvazvo vanotaura vachisiyana-siyana, chigayo chezviyo chinotenderera chakagadzirwa nevenyika dzokuMediterranean munenge muzana remakore rechipiri B.C.E. Pakazosvika zana remakore rokutanga C.E., vaJudha muParesitina vakanga vava kuziva chigayo ichi, nokuti Jesu akataura nezve“guyo rakadai serinotenderedzwa nembongoro.”—Mako 9:42.

Chigayo chinotenderedzwa nemhuka chaishandiswa muRoma uye munzvimbo zhinji dzoUmambo hweRoma. Zvigayo zvakawanda zvakadaro zvichiripo muPompeii. Zvine huyo inorema inoratidzika somudziyo wokuyera nguva wakaita sefanera uye guyo rine gomba. Huyo zvayaitenderera paguyo, tsanga dzezviyo dzaidururwa pakati pazvo dzogayiwa. Matombo achiripo emhando idzi akakura zvakasiyana-siyana ane upamhi hwemasendimita anobvira pa45 kusvika ku90. Zvigayo izvi zvaiva zvakakwirira masendimita anenge 180.

Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti zvigayo zvakareruka zvinotenderedzwa nemaoko ndizvo here zvakatanga kana kuti zvinotenderedzwa nemhuka. Chero zvazviri, chigayo chaitenderedzwa nemaoko chaiva chakanakira kuti chaitakurika uye chaiva nyore kushandisa. Chaiva nematombo maviri akatenderera zvichida aine upamhi hwemasendimita 30 kusvika ku40. Guyo racho rainge riine gomba uye huyo yakatundumara kuitira kuti zvipindirane. Huyo yaitsigiswa nechimuti chaiva pakati uye yaitenderedzwa nomubato wechimuti. Kazhinji kacho vakadzi vaviri vaigara vakatarisana, mumwe nomumwe akabata mubato wacho noruoko rumwe kuti vatenderedze huyo. (Ruka 17:35) Noruoko rwake rusina kubata mubato, mumwe mukadzi wacho aidira zviyo zvishoma nezvishoma paburi rinenge riri pahuyo, uye mumwe mukadzi wacho achiunganidza upfu sezvahwaiduruka huchibva pamucheto weguyo huchienda mutireyi kana pajira raiwaridzwa pasi paro. Chigayo chemhando iyi ndicho chaikodzera  masoja, vaifamba nomumvura, kana mhuri duku dzaigara kure nezvigayo.

Zvigayo Zvaishanda Nemvura Kana Mhepo

Munenge muna 27 B.C.E., injiniya wokuRoma, Vitruvius akarondedzera chimwe chigayo chaishanda nemvura chomunguva yake. Mvura yaiyerera yainosunda pamarata evhiri rakasungirirwa paekisero yakachinjika, zvichiita kuti vhiri ritenderere. Magiya aizoendesa simba raibuda apa kusimbi inenge yakamira. Simbi iyi yaizotenderedzawo huyo huru.

Chigayo chaishanda nemvura chaigaya zvakawanda sei kana chichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvigayo? Zvigayo zvemaoko zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvaigaya makirogiramu ezviyo aiva pasi pe10 paawa, uye zvigayo zvaitombova nani zvaishanda nemhuka, zvaiita makirogiramu 50. Ukuwo chigayo chemvura chaVitruvius chaigona kugaya makirogiramu 150 kusvika ku200 paawa. Pachishandiswa nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakanatsiridzwa, mitemo yakarondedzerwa naVitruvius ndiyo yakaramba ichishandiswa nevaigona kugadzira zvigayo kwemazana emakore akazotevera.

Mvura inoyerera yakanga isiri iyo chete yaikwanisa kutenderedza huyo. Dai mavhiri anotenderedzwa nemvura aizotsiviwa nemaseiri ehwindimiri, zvaingoita zvakafanana. Hwindimiri dzinoshanda nemhepo dzakatanga kushandiswa muEurope zvichida muzana remakore rechi12 C.E. uye dzaishandiswa chaizvo pakugaya, muBelgium, Germany, Holland, uye mune dzimwewo nzvimbo. Ndidzo dzaishandiswa kutozosvikira zvigayo zvinoshanda neutsi hwemvura nezvinoshandisawo rimwewo simba zvazoita kuti zviya zvaimboshandiswa zvirege kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma.

‘Zvokudya Zvedu Zvanhasi’

Pasinei nokufambira mberi, dzimwe nzira dzekare dzokugaya dzichiri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Duri nomutswi zvichiri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica uye dzokuOceania. MuMexico uye kuCentral America, guyo nehuyo zvinoshandiswa kukuya chibage kuti vabike chingwa chinonzi tortillas. Uye zvigayo zvinoverengeka zvinoshanda nemvura nemhepo zvichiri kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.

Zvisinei upfu hwakawanda hunoshandiswa kubika zvokudya munyika dzakasimukira nhasi, hunogayiwa nezvigayo zvakanyatsogadzirwa zvinongotenderera zvoga. Tsanga dzezviyo dzinogayiwa kuva upfu sezvadzinopfuura nomuhuyo dzesimbi dzinotevedzana dzine mazino, dzinenge dzichitenderera nesipidhi yakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave noupfu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvisingadyi mari yakawanda.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti kuwana upfu hwokubikisa hakuchanyanyi kunetesa sezvakwaimboita. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinogona kuonga Musiki wedu nokutipa zviyo uye uchenjeri hwokuzvichinja kuva ‘zvokudya zvedu zvanhasi.’—Mateu 6:11.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

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