Nyaya Youpenyu

Kunyange Zvazvo Ndisina Simba, Ndine Simba

YAKATAURWA NALEOPOLD ENGLEITNER

Mukuru mukuru weSS akabudisa pfuti yake, akainongedzera mumusoro mangu, ndokubva abvunza kuti: “Wagadzirira kufa here? Ndava kukupfura nokuti haubatsiri chinhu.” “Ndagadzirira,” ndakadaro, ndichiedza kuita kuti inzwi rangu rirambe rakagadzikana. Ndakazvishingisa, ndakavhara maziso angu, uye ndakamirira kuti apfure, asi hapana chakaitika. “Wakapusa zvokutoshinga kufa!” akazhambatata achidaro, achibvisa pfuti yacho mumusoro mangu. Ndakasvika sei pakuva mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi akadaro?

NDAKABEREKWA musi waJuly 23, 1905, mutaundi rinonzi Aigen-Voglhub nechepakati peAustrian Alps. Ndaiva mwanakomana mukuru womumwe mushandi womufekitari yemapuranga uye amai vangu vaiva mwanasikana womurimi womunharaunda iyi. Vabereki vangu vaiva varombo asi vaishanda nesimba. Ndichiri muduku ndaigara mutaundi reBad Ischl, pedyo neSalzburg, pakati pemadziva akaisvonaka uye makomo anoyevedza.

Ndichiri mwana, ndaiwanzofunga nezvokusaruramisira kuri muupenyu, kwete nokuti chete mhuri yangu yaiva nourombo asiwo nokuti ndainetseka nomuzongoza wangu wandakaberekwa wakakombama. Kurwadza kwomusana kwaikonzerwa nedambudziko iri kwaiita kuti zvindiomere kumira ndakati twasa. Pachikoro, ndakarambidzwa kuitawo zvokurovedza muviri saka izvi zvakaita kuti ndisekwe nevandaidzidza navo.

Pakapera Hondo Yenyika I, ndava kuda kusvitsa makore 14, ndakasarudza kuti ndaifanira kutsvaka basa kuitira kuti ndirege kuramba ndiri murombo. Ndaigara ndichifa nenzara, uye ndaipedzwa simba nokupisa muviri kwaikonzerwa  nefuruwenza yeSpain, iyo yakanga yatoendesa mamiriyoni kwamupfiga nebwe. “Ibasa rei ratingapa ndonda yakaita sewe?” ndizvo zvaitaurwa nevarimi vakawanda pandaitsvaka basa. Zvisinei, mumwe murimi aiva nomutsa akandipa basa.

Kudzidza Nezvorudo rwaMwari

Kunyange zvazvo Amai vaiva muKaturike akazvipira, ndaisambonyanya kuenda kuchechi, nokuti baba vangu vakanga vasina basa nenyaya dzechitendero. Kana ndiri ini, ndainetseka nokunamatwa kwezvifananidzo, kwaiitwa zvikuru muChechi yeRoma Katurike.

Rimwe zuva muna October 1931, imwe shamwari yangu yakandikumbira kuti ndiende nayo kumusangano wechitendero waiitiswa neVadzidzi veBhaibheri, sokuzivikanwa kwaiitwa Zvapupu zvaJehovha mazuva iwayo. Tasvika ikoko, ndakapindurwa mibvunzo yangu inokosha pachishandiswa Bhaibheri, mibvunzo yakadai seyokuti: Kunamata zvifananidzo kunofadza Mwari here? (Eksodho 20:4, 5) Kune moto wehero here? (Muparidzi 9:5) Vakafa vachamutswa here?—Johani 5:28, 29.

Chakanyanya kundifadza ndechokuti Mwari haatenderi hondo dzevanhu dzinoteura ropa rakawanda, kunyange zvichinzi dzinorwiwa muzita Rake. Ndakaziva kuti “Mwari rudo” uye kuti ane zita guru, Jehovha. (1 Johani 4:8; Pisarema 83:18) Ndakafara kuziva kuti noUmambo hwaJehovha, vanhu vachakwanisa kurarama nokusingaperi vachifara muparadhiso yepasi pose. Ndakazivawo nezvetarisiro inoshamisa inogona kuwanikwa nevanhu vasina kukwana vakadanwa naMwari kuti vatonge pamwe naJesu muUmambo hwaMwari hwokudenga. Ndakanga ndakagadzirira kuita zvose zvandaigona nokuda kwoUmambo ihwohwo. Saka muna May 1932, ndakabhabhatidzwa ndokuva mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha. Danho iroro raida kushinga, pamusana pokuti muAustria yainzi ndeyevaKaturike makanga musingabvumirwi zvimwe zvitendero.

Kuzvidzwa uye Kushorwa

Vabereki vangu vakatsamwa kwazvo pandakabuda muchechi, uye mupristi akakurumidza kuparadzira mashoko acho ari pachikuva. Vavakidzani vaipfira mate vari pamberi pangu kuti varatidze kunyangadzwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, ndakanga ndakatsunga kuva mushumiri wenguva yakazara, uye ndakatanga kupayona muna January 1934.

Zvematongerwo enyika zvakaramba zvichioma nokuti kudzora kwebato reNazi kwakanga kuri kuwedzera mupurovhinzi yedu. Mazuva andaipayona muStyrian Valley of Enns, mapurisa akanga akasonana neni, uye ndaifanira ‘kuchenjera senyoka.’ (Mateu 10:16) Kubvira muna 1934 kusvikira muna 1938, ndaigara ndichitambudzwa. Kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndisingaendi kubasa, ndainyimwa mari yaipiwa vasingashandi, kakawanda ndakatongerwa kugara mujeri kwenguva pfupi uye kana ndakatongerwa nguva yakareba pamusana pebasa rangu rokuparidza.

Mauto aHitler Anopamba Austria

Muna March 1938, mauto aHitler akapinda muAustria nechisimba. Mumazuva mashomanana, vanhu vanodarika 90 000—zvinenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvevanhu vakuru vose—vakasungwa uye vakaendeswa kumajeri nemisasa yevasungwa, vachipomerwa kupikisa utongi hweNazi. Zvinoita sokuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakanga zvakagadzirira zvaizoitika. Muzhizha ra1937, nhengo dzomuungano yandakatanga kupinda nayo dzakafamba nemabhasikoro rwendo rwemakiromita 350 kuenda kuPrague kunopinda kokorodzano yemarudzi akawanda. Vasvika ikoko vakanzwa nezvoutsinye hwakanga huchiitirwa vatainamata navo kuGermany. Zvaiva pachena kuti iye zvino chakanga chava chijana chedu.

Kubvira zuva rakapinda mauto aHitler muAustria, misangano nebasa rokuparidza reZvapupu zvaJehovha zvakatanga kuitwa pachivande. Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku eBhaibheri akanga achipinzwa munyika nepamuganhu weSwitzerland kaverevere, akanga asingakwani vanhu vose. Saka vamwe vatainamata navo vaigara muVienna vaidhinda mabhuku pachivande. Ndaiwanzoshanda senhume, ndichiendesa mabhuku kuZvapupu.

 Kumusasa Wevasungwa

Musi waApril 4, 1939, ini nevamwe vaKristu vatatu takasungwa neGestapo patakanga tiri paChirangaridzo chorufu rwaKristu muBad Ischl. Tose takaendeswa nemotokari kumuzinda wemapurisa eHurumende muLinz. Aka kaiva kokutanga kukwira motokari, asi handina kunakidzwa nokuti ndakanga ndiri kunetseka. MuLinz, ndakaramba ndichibvunzurudzwa zvakasimba, asi handina kusiya kutenda kwangu. Kwapera mwedzi mishanu, ndakaendeswa pamberi pomutongi anoongorora muUpper Austria. Ndisingazvitarisiri, ndakasunungurwa pamhosva dzandaipomerwa; asi iwayo aisava magumo edambudziko rangu. Munguva iyi, vamwe vatatu vacho vakaendeswa kumisasa yevasungwa, kwavakanofira, vachiramba vakatendeka kusvikira pakuguma.

Ndakaramba ndiri muchitokisi, uye musi waOctober 5, 1939, ndakaudzwa kuti ndaizoendeswa kumusasa wevasungwa weBuchenwald kuGermany. Chitima chedu chakanga chakatimirira isu vasungwa pachiteshi chezvitima cheLinz. Matiroko acho aiva nemipanda inogara vanhu vaviri chete. Murume wandakagara naye mumupanda wandaiva ainzi Dr. Heinrich Gleissner, aimbova gavhuna weUpper Austria.

Ndakatanga kukurukurirana zvinonakidza naDr. Gleissner. Ainyatsoratidza kuva nehanya nemamiriro angu ezvinhu uye akashamiswa kuziva kuti kunyange panguva yaaiva gavhuna, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakasangana nezvinetso zvomumatare zvakawanda mupurovhinzi yake. Akataura achiratidza kuzvidemba achiti: “VaEngleitner, handigoni kuchinja zvakaipa zvakatoitika, asi ndinoda kukumbira ruregerero. Zvinoita sokuti hurumende yedu yakatadza kururamisira. Kana muchizoda kubatsirwa, ndichazoita zvose zvandinogona kuti ndikubatsirei.” Takazosangana zvekare hondo yapera. Akandibatsira kuwana mari yomudyandigere inopiwa nehurumende kuvanhu vakatambudzwa nevaNazi.

“Ndava Kukupfura”

Musi waOctober 9, 1939, ndakasvika pamusasa wevasungwa weBuchenwald. Ndichangosvika, murindiri wepajeri racho akaudzwa kuti pane Chapupu chaiva pakati pevakanga vachangobva kusvika, uye akabva ati nanga nanga neni. Akandirova zvokurova zviya. Aona kuti aisakwanisa kuita kuti ndisiye kutenda kwangu, akati: “Ndava kukupfura, Engleitner. Asi ndisati ndakupfura, ndinoda kuti unyore tsamba yokuoneka vabereki vako.” Ndakafunga mashoko okunyaradza andaigona kunyorera vabereki vangu, asi pose pandaida kutanga kunyora, airova gokora rangu rorudyi, achiita kuti ndingotaratadza. Akazhambatata achiti: “Zibenzi romunhu! Harikwanisi kunyora kana mitsetse miviri yakati twasa. Asi izvozvo hazviiti kuti rirege kuverenga Bhaibheri, handizvo here?”

Zvadaro murindiri wacho akabudisa pfuti yake, akaiisa mumusoro mangu, akaita kuti ndifunge kuti akanga ava kutotekenya chikungiso, sezvandarondedzera patangira nyaya ino. Akazondisundidzira muchitokisi chiduku, chakanga chakazara nevanhu. Ndaitofanira kupedza  manheru ose ndakamira. Asi ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kurara, nokuti muviri wangu wose wairwadza. “Handingambofiri kachitendero kasina nebasa rose!” ndizvo chete zvaigona kutaurwa nevandaiva navo muchitokisi vachindi“nyaradza.” Dr. Gleissner aiva muchitokisi chepamberi. Akanzwa zvakanga zvaitika uye achiratidza kushushikana akati, “Kutambudzwa kwevaKristu kwatangazve!”

Muzhizha ra1940, vasungwa vose vakarayirwa kuenda kunoshanda kunzvimbo yaicherwa matombo musi weSvondo, kunyange zvazvo taisawanzoshanda misi yeSvondo. Rakanga riri danho rokupfidzisa vamwe vasungwa “vakanga vaita misikanzwa.” Takarayirwa kutakura matombo makuru kubva panzvimbo yacho tichienda nawo kumusasa. Vamwe vasungwa vaviri vakanga vachiedza kuisa zidombo ziguru kumusana kwangu, uye ndakapotsa ndadonha nokuremerwa naro. Zvisinei, Arthur Rödl, supavhaiza womusasa wacho aityiwa zvikuru, ndiye akazondibatsira zvandakanga ndisingatarisiri. Achiona kutambura kwandaiita kuti nditakure dombo racho, akati kwandiri: “Haumbofi wakasvika kumusasa nezidombo iroro riri kumusana kwako! Kurumidza kuriisa pasi!” Ndakafara zvikuru kuteerera zvaakataura. Ipapo Rödl akanongedza rimwe dombo duku, achiti: “Tora iro, uuye naro kumusasa. Riri nyore kutakura!” Pava paya, achitaura nasupavhaiza wedu akati: “Rega Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vadzokere kudzimba dzavo. Vashanda zvakakwana zvezuva rimwe!”

Pakupera kwezuva rimwe nerimwe rataishanda, ndaigara ndichifara kusonganirana nemhuri yangu mune zvokunamata. Taiva nourongwa hwokuparadzira zvokudya zvomudzimu. Hama yainyora ndima yeBhaibheri pachipepa uye yaichipawo vamwe. Pane Bhaibheri rakanga rapinzwa mumusasa wacho kaverevere. Rakadimburwa-dimburwa kuti bhuku rimwe nerimwe rizvimirire. Ndakanzi ndichengete bhuku raJobho kwemwedzi mitatu. Ndairiviga mumasokisi angu. Nhoroondo yaJobho yakandibatsira kuti ndirambe ndakatsiga.

Pakupedzisira, musi waMarch 7, 1941, ndakabatana negurusvusvu revanhu vakatamisirwa kumusasa wevasungwa weNiederhagen. Utano hwangu hwakanga huchingoipa zuva nezuva. Rimwe zuva, ini nedzimwe hama mbiri takanzi tironge maturusi mumabhokisi. Tapedza, takadzokera kudzimba pamwe chete nerimwe boka revasungwa. Mumwe murume weboka reSS akaona kuti ndakanga ndiri kusarira kumashure. Akatsamwa zvikuru zvokuti akandibanha nechokumashure asina chaambotaura, achindikuvadza zvakakomba. Ndakarwadziwa zvikuru, asi pasinei nokurwadziwa kwacho zuva rakatevera ndakaenda kubasa.

Kusunungurwa Zvisingatarisirwi

Muna April 1943, musasa weNiederhagen wakazosara usina vanhu. Zvadaro, ndakatamisirwa kumusasa waiurayirwa vasungwa muRavensbrück. Muna June 1943, ndisingatarisiri, ndakapiwa mukana wokubudiswa mumusasa wacho wevasungwa. Panguva ino, ndaisafanira kusiya kutenda kwangu kuti ndisunungurwe. Ndaifanira kubvuma kuita basa rokumanikidzwa papurazi  kwoupenyu hwangu hwose. Ndaida kuita izvozvo kuti ndisiyane nematambudziko omumusasa. Ndakaenda kuna chiremba wepamusasa wacho kuti ndiongororwe kokupedzisira. Chiremba wacho akashamisika kundiona. “Iwe, uchiri mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha!” akazhambatata achidaro. “Ndizvozvo, Chiremba,” ndakapindura kudaro. “Kana zvakadaro handioni chikonzero chokuti tikubudise. Asiwo, zvinganaka chaizvo kana tikauraya chindonda chakaita sewe.”

Haana kuwedzerera pane zvaakataura. Utano hwangu hwakanga hwaipa zvisingaiti. Ganda rangu rakanga radyiwa-dyiwa neinda, kurohwa kwakaita kuti imwe nzeve yangu isanzwa, uye muviri wangu wose wakanga wakazara nemaronda aiva nourwa. Pashure pemakore 46 okutambura, nzara isingaperi, uye basa rokumanikidzwa, ndakanga ndava kurema makirogiramu 28 chete. Ndiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ndakabudiswa muRavensbrück musi waJuly 15, 1943.

Ndakadzorerwa kutaundi randakakurira nechitima ndisina murindi aindiperekedza, uye ndakaenda kudzimbahwe reGestapo muLinz. Mukuru mukuru weGestapo akandipa mapepa okubudiswa kwangu uye akandinyevera kuti: “Kana uchifunga kuti tiri kukubudisa kuitira kuti urambe uchiita basa renyu pachivande, wakarasika! Mwari ngaatokubatsira zvake kana tikakubata uchiparidza.”

Pakupedzisira ndakanga ndadzoka kumba! Amai hapana chavakanga vambochinja mukamuri rangu kubvira pandakatanga kusungwa, musi waApril 4, 1939. Kunyange Bhaibheri rangu rakanga richakangovhurika riri patafura yaiva parutivi pomubhedha wangu! Ndakapfugama ndichibva ndapa munyengetero wokuonga nomwoyo wose.

Ndakabva ndapiwa basa rokushanda parimwe purazi raiva mugomo. Muridzi waro aiva imwe shamwari yandakakura nayo, aitondibhadhara zvishoma, nyange zvazvo akanga asingamanikidzwi kuita kudaro. Hondo isati yatanga, shamwari yangu iyi yakanga yandipa mvumo yokuviga mabhuku eBhaibheri papurazi rayo. Ndakafara kushandisa zvakanaka nzvimbo yokuchengetera mabhuku iyi kuti ndiwane simba mune zvokunamata. Zvandaida zvose zvakagutswa, uye ndakanga ndakatsunga kutsungirira kusvikira hondo yapera ndiri papurazi iri.

Kuvanda Mumakomo

Zvisinei, mazuva iwayo orunyararo nokusununguka akakurumidza kupera. Pakati paAugust 1943, ndakarayirwa kuenda kunoona chiremba wemauto kuti ndiongororwe utano hwangu. Pakutanga, akati ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kupinda mubasa rechiuto nemhaka yomusana wangu wakanga usina kusimba. Zvisinei, kwapera vhiki chiremba iyeye akachinja zvaakanga ambotaura kuti zviti: “Akakodzera kuita basa rechiuto kunopisa hondo chaiko.” Masoja akatadza kundiwana kwenguva yakati, asi musi waApril 17, 1945, hondo yava kuda kupera, vakandiwana. Ndakapinzwa muchiuto kuti ndinorwa kwakanga kuchipisa hondo.

Ndiine zvokudya zvishomanana neBhaibheri, ndakanogara mumakomo aiva pedyo. Pakutanga, ndaikwanisa kurara panze, asi mamiriro okunze akachinja achibva aipa chaizvo, uye kwakanaya sinou yaisvika hafu yemita. Ndakasara ndati nyakata. Ndakakwanisa kusvika paiva nekamba kemapango kaiva mugomo mamita 1 200 pamwero wegungwa. Ndichibvunda, ndakavesa moto pachoto chaivamo, ndakazvidziyisa uye ndakaomesa mbatya dzangu. Ndaneta, ndakarara pabhenji raiva pamberi pechoto. Nenguva isipi, ndakangoerekana ndamutswa nokurwadziwa kukuru kwandakanga ndava kunzwa. Mbatya dzangu dzakanga dzabatira moto! Ndakaumburuka kuti moto wacho udzime. Musana wangu wose wakazara maronda.

 Ndichizviisa mungozi yokubatwa, ndakakwanisa kuverevedza ndichipinda papurazi romugomo zuva risati rabuda, asi mudzimai womuridzi wepurazi akanga achitya zvikuru zvokuti akanditi ndiende zvangu, achindiudza kuti ndakanga ndiri kutsvakwa nemaziso matsvuku. Saka ndakaenda kuvabereki vangu. Pakutanga, kunyange vabereki vangu vaitotya kugara neni, asi vakapedzisira vabvuma kuti ndirare pavaichengetera chikafu chezvipfuyo, uye Amai vakageza maronda angu. Zvisinei, pashure pemazuva maviri, vabereki vangu vakanga vasisina kugadzikana zvokuti ndakaronga kuti zvaizova zvakanaka kuti ndivande mumakomo zvakare.

Musi waMay 5, 1945, ndakamutswa noruzha rukuru. Ndakaona ndege dzeMauto Omubatanidzwa dzichibhururuka dziri nechepasi pasi. Panguva iyoyo, ndakabva ndaziva kuti hurumende yaHitler yakanga yabviswa pachigaro! Mudzimu waJehovha wakanga wandisimbisa kuti nditsungirire dambudziko risingatauriki. Ndakanga ndaona uchokwadi hwemashoko ari pana Pisarema 55:22, ayo akandinyaradza chaizvo pakatanga miedzo yangu. Ndakanga ‘ndakandira mutoro wangu pana Jehovha,’ uye kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndisina simba romuviri, akanga andichengetedza pandaifamba “mumupata womumvuri worufu.”—Pisarema 23:4.

Simba raJehovha Rinotwa Kuti “Rive Rakakwana Mukusava Nesimba”

Hondo yapera, upenyu hwakatangazve kudzoka pane zvazvakanga zvakaita zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakutanga, ndakashanda papurazi romugomo reshamwari yangu. Ndakazobvisirwa mutongo wokushanda papurazi ndisingabhadharwi kwoupenyu hwangu hwose pakapinda mauto eUnited States muna April 1946.

Pakapera hondo, hama dzechiKristu muBad Ischl nomuruwa rwakapoteredza dzakatanga kupinda misangano nguva dzose. Vakatanga kuparidza nechido chakasimba. Ndakawana basa rokuva murindiri wousiku pane imwe fekitari saka ndakakwanisa kuramba ndichipayona. Pakupedzisira, ndakazogara munharaunda inonzi St. Wolfgang, uye muna 1949, ndakaroora Theresia Kurz, aiva nomwana wake waakanga aita paakanga akamboroorwa. Taiva tose kwemakore 32 kusvikira mudzimai wangu wandaida afa muna 1981. Ndakanga ndamutarisira kwemakore anodarika manomwe.

Pashure pokunge Theresia ashayika, ndakatangazve basa rokupayona, iro rakandibatsira kukurira kunzwa ndarasikirwa kwandaiita. Pari zvino ndiri kushanda sapiyona uye mukuru muungano yandinopinda nayo iri muBad Ischl. Sezvo ndichigara ndiri muwiricheya, ndinogovera mabhuku eBhaibheri uye ndinotaura nevanhu nezvetariro yoUmambo mupaki yeBad Ischl kana kuti pagedhi repamba pangu. Hurukuro dzeBhaibheri dzandinova nadzo dzinoita kuti ndifare zvikuru.

Ndichitarira shure, ndinogona kutaura kuti zvakaitika zvinotyisa zvandakamanikidzwa kutsungirira hazvina kuita kuti nditsamwe. Chokwadi, pane nguva yandaimbonzwa ndaora mwoyo pamusana pemiedzo. Zvisinei, ukama hwangu hwepedyo naJehovha Mwari hwakandibatsira kuti ndikunde nguva idzodzo dzisina kunaka. Kurudziro yaShe kuna Pauro yokuti, “Simba rangu riri kuitwa kuti rive rakakwana mukusava nesimba” yakava yechokwadi muupenyu hwangu. Iye zvino, zvandava nemakore ava kutoda kusvika 100, ndinogona kutaura sezvakaita muapostora Pauro kuti: “Ndinofara nokusava nesimba, nokutukwa, nokushayiwa, nokutambudzwa nezvinetso, nokuda kwaKristu. Nokuti pandinenge ndisina simba, ndipo pandine simba.”—2 VaKorinde 12:9, 10.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 25]

Ndasungwa neGestapo, muna April 1939

Gwaro reGestapo raiva nenyaya dzandaipomerwa, muna May 1939

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Mifananidzo yose: Privatarchiv; B. Rammerstorfer

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Ndaivanda mumakomo aiva pedyo

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]

Foto Hofer, Bad Ischl, Austria