Bharuki—Munyori Akatendeka waJeremiya

UNOZIVA “Bharuki mwanakomana waNeriya” here? (Jeremiya 36:4) Kunyange zvazvo achitaurwa muzvitsauko zvina chete zveBhaibheri, anozivikanwa zvikuru nevaverengi veBhaibheri somunyori uye shamwari yepedyo yomuprofita Jeremiya. Vaviri ava vakatambudzika pamwe chete mumakore 18 okupedzisira oumambo hwaJudha, pakuparadzwa kunotyisa kwakaitwa Jerusarema nevaBhabhironi muna 607 B.C.E., uye pakutapwa kwakatevedzana vachiendeswa kuIjipiti.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvidhindo zviviri * zvomuzana remakore rechinomwe B.C.E. zvaiva nemashoko anoti “Zvaiva zvaBerekhyahu [zita raBharuki rechiHebheru], mwanakomana waNeriyahu [zita raNeriya rechiHebheru], Munyori,” zvakaita kuti nyanzvi dzacho dzifarire munhu uyu anotaurwa muBhaibheri. Bharuki aiva ani? Mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri yake, dzidzo, uye chinzvimbo zvakanga zvakadini? Kutsigirana kwake zvakasimba naJeremiya kunoratidzei? Tingadzidzei kwaari? Ngatitsvakei mhinduro dzacho nokuongorora mashoko eBhaibheri uye nhau dzakaitika.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu uye Chinzvimbo

Nyanzvi dzakawanda nhasi dzinodavira kuti Bharuki aibva kumhuri yakakurumbira yevanyori muJudha. Dzinotaura zvikonzero zvinoverengeka pamusoro peizvi. Somuenzaniso, nhoroondo yeBhaibheri inotaura nezvaBharuki nezita rokuremekedza rinokosha, rokuti “munyori,” kana kuti “mabharani” mune dzimwe shanduro. Magwaro anotaurawo kuti Neriya, baba vaBharuki, aiva nomumwe mwanakomana aiva munhu ane simba aikosha mudare raMambo Zedhekiya.—Jeremiya 36:32; 51:59.

Nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo Philip J. King inonyora nezvevanyori vomuzuva raJeremiya kuti: “Vanyori, nhengo dzeboka renyanzvi, vaiva nomukurumbira muJudha mukupera kwezana remakore rechinomwe uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechitanhatu B.C.E. . . . Zita rokuremekedza rakapiwa vakuru vakuru voumambo.”

Uyezve, nhoroondo iri muchitsauko 36 chaJeremiya yatichanyanya kukurukura nezvayo, inopa pfungwa yokuti Bharuki aikwanisa kutaura navanachipangamazano vamambo uye aibvumirwa kushandisa imba yokudyira, kana kuti yedare, yaGemariya, muchinda kana kuti mukuru mukuru. Nyanzvi yeBhaibheri inonzi James Muilenberg inoti: “Bharuki aigona kupinda mukamuri redare romunyori nokuti aiva nekodzero yokupinda imomo uye iye pachake aiva nhengo yevakuru vakuru voumambo hwacho vakanga vaungana pane chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chokuverengera vanhu mupumburu. Aiva mumwe wevakuru vakuru.”

Bhuku rinonzi Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals rinowedzera chimwe chikonzero nezvechinzvimbo chaBharuki richiti: “Sezvo chidhindo chaBerekhyahu chakawanikwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakawanda zvevamwe vakuru vakuru, zvine musoro kufungidzira kuti Bharuki/Berekhyahu aiita basa raishandwa nevamwe vakuru vakuru.” Mashoko aripo anoita seanoratidza kuti Bharuki naSeraya vaiva vakuru vakuru avo vaitsigira muprofita akatendeka Jeremiya mumakore aikosha Jerusarema risati raparadzwa.

 Jeremiya Anotsigirwa Nevanhu Vakawanda

Maererano nemaitikiro akaita zvinhu, Bharuki anotanga kuoneka muchitsauko 36 chaJeremiya, “mugore rechina raJehoyakimu,” kana kuti munenge muna 625 B.C.E. Panguva iyi Jeremiya akanga ashumira somuprofita kwemakore 23.—Jeremiya 25:1-3; 36:1, 4.

Zvino Jehovha akaudza Jeremiya kuti: “Tora bhuku rakaitwa mupumburu, unyore mariri mashoko ose andakakuudza pamusoro paIsraeri naJudha nemarudzi ose, . . kubvira pamazuva aJosiya, kusvikira nhasi chaiye.” Nhoroondo yacho inoenderera mberi ichiti: “Jeremiya akashevedza Bharuki mwanakomana waNeriya kuti Bharuki anyore achiudzwa naJeremiya mashoko ose aJehovha.”—Jeremiya 36:2-4.

Nei Bharuki akashevedzwa? Jeremiya akamuudza kuti: “Ini ndakavharirwa. Handigoni kupinda muimba yaJehovha.” (Jeremiya 36:5) Zviri pachena kuti Jeremiya akanga arambidzwa kuti asvike kunzvimbo yetemberi kwaizoverengwa mashoko aJehovha, zvichida nokuti mashoko akanga amboverengwa pakutanga akanga ashatirisa vakuru vakuru. (Jeremiya 26:1-9) Hapana mubvunzo kuti Bharuki ainamata Jehovha nomwoyo wose, uye “akaita maererano nezvose zvaakanga arayirwa nomuprofita Jeremiya.”—Jeremiya 36:8.

Kunyora nyevero dzakanga dzapiwa kwemakore anodarika 23 kwakatora nguva, uye zvichida Jeremiya akanga achimirirawo nguva yakakodzera. Asi muna November kana kuti December 624 B.C.E., Bharuki noushingi “akatanga kuverenga zvinonzwika bhuku remashoko aJeremiya ari paimba yaJehovha, muimba yokudyira yaGemariya . . . , vanhu vose vachinzwa.”—Jeremiya 36:8-10.

Mikaya mwanakomana waGemariya akaudza baba vake nemachinda anoverengeka zvakanga zvaitika, uye vakakumbira Bharuki kuti averenge mupumburu zvinonzwika kechipiri. Nhoroondo yacho inoti, “Zvino pavakangonzwa mashoko acho ose, vakatarirana vachitya; uye vakati kuna Bharuki: ‘Chokwadi tichaudza mambo mashoko ose aya. . . . Enda uvande, iwe naJeremiya, kuti parege kumbova nomunhu achaziva kwamunenge muri.’”—Jeremiya 36:11-19.

Mambo Jehoyakimu paakanzwa zvakanga zvanyorwa naBharuki achiudzwa naJeremiya, nehasha akabvarura mupumburu wacho, ndokuukanda mumoto, achibva arayira varume vake kuti vasunge Jeremiya naBharuki. Varayirwa naJehovha, varume vaviri ava vakagadzira mumwe mupumburu wakafanana nouya pavakanga vakavanda.—Jeremiya 36:21-32.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti Bharuki ainzwisisa ngozi dzaibatanidzwa mubasa iri. Anofanira kunge akaziva nezvokutyisidzirwa kwakaitwa Jeremiya makore mashomanana akanga apfuura. Angadarowo akanga anzwa zvakazoitika kuna Urija, uyo akanga aprofita “maererano nemashoko ose aJeremiya” asi akaurayiwa naMambo Jehoyakimu. Zvisinei, Bharuki akanga achida kushandisa unyanzvi uye kuzivana kwaaiita nevakuru vakuru vehurumende kutsigira Jeremiya mubasa iri.—Jeremiya 26:1-9, 20-24.

Usatsvaka “Zvinhu Zvikuru”

Paainyora mupumburu wokutanga, Bharuki akaora mwoyo zvikuru. Akati: “Zvino ndava nenhamo, nokuti Jehovha awedzera shungu pakurwadziwa kwangu! Ndaneta nokugomera kwangu, uye handina kuwana nzvimbo yokuzororera.” Kuora mwoyo uku kwaikonzerwa nei?—Jeremiya 45:1-3.

Hapana mhinduro chaiyo inopiwa. Asi edza kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu aBharuki. Kutaura nezvemakore 23 okunyevera vanhu vaIsraeri naJudha kunofanira kunge kwakaita kuti zvive pachena zvikuru kuti vakanga varamba kutenda uye varamba Jehovha. Kusarudza kwakaita Jehovha kuparadza Jerusarema neJudha uye kuita kuti rudzi rwacho rutapwe kwemakore 70 kuBhabhironi—mashoko akabudiswa pachena naJehovha gore iroro uye zvichida aivawo mumupumburu—kunofanira kunge kwakashamisa Bharuki zvikuru. (Jeremiya 25:1-11) Uyezve, paiva nengozi yokuti kutsigira kwake Jeremiya zvakasimba panguva iyi yaikosha kwaizoita kuti arasikirwe nechinzvimbo uye basa rake.

Chero zvazvingava, Jehovha pachake akapindira kuti abatsire Bharuki kuramba achifunga  rutongeso rwaiva mberi. “Ndichaputsa zvandakavaka, uye ndichadzura zvandakadyara, iyo nyika yacho yose,” akadaro Jehovha. Zvadaro akatsiura Bharuki achiti: “Asi iwe, unoramba uchizvitsvakira zvinhu zvikuru. Usaramba uchitsvaka.”—Jeremiya 45:4, 5.

Jehovha haana kutaura kuti “zvinhu zvikuru” izvi zvaiva chii, asi Bharuki anofanira kuve aiziva kana zvaiva shungu dzoudyire, mukurumbira, kana kuti kubudirira mune zvenyama. Jehovha akamuudza kuti anzwisise uye ayeuke zvaiva mberi, achiti: “Tarira ndichaunza dambudziko panyama yose, . . . uye ndichakupa mweya wako sechinhu chakapambwa munzvimbo dzose dzaungaenda.” Chinhu chainyanya kukosha kuna Bharuki upenyu hwake, hwaizochengetedzwa kwose kwaaizoenda.—Jeremiya 45:5.

Pashure pezviitiko izvi zvinorondedzerwa muzvitsauko 36 ne45 zvaJeremiya, zvakaitika kubvira muna 625 kusvikira muna 624 B.C.E., Bhaibheri haritauri nezvaBharuki kusvikira pasara mwedzi inoverengeka kuti vaBhabhironi vaparadze Jerusarema neJudha muna 607 B.C.E. Chii chakaitika panguva iyoyo?

Bharuki Anotsigirazve Jeremiya

Panguva yakakombwa Jerusarema neBhabhironi, Bharuki anoonekazve munhoroondo yeBhaibheri. Jeremiya akanga “akavharirwa muChivanze cheVarindi” paakaudzwa naJehovha kuti atenge munda wehama yake kuAnatoti sechiratidzo chokutanga kunamata nenzira yechokwadi. Bharuki akashevedzwa kuti abatsire kuita matanho epamutemo.—Jeremiya 32:1, 2, 6, 7.

Jeremiya akatsanangura kuti: ‘Ndakanyora gwaro rechibvumirano, ndikaisa chisimbiso, ndikashevedza zvapupu pandaiyera mari yacho muchikero. Pashure paizvozvo ndakatora gwaro rechibvumirano chokutenga, riya rakanga rakanamwa neriya rakanga rasiyiwa rakavhurika; ndikabva ndapa Bharuki.’ Akabva arayira Bharuki kuti aname magwaro aya echibvumirano chokutenga mumudziyo wevhu kuti achengeteke. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti Jeremiya paakataura kuti, “akanyora” gwaro racho, angave aiita zvokutaura mashoko acho kuna Bharuki, munyori aiva nounyanzvi, uyo aizonyora chaizvoizvo.—Jeremiya 32:10-14; 36:4, 17, 18; 45:1.

 Bharuki naJeremiya vakatevera tsika dzepamutemo dzepanguva yacho. Imwe yacho yaiva yokuva nemagwaro maviri. Bhuku rinonzi Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals rinotsanangura kuti: “Gwaro rokutanga rainzi ‘gwaro rakasimbiswa’ nokuti raipetwa rodhindwa nechidhindo kana kuti nezvidhindo; raiva nemashoko okutanga echibvumirano chacho. . . . Rechipiri, ‘gwaro rakavhurika’ raiva kopi yerakanamwa, rakasungwa, uye raiitirwa kuverenga nguva dzose. Saka, paiva nemagwaro maviri, chairoiro uye fotokopi yaro, akanga akanyorwa pamapepa maviri omupumburu wemanyoro enhokwe.” Zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinopupurira tsika yokuchengeta magwaro acho mumudziyo wevhu.

Pakupedzisira, vaBhabhironi vakapamba Jerusarema, vakaripisa, ndokutapa vanhu vose kusiya kwevashomanana vaiva varombo. Nebhukadhinezari akagadza Gedhariya kuti ave gavhuna. Gedhariya akazourayiwa kwapera mwedzi miviri. VaJudha vakasara vakaronga kutamira kuIjipiti, vachiita zvaipesana nezano raJeremiya rakafuridzirwa, uye pano ndipozve panotaurwa nezvaBharuki.—Jeremiya 39:2, 8; 40:5; 41:1, 2; 42:13-17.

Vatungamiriri vechiJudha vakaudza Jeremiya kuti: “Uri kureva nhema. Jehovha Mwari wedu haana kukutuma, achiti, ‘Musapinda muIjipiti kuti mugare imomo muri vatorwa.’ Asi Bharuki mwanakomana waNeriya ndiye ari kukufurira kuti urwisane nesu kuti tiiswe mumaoko evaKadheya, kuti vatiuraye kana kuti kutitapa vachitiendesa kuBhabhironi.” (Jeremiya 43:2, 3) Kupomera kwacho kunoita sokunobudisa pachena pfungwa yevatungamiriri vechiJudha yokuti Bharuki ndiye aifurira Jeremiya. Vaifunga kuti Bharuki akanga asisiri kuita somunyoriwo zvake womuprofita here, pamusana pechinzvimbo kana kuti kushamwaridzana kwenguva refu naJeremiya? Zvichida, pasinei nezvingave zvaifungwa nevatungamiriri vechiJudha, shoko racho rakanga richibva kuna Jehovha.

Pasinei nokunyevera kwaMwari, vaJudha vakanga vasara vakabva ndokutora “muprofita Jeremiya naBharuki mwanakomana waNeriya” vachibva vaenda navo. Jeremiya akanyora kuti: “Ivo vakazosvika munyika yeIjipiti, nokuti havana kuteerera inzwi raJehovha; uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakasvika kuTapanhesi,” guta riri pedyo nomuganhu kumadirirano okumabvazuva kweNire, kumuganhu neSinai. Kubva ipapo, Bharuki haazotaurwi munhoroondo yeBhaibheri.—Jeremiya 43:5-7.

Tingadzidzei Pana Bharuki?

Pane zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinokosha zvatingadzidza pana Bharuki. Chimwe chidzidzo chinoshamisa kuda kwake kushandisa unyanzvi uye vanhu vaaizivana navo mubasa raJehovha, pasinei nemigumisiro yacho. Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakawanda nhasi—varume nevakadzi—zvinoratidza pfungwa yakafanana, zvichishandisa unyanzvi hwazvo mubasa repaBheteri, basa rokuvaka, nemamwewo mabasa. Ungaratidza sei pfungwa iyi yakafanana neyaBharuki?

Bharuki paakayeuchidzwa kuti mumazuva okupedzisira aJudha pakanga pasina nguva ye“zvinhu zvikuru” zvake pachake, zviri pachena kuti akateerera, nokuti akaponeswa. Zvine musoro kuti tishandise zano iri, sezvo isuwo tiri kurarama mumazuva okupedzisira emamiriro ezvinhu. Jehovha anotivimbisa zvakafanana—tichaponeswa. Tinogona here kuteerera zviyeuchidzo zvakadaro sezvakaitwa naBharuki?

Panewo zvinobatsira zvatinofanira kudzidza panyaya iyi. Bharuki akabatsira Jeremiya nehama yake kuita zvose zvaidiwa nomutemo mubhizimisi ravo, kunyange zvazvo varume vacho vaviri vaiva noukama. Izvi zvinoshanda somuenzaniso womuMagwaro kuvaKristu vanoita zvebhizimisi nehama nehanzvadzi dzavo dzavanonamata nadzo. Zviri muMagwaro, zvinobatsira, uye zvinoratidza rudo kutevera muenzaniso uyu wokunyorerana zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi.

Kunyange zvazvo Bharuki achingotaurwa kashoma muBhaibheri, nhasi vaKristu vose vanofanira kufungisisa nezvake. Uchatevedzera here muenzaniso wakanaka chaizvo womunyori akatendeka uyu waJeremiya?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 16]

Chidhindo chaBharuki

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Chidhindo: Courtesy of Israel Museum, Jerusalem