Akaedza Noushingi Kutsigira Bhaibheri

Akafira mubani rinotonhora kumabvazuva kweSiberia, apomerwa zvenhema uye azvidzwa. Vashomanana vanoyeuka kuti aiva mumwe wevanhu vaizivikanwa zvikuru mukufambisira mberi zvinhu zvine chokuita nokunamata kwevaGiriki vaainamata navo. Munhu uyu asina kukosheswa, aifamba achitsvakurudza ainzi Seraphim. Kuedza kwake noushingi kutsigira Bhaibheri kwakaita kuti aurayiwe.

SERAPHIM akararama panguva iyo Greece yaiva chikamu choUmambo hweTurkey. Maererano nenyanzvi yeGreek Orthodox George Metallinos, nguva iyoyo yaizivikanwa no“kushayikwa kwezvikoro zvakakodzera” uye no“kusadzidza kwevanhu vakawanda,” kwaitosanganisira vafundisi.

Paiva nokusiyana kwakakura pakati pechiKoine, chiGiriki (chinozivikanwa navose) uye chaitaurwa panguva iyoyo, nedzimwe ndimi dzakasiyana-siyana dzomutauro uyu. Kusiyana uku kwakazova pachena zvikuru zvokuti chiKoine, chakashandiswa pakunyora Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, chakanga chisingachanzwisiswi nevanhu vakanga vasina kudzidza. Mukukakavadzana kwakatevera, chechi yakasarudza kutsigira chiKoine chechiGiriki chakanga chisinganzwisisiki.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Stephanos Ioannis Pogonatus akaberekerwa mumhuri yaizivikanwa zvikuru pachitsuwa cheLesbos, kuGreece, munenge muna 1670. Urombo uye kusagona kuverenga nokunyora zvakanga zvakapararira pachitsuwa chacho. Kushayikwa kwezvikoro kwakaita kuti Stephanos awane dzidzo yake yokutanga mumusha waigara manani munharaunda yavo. Achiri muduku zvikuru, akagadzwa kuva mudhikoni weChechi yeGreek Orthodox uye akapiwa zita rokuti Seraphim.

Munenge muna 1693, kuda kuva nezivo kwakaita kuti Seraphim aende kuConstantinople (iye zvino yava kunzi Istanbul, kuTurkey). Nokufamba kwenguva, unyanzvi hwake hwakaita kuti vanhu vakakurumbira vomuGreece vamuremekedze. Pasina nguva, akatumirwa somumiririri wenyika kuna Czar Peter Mukuru wokuRussia nerimwe sangano repachivande renyika yeGreece. Rwendo rwokuenda kuMoscow nokudzoka rwakaita kuti Seraphim afambe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEurope, kwaakaona kuchinja kwezvechitendero nokwedzidzo. Muna 1698, Seraphim akaenda kuEngland kwaakazozivana nevamwe vanhu vanokosha kuLondon neOxford. Akasumwa kuna Bhishopi Mukuru weCanterbury, mutungamiriri weChechi yeAnglican, izvo zvaizokurumidza kubatsira Seraphim.

Kubudisa Bhaibheri

Paaiva kuEngland, Seraphim akagumisa kuti vaGiriki vaida chaizvo shanduro itsva, iri nyore kuverenga ye“Testamende Itsva” (Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki). Achishandisa shanduro yakanga yabudiswa nomumwe mumongi ainzi Maximus makore anodarika 50 akanga apfuura, Seraphim akatanga kubudisa shanduro itsva, yakanga isina zvikanganiso, yaiva nyore kunzwisisa. Akatanga kuita basa rake nomwoyo wose, asi pasina nguva akanga asisina mari. Zvinhu zvakaita sezvakanga zvoda kunaka Bhishopi Mukuru weCanterbury paakavimbisa kumubatsira nemari yaaida. Akurudzirwa norutsigiro rwakadaro, Seraphim  akatenga mapepa okudhindira uye akataurirana nekambani yokudhinda mabhuku.

Zvisinei, akangokwanisa kudhinda kusvika pakati peEvhangeri yaRuka chete. Zvadaro, kuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika muEngland kwakaita kuti Bhishopi Mukuru weCanterbury asaramba achimupa mari. Achiratidza kusava nehanya nazvo, Seraphim akatsvaka rubatsiro kune vanhu vakanga vakapfuma achibva akwanisa kubudisa shanduro yake yakadzokororwa muna 1703. Imwe yemari yacho yakabhadharwa nesangano rainzi Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

Shanduro yekare yaMaximus yaiva nemavhoriyamu maviri yakanga iine rugwaro rwechiGiriki chepakutanga. Yaiva hombe uye yairema. Shanduro yakadzokororwa yaSeraphim yakanga yakadhindwa nemabhii maduku, yaingova neshanduro yechiGiriki chemazuva ano, uye yaiva isina kukura uye isingadhuri.

Akaita Kuti Kukakavadzana Kuwedzere

“Chokwadi, Bhaibheri iri rakanga ragadziridzwa rakazadzisa zvinhu chaizvo zvaidiwa nevanhu,” inodaro nyanzvi inonzi George Metallinos. “Zvisinei, Seraphim akashandisa mukana wacho kurwisa boka revafundisi vaishora shanduro [dzeBhaibheri].” Vafundisi vacho vakagumbuka Seraphim paakataura mumashoko okutanga kuti akanga abudisa shanduro yake ‘achinyanya kuitira vamwe vapristi uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vechechi vakanga vasinganzwisisi [Koine] yechiGiriki, kuitira kuti vachibatsirwa noMudzimu Mutsvene, vagone kuverenga uye kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu murugwaro rwokutanga, kuti vagone kuudza vaKristuwo zvavo zvinoreva rugwaro rwacho.’ (The Translation of the Bible Into Modern Greek—During the 19th Century) Saka Seraphim akabatanidzwa zvikuru mugakava rokushandura Bhaibheri muChechi yeGreek Orthodox.

Kune rimwe divi kwaiva nevaya vaiziva kuti kufambira mberi kwevanhu pakunamata uye patsika kwaibva pakunzwisisa Bhaibheri. Vaifungawo kuti nhengo dzevafundisi dzaifanira kuvandudza zivo yadzo yeMagwaro. Uyezve, vatsigiri veshanduro yeBhaibheri vaidavira kuti chokwadi cheMagwaro chinogona kutaurwa chero mumitauro yose.—Zvakazarurwa 7:9.

Vaishora kushandurwa kweBhaibheri vakati kushandurwa kwaro kwose kwaizoshatisa zviri mariri zvoshayisa simba chiremera chechechi nezvokududzirwa kwaro uye dzidziso dzaro. Asi vainyanya kutya kuti vaPurotesitendi vaishandisa kushandurwa kweBhaibheri kuti vadenhe Chechi yeGreek Orthodox zvishoma nezvishoma. Vafundisi vakawanda vaifunga kuti vaifanira kushora zvipi nezvipi zvairatidza kunzwira tsitsi vaPurotesitendi, zvaisanganisira kuedza kuti Bhaibheri rinzwisiswe nevanhuwo zvavo. Saka kushandurwa kweBhaibheri kwakava nyaya huru pakukakavadzana kwevaPurotesitendi nevaOrthodox.

Kunyange zvazvo akanga asingadi kubuda muChechi yeOrthodox, Seraphim akafumura zvakasimba kusaziva uye rusaruro zvevafundisi vaimushora. Mumashoko okutanga ‘eTestamende yake Itsva,’ akanyora kuti: “MuKristu wose anotya Mwari anofanira kuverenga Bhaibheri Dzvene” kuitira kuti “ave mutevedzeri waKristu oteerera dzidziso” yake. Seraphim akataura kuti kurambidza kudzidzwa kweMagwaro kwaibva kuna Dhiyabhorosi.

Anoshorwa Zvakasimba

Bhaibheri raSeraphim parakasvika kuGreece, rakagumbura Chechi yeGreek Orthodox. Bhaibheri racho idzva rakarambidzwa. Rakapiswa, uye munhu wose aiva naro kana kuti airiverenga aityisidzirwa kuti aizodzingwa muchechi. Mufundisi mukuru ainzi Gabriel III akarambidza kuti Bhaibheri raSeraphim riparadzirwe, achitaura kuti rakanga risingadiwi uye risingabatsiri.

Kunyange zvazvo Seraphim akaramba aine tariro, akaona zvakakodzera kuti achenjerere. Pasinei nokurambidzwa zviri pamutemo nechechi, vafundisi vanoverengeka uye vanhuwo zvavo vakagamuchira Bhaibheri rake. Akabudirira zvikuru kuparadzira Bhaibheri racho. Asi, kurwisana kwake nevashori vakasimba kwakanga kuchigere kupera.

Mavambo Omugumo

Kunze kwokutsigira kuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri, Seraphim akabatanidzwa mumasangano  echimurenga uye ourudzi. Kuti arambe achiita izvi, akadzokera kuMoscow muzhizha ra1704. Seraphim akava shamwari yaPeter Mukuru yaaivimba nayo uye kwenguva yakati akava purofesa paRussian Royal Academy. Zvisinei, achinetseka nokuti chii chaizoitika kuBhaibheri rake, Seraphim akadzokera kuConstantinople muna 1705.

Pakudhindazve Bhaibheri rake gore iroro, Seraphim akabvisa mashoko okutanga aitsoropodza aiva mune rakatanga kudhindwa. Akawedzera mashoko okutanga akanga akanaka aikurudzira kuverenga Bhaibheri. Bhaibheri iri rakaparadzirwa zvikuru, uye hapana mashoko anoratidza kuti vafundisi havana kurifarira.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1714 Alexander Helladius, mumwe mufambi wechiGiriki uye mushori wokushandurwa kweBhaibheri, akakonzera nyonganyonga. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Status Præsens Ecclesiæ Græcæ (Zvakaita Chechi yeGiriki Mazuva Ano), akatsoropodza zvine utsinye vashanduri neshanduro dzacho dzeBhaibheri. Helladius akanyora chimwe chitsauko chose nezvaSeraphim, achimupomera mhosva yokuti aiva mbavha, aikorovhera, akanga asingagoni kuverenga nokunyora uye aiita uori hwakaipisisa. Pane zvose izvozvo zvaakapomerwa pane chaiva chechokwadi here? Munyori Stylianos Bairaktaris anotaura pfungwa dzinoremekedzwa dzedzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda paanoti Seraphim ‘mushandi uye munhu akavhenekerwa aifamba achitsvakurudza’ uyo akarwiswa nokuti aiva noruzivo rwaipfuura rwevanhu vomunguva yaakararama. Asi, bhuku raHelladius ndiro rakakonzera rufu rwairwadza zvikuru rwaSeraphim.

Akanyumwirwa

Pakazodzokera Seraphim kuRussia muna 1731, Peter Mukuru akanga afa. Naizvozvo mudhikoni wechiGiriki uyu akanga asisina aimudziviri- ra zviri pamutemo. Anna Ivanovna, Mamboka- dzi aitonga akanga akangwaririra zvikuru chinhu chero chipi zvacho chaigona kukonzera kusaga- dzikana muumambo hwake. Muna January 1732, muSt. Petersburg vanhu vaitaura ku- ti musori wokuGreece akanga ari kuita zvaipesana nezvaidiwa muumambo hwacho. Seraphim ndiye akanyumwirwa. Akasungwa ndokuendeswa kumusha wemamongi kuNevsky kuti anobvunzurudzwa. Kumusha wemamongi kwaiva nebhuku raHelladius raipomera Seraphim mhosva dzakasiyana-siyana. Pazvinhu zvitatu zvaakanyora achiratidza kuti chakanga chisiri chokwadi, mudhikoni wacho akaedza kuzvidzivirira pane zvaaipomerwa. Kubvunzurudza kwacho kwakatora inenge mwedzi mishanu, uye zvakanga zvakaoma kuti Seraphim azvidzivirire nokuti vamwe vaimunyumwira.

Sezvo pakanga pasina uchapupu chaihwo hwakapiwa pamusoro paSeraphim, haana kutongerwa rufu. Zvisinei, nemhaka yokupomera kwaHelladius, zviremera zvaizeza kusunungura Seraphim. Mudhikoni uyu wechiGiriki akatongerwa kuti agare ari nhapwa kuSiberia kwoupenyu hwose. Mutongo waiti kupomerwa kwacho kwaibva pamhosva dzaiva “munhoroondo yakabudiswa nomunyori wokuGreece, Helladius.” Muna July 1732, Seraphim akasvika kumabvazuva kweSiberia akasungwa necheni uye akakandwa mujeri rakakurumbira reOkhotsk.

Kwapera anenge makore matatu, Seraphim akafa, pasisina aimutsigira ndokukanganwika. Dzimwe nguva, zvisarudzo zvake uye nzira dzaaishandisa dzakanga dzisina kururama uye dzisina uchenjeri, asi shanduro yake ndeimwe yemaBhaibheri akawanda ava kuwanikwa muchiGiriki chemazuva ano. * Pakati padzo pane shanduro iri nyore kunzwisisa yeShanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro Matsvene, inowanikwawo mune mimwe mitauro inoverengeka. Tinogona kuonga kuti Jehovha Mwari akachengetedza Shoko rake kuitira kuti vanhu kwose kwose vawane mukana ‘wokusvika pakuva nezivo yakarurama pamusoro pechokwadi’!—1 Timoti 2:3, 4.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]

Peter Mukuru

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]

Mifananidzo: Courtesy American Bible Society