“Chipo Chikuru” kuPoland

PANA July 6, 1525, Muchinda Albrecht wemhuri yekwaHohenzollern akadzika mutemo wokuti chiLutheran chive chitendero cheNyika. Nokudaro, Prussia yaitongwa nemachinda asi iri pasi pePoland, yakava nyika yokutanga muEurope kugamuchira dzidziso dzaMartin Luther.

Albrecht aida kuti Königsberg, guta guru reEast Prussia rive muzinda wedzidziso nemabasa zvechechi dzakabuda muchiKaturike. Akatanga yunivhesiti muguta iri uye akapa mari kuti mabhuku echiLutheran adhindwe mumitauro yakawanda. Muna 1544 muchinda uyu akatemawo chisungo chokuti vanhu vose vokuPoland vaiva munyika yake vaifanira kunzwa zvikamu zveMagwaro Matsvene zvichiverengwa mumutauro wavo. Zvisinei, hapana shanduro yeBhaibheri yakanga yati yavapo muchiPolish.

Shanduro “Mukutaura Kwemazuva Ose”

Kuti azvigadzirise, Albrecht akatanga kutsvaka mumwe munhu aigona kubudisa shanduro yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki muchiPolish. Munenge mugore ra1550, akawana mumwe murume ainzi Jan Seklucjan, aiva munyori, mutengesi nomudhindi wemabhuku. Seklucjan akanga apedza kudzidza paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig uye akanga aine mbiri yokutosvorana neChechi yeKaturike nokuti aiparadzira dzidziso dzemachechi akabuda muchiKaturike. Zvakaitika kuti akatomboenda kuKönigsberg achitiza mhosva yokuparadzira dzidziso dzake dzechitendero.

Jan Seklucjan aida zvikuru kubudisa Bhaibheri muchiPolish. Pachangopera gore Seklucjan apiwa basa racho, mabhuku okutanga eEvhangeri yaMateu akabudiswa. Shanduro iyi yaiva netsanangudzo uye mashoko omumucheto aibatsira zvikuru kuona mamwe mataurirwo edzimwe ndima. Nenguva isipi, Seklucjan akatungamirira kudhindwa kweshanduro yaiva neEvhangeri dzose dziri ina. Mumakore matatu chete, akanga atodhinda Magwaro ose echiKristu echiGiriki.

Kuti abudise shanduro yakarurama, mushanduri akatsvakurudza mumabhuku echiGiriki. Kunze kwaizvozvo, mashoko okutanga mushanduro ya1551 anoti shanduro dzechiLatin uye “shanduro dzemimwe mitauro zvakaongororwa.” Stanisław Rospond, munyori webhuku rinonzi Studies on the Polish Language  of the 16th Century, anotaura kuti shanduro iyi yakanyorwa “nomunyorerwo unofadza uye unoverengeka.” Rospond anoti mushanduri haana kuzvinetsa “nomutauro wokushamisira.” Pane kudaro, akaedza chaizvo kushandisa mashoko echiPolish “ainyanyoshandiswa mukutaura kwemazuva ose.”

Kunyange zvazvo Seklucjan akatungamirira basa iri, uchapupu huripo hunoratidza kuti haana kushandura. Saka nyanzvi yakashandura ndiani? NdiStanisław Murzynowski, murume angadaro aiva nemakore okuma20 paakatorwa naSeklucjan kuti aite basa iri rakaoma.

Murzynowski akaberekerwa kumaruwa, asi paakanga ati samhukei, baba vake vakamuendesa kuKönigsberg kuti anodzidzira chiGiriki nechiHebheru. Pashure paizvozvo, Murzynowski akazodzidza paYunivhesiti yeWittenberg, kuGermany, paangadaro akaonana naMartin Luther. Mudzidzi wechiduku uyu akadzidziswa naPhilipp Melanchthon, pasina mubvunzo akamubatsira kuti anyatsoziva chiGiriki nechiHebheru. Pashure pokuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake kuItaly, Murzynowski akadzokera kuKönigsberg kwaakashandira Muchinda Albrecht.

Maria Kossowska anonyora mubhuku rake rinonzi The Bible in the Polish Language achiti, “Murzynowski akashanda nomwoyo wose paine zvinobuda, asi haana kuda kuzivikanwa, kutsvaka chinzvimbo, kana kukumbira kuti zita rake riiswe papeji yomusoro weshanduro yake.” Zvechokwadi, murume muduku uyu akanyora nezvemano ake achiti: “Handigoni kunyora zvakanaka muchiLatin kana kuti muchiPolish.” Pasinei neizvi, Murzynowski akashanda zvikuru kuti Shoko raMwari riwanike kuvanhu vokuPoland. Shamwari yake, Seklucjan, akarondedzera shanduro yavakabudisa se“chipo chikuru” kuPoland.

Chimwe Chezvipo Zvikuru

Kubva pakavapo shanduro iyoyo yokutanga yeBhaibheri muchiPolish, dzimwe dzakawanda dzakatevera. Muna 1994 makabudiswa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki muchiPolish, uye muna 1997, Bhaibheri rakazara reShanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro Matsvene. Vashanduri vakanga vasingadi kuzivikanwa vakashanda nemwoyo wose kuti vashandure Shoko raMwari kwete zvakarurama chete asiwo mumutauro unonyanyoshandiswa mukutaura kwemazuva ose, usiri womuzana remakore rechi16.

Nhasi Bhaibheri rinowanika rakazara kana kuti muchidimbu mumitauro 2 400. Kana uchikwanisa kuwana shanduro yakarurama yeShoko raMwari mururimi rwaamai, une chimwe chezvipo zvikuru, chipo chinobva kuna Jehovha Mwari kuti akutungamirire.—2 Timoti 3:15-17.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Dombo rokuyeuchidza nezvaStanisław Murzynowski, mushanduri we“Testamende Itsva” muchiPolish

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]

Chitsauko 3 chebhuku raMateu rakashandurwa naStanisław Murzynowski

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Dzięki uprzejmości Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego