Chinhu Chisiri Bhaibheri Chinotaura Nezvevanhu Vanonzi Israeri

MUMIZIYAMU yokuCairo kuEgypt, mune dombo rakaoma kwazvo rakavezwa, rine mashoko okupemberera kukunda kwakaita Farao Merneptah. Maererano nokufungidzira kunoita dzimwe nyanzvi, mwanakomana uyu wechi13 waRamses II akatonga mumakore anenge ari pakati pa1212 na1202 B.C.E.—pakanga pava kupera nguva yokutonga kweVatongi vomuIsraeri yekare. Mitsetse miviri yokupedzisira yedombo racho raMerneptah, inoti: “Kenani yapambwa zvinhu zvayo zvose. Ashkeroni ratorwa, Geza ratapwa, [uye] Yano‘am raparadzwa zvachose. Israeri aparadzwa, vana vake hapachina.”

Shoko iri rokuti “Israeri” riri kurevei pano? Mumanyorero okuEgypt, mabhii anoratidza kuti chinhu chacho chii, aiwedzerwa pachiperengo kuratidza kuti mashoko acho aiva omumupanda upi. Bhuku rinonzi The Rise of Ancient Israel rinotsanangura kuti: “Mabhii akawedzerwa pamashoko acho matatu—Ashkeroni, Geza, uye Yanoam—anotiudza kuti aya maguta. . . . Zvisinei, mabhii akawedzerwa pashoko rokuti Israeri, anoshandisirwa vanhu.”—Ndisu tatsveyamisa mabhii.

Mashoko aya anokosha pakudii? Mumwe mupepeti wenhau nomunyori wemabhuku anonzi Hershel Shanks, anopindura kuti: “Dombo raMerneptah iri rinoratidza kuti vanhu vainzi Israeri vaivapo muna 1212 B.C.E. uye kuti Farao weIjipiti akanga asingangozivi nezvavo chete, asiwo kuti akaona zvichikosha kuti azvikudze nokuti akanga avakunda muhondo.” Mumwe purofesa wezvicherwa zvematongo wepaNear Eastern anonzi William G. Dever anoti: “Dombo rakavezwa raMerneptah rinonyatsotiudza kuti: MuKenani maiva nevanhu vaizviti ‘Israeri,’ uye vainzi Israeri nevaIjipiti—avo kutaura zvazviri, vasingadi havo kusimbisa kuti Bhaibheri nderechokwadi, uye vangasava vakangofunga zvavo kuti pane vanhu chaivo uye vakasiyana nevamwe vanonzi ‘Israeri’ nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo zvokuti vazivikanwe.”

MuBhaibheri, Israeri anotanga kutaurwa sezita rakapiwa kuna tateguru Jakobho. Vazukuru vevana vaJakobho 12 ndivo vakazozivikanwa se“vanakomana vaIsraeri.” (Genesisi 32:22-28, 32; 35:9, 10) Makore akati gare gare, muprofita Mosesi naFarao weIjipiti vakashandisa shoko rokuti “Israeri” pavaitaura nezvevazukuru ava vaJakobho. (Eksodho 5:1, 2) Dombo rakavezwa raMerneptah ndechimwe chinhu chekare kare chinozivikanwa chisiri Bhaibheri chinotaura nezvevanhu vanonzi Israeri.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 24]

Dombo rakavezwa raMerneptah

Zviratidzo zvitatu zvokupedzisira (kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe)—tsvimbo uye murume nomukadzi vakagara—zvinoratidza kuti vaIsraeri vaiva vanhu vakanga vasiri vomunyika iyi

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Egyptian National Museum, Cairo, Egypt/The Bridgeman Art Library