1-3. (a) Chii chinoratidza kuti mutauro waMwari uye nzira dzaanoshandisa pakutaura zvakakwirira kupfuura zvevanhu? (b) Tichakurukurei munyaya ino?

MWARI asingagumi akasika ngirozi nevanhu kuti avapewo upenyu uye kuti vafare sezvaanoita. (Pis. 36:9; 1 Tim. 1:11) Muapostora Johani akataura nezveuyo akatanga kupiwa upenyu naMwari achimuti “Shoko” uye “wokutanga pane zvakasikwa naMwari.” (Joh. 1:1; Zvak. 3:14) Jehovha Mwari aitaura pfungwa dzake uye zvaiva mumwoyo make kuMwanakomana uyu wedangwe. (Joh. 1:14, 17; VaK. 1:15) Muapostora Pauro anotaura ‘nezvendimi dzengirozi,’ mutauro unoshandiswa kudenga wakakwirira kupfuura yevanhu.—1 VaK. 13:1.

² Jehovha anonyatsoziva mabhiriyoni engirozi nevanhu. Vanhu vakawanda vanogona kunge vachinyengetera kwaari mumitauro yakawanda chero panguva ipi zvayo. Anonzwa minyengetero iyoyo uku achitungamirira uye achitaura nengirozi dzake. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pfungwa dzake dzakapinza kupfuura dzevanhu uye mutauro wake, pamwe chete nenzira yaanotaura nayo, zvakakwirira zvikuru. (Verenga Isaya 55:8, 9.) Zviri pachena kuti kana Jehovha achitaura nevanhu zvaanofunga, anochinja mutauro wake kuti mashoko ake ave nyore kunzwisisa.

³ Tichakurukura kuti Mwari akachenjera zvakadaro akatora matanho  api kuti agare achikurukura nevanhu kubvira paakavasika. Tichaonawo kuti anochinja sei nzira yaanotaura nayo zvichienderana nezvinenge zviripo.

4. (a) Jehovha akashandisa mutauro upi paaitaura naMosesi, Samueri naDhavhidhi? (b) Vanyori veBhaibheri vakanyora nezvei?

⁴ Jehovha aitaura naAdhamu mumunda weEdheni achishandisa mutauro wevanhu. Anofanira kunge aishandisa chiHebheru chekare. Akazotaura pfungwa dzake kuvanyori veBhaibheri vaitaura chiHebheru vakaita saMosesi, Samueri naDhavhidhi, ivo ndokuzotaurawo pfungwa idzodzo vachishandisa mashoko avo nemanyorero avo. Kuwedzera pakunyora mashoko avaiudzwa naMwari pachake, vainyorawo nezvemabatiro aaiita vanhu vake, nhoroondo dzekutenda kwavo, rudo rwavo, zvavaikundikana uye kusatendeka kwavo. Mashoko ose iwayo anokosha nhasi uno.—VaR. 15:4.

5. Jehovha akaramba achingoti vanhu vake vashandise chiHebheru chete here? Tsanangura.

⁵ Mamiriro ezvinhu paakachinja, Mwari haana kungoramba achitaura nevanhu achishandisa chiHebheru chete. Pakadzoka vanhu vaMwari kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, mutauro wechiAramaiki ndiwo wavakanga vava kutaura zuva nezuva. Zvichida ndizvo zvakaita kuti Jehovha afemere Dhanieri, Jeremiya uye mupristi Ezra kuti vanyore dzimwe ndima dzemabhuku avo eBhaibheri muchiAramaiki. *

6. Shoko raMwari rakasvika sei pakuwanika mune mimwe mitauro isiri chiHebheru?

⁶ Mambo weGirisi akanga akakurumbira, Alexander, akakunda nyika dzakawanda akatanga kudzitonga, saka chiGiriki chainzi Koine chakatanga kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda. VaJudha vakawanda vakatanga kutaura mutauro iwoyo, zvikaita kuti Magwaro echiHebheru ashandurirwe muchiGiriki. Magwaro aya akashandurwa nevanhu 72 uye akazopedzisira ava kuzivikanwa nezita rokuti Septuagint. Iyi ndiyo yaiva shanduro yokutanga yeBhaibheri uye imwe yeshanduro dzinokosha zvikuru. * Kuwanda kwakanga kwakaita vashanduri ava kwakaita kuti pave neshanduro yakanyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Vamwe vaishandura shoko neshoko, asi vamwe vaingoshandura pfungwa yaida kutaurwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, Septuagint yaitova Shoko raMwari kuvaJudha vaitaura chiGiriki uye kuvaKristu.

7. Jesu anofanira kunge aishandisa mutauro upi pakudzidzisa vadzidzi vake?

⁷ Mwanakomana waMwari wedangwe paakauya pasi pano, anofanira kunge aitaura uye aidzidzisa mumutauro unonzi neBhaibheri chiHebheru. (Joh. 19:20; 20:16; Mab. 26:14) ChiHebheru chaitaurwa munguva yaJesu chinenge chakanga chati sanganei nechiAramaiki, saka Jesu anogona kunge akashandisawo mamwe mashoko echiAramaiki. Asi aizivawo chiHebheru chekare chakanyorwa naMosesi nevaprofita, icho chaiverengwa vhiki roga roga mumasinagogi. (Ruka 4:17-19; 24:44, 45; Mab. 15:21) MuIsraeri maitaurwawo chiGiriki nechiRatini. Hatizivi kuti Jesu aitaura mitauro iyi here nokuti hapana pazvakanyorwa muMagwaro.

8, 9. Nei mamwe mabhuku eBhaibheri akanyorwa mumutauro wechiGiriki, uye izvi zvinotidzidzisei nezvaJehovha?

⁸ Vateveri vaJesu vekutanga-tanga vaiziva chiHebheru, asi makore akazotevera pashure perufu rwake, vadzidzi vake vakanga vava kutaura mimwe mitauro. (Verenga Mabasa 6:1.) ChiKristu pachaipararira, vaKristu vakawanda  vaishandisa chiGiriki. Uyu ndiwo mutauro wainyanya kushandiswa, saka mabhuku aMateu, Mako, Ruka, naJohani, ayo anotaura zvakadzidziswa uye zvakaitwa naJesu, akanyorwa mumutauro wechiGiriki. * Tsamba dzemuapostora Pauro uye mamwe mabhuku akafemerwa naMwari zvakanyorwawo muchiGiriki.

⁹ Vanyori veMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki vaishandisa Septuagint pavainokora mashoko ari muMagwaro echiHebheru. Dzimwe nguva mashoko ainokorwa mushanduro iyi akanga akati siyanei neakashandiswa muMagwaro echiHebheru, asi ava kuwanika muBhaibheri ratava naro mazuva ano. Saka basa revashanduri ava vakanga vasina kufemerwa rakanyorwawo muBhaibheri. Izvi zvinotidzidzisa kuti Jehovha haasaruri rumwe rudzi kana kuti mumwe mutauro.—Verenga Mabasa 10:34.

10. Chii chatinodzidza pakukurukura kwaMwari nevanhu achishandisa Shoko rake?

¹⁰ Zvishoma zvataongorora nezvokukurukura kwaMwari nevanhu zvatidzidzisa kuti Jehovha anotaura nevanhu maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu anenge aripo. Haatimanikidzi kudzidza mumwe mutauro kuti tikwanise kumuziva uye kuziva zvinangwa zvake. (Verenga Zekariya 8:23; Zvakazarurwa 7:9, 10.) Jehovha ndiye akafemera kunyorwa kweBhaibheri, asi akabvumira kuti rinyorwe nemanyorero akasiyana-siyana.

11. Kukurukura kwaMwari nevanhu kwakakanganiswa here nekushandiswa kwemitauro yakasiyana-siyana?

¹¹ Kukurukura kwaMwari nevanhu kwakakanganiswa nekushandiswa kwemitauro yakasiyana-siyana uye tumisiyano twakavapo pakashandurwa Shoko rake here? Kwete. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kunge tichingoziva mashoko mashomanana akataurwa naJesu mumutauro waaishandisa chaiwo. (Mat. 27:46; Mako 5:41; 7:34; 14:36) Asi Jehovha akava nechokwadi chokuti zvakataurwa naJesu zvakapfuudzwa kuvanhu muchiGiriki uye, nokufamba kwenguva, mune mimwe mitauro. Nokufamba kwenguva, mabhuku eBhaibheri aikopwa akopwazve nevaJudha uye nevaKristu, vachichengetedza zvinyorwa zvitsvene. Mabhuku acho akazoshandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda. John Chrysostom uyo akararama makore ekuma300 kusvika ku400C.E., akataura kuti mumakore aya dzidziso dzaJesu dzakanga dzashandurirwa mumitauro yevaSiriya, vaIjipiti, vaIndiya, vaPezhiya, vaItiopiya nemimwe mitauro yemarudzi asingaverengeki.

12. Vanhu vakaedza sei kuparadza Bhaibheri?

¹² Kubudiswa kweBhaibheri mumitauro yakawanda kwakaita kuti zvaiedza kuitwa nevamwe vanhu zvishaye basa. Mumwe waivava ndiMambo weRoma Diocletian uyo akaudza vanhu vake muna 303 C.E. kuti vapise Magwaro ose. Pane zvakawanda zvakaitwa nevanhu vachiedza kuparadza Shoko raMwari uye kurwisa vaya vairishandura kana kuti vaiita kuti riwanikwe. Kumakore  okuma1500, William Tyndale akatanga kushandura Bhaibheri kubva muchiHebheru nechiGiriki achiisa muChirungu. Akaudza mumwe murume akanga akadzidza zvikuru kuti: “Kana Mwari akandichengeta, makore mashomanana ari kutevera ndichange ndaita kuti kamukomana kanobata gejo kachirima kazive Magwaro kukupfuura.” Tyndale akatiza vavengi vake kuEngland ndokuenda kuGermany kuti anoshandura Bhaibheri rake nokuridhinda. Kunyange zvazvo vafundisi vakati sika sika kutora maBhaibheri ose avaiwana vachiapisa munhu wose achiona, vanhu vakawanda vakatotanga kuva nemaBhaibheri. Tyndale akazopedzisira atengeswa, akaurayiwa achiita zvokusungirirwa ndokupiswa ari padanda. Asi Bhaibheri raakashandura rakaramba ririko. Rakashandiswa zvikuru paishandurwa shanduro yeKing James iyo yakazoenda mumaoko evanhu vakawanda zvikuru.—Verenga 2 Timoti 2:9.

13. Chii chakaonekwa pashure pokuongorora zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvekare kare?

¹³ Ichokwadi kuti dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzekare kare dzine tumwe tunhu twakakanganiswa uye tunopesana. Asi vanoongorora Bhaibheri vakaita nguva yakawanda uye basa rakakura rokuenzanisa zviuru zvezvidimbu zvezvinyorwa zvakawanikwa, uye shanduro dzekare kare. Kuongorora uku kwakabudisa pachena kuti ndima dzakawanda dzeBhaibheri dzichiri sezvadzakanga dziri padzakanyorwa. Pane ndima shomanana dzakaonekwa dziine tumisiyano asi hadzina zvadzinochinja pane zviri kutaurwa zvacho. Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vemwoyo wose vanogutsikana kuti zviripo iye zvino ndizvo chaizvo zvakafemerwa naMwari pavanoongorora mabhuku ekare kare.—Isa. 40:8. *

14. Shoko raMwari rava kuwanika zvakadini?

¹⁴ Pasinei nokuti vavengi vake vakarwisa zvakadini, Jehovha akaita kuti Shoko rake rishandurirwe mumitauro yakawanda kupfuura mamwe mabhuku ose ati amboshandurwa. Kunyange zvazvo mazuva ano vanhu vakawanda vasingatendi muna Mwari, Bhaibheri ndiro bhuku rine vanhu vakawanda kupfuura mamwe mabhuku ose, zvokuti rinowanikwa mumitauro inopfuura 2 800. Hapana rimwe bhuku rinowanikwa nevanhu vakawanda kupfuura Bhaibheri. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzisina kujeka kana kuti kunyatsorurama sezvakaita dzimwe, munhu anogona kudzidza chokwadi cheShoko raMwari chinopa tariro yeruponeso mushanduro chero ipi zvayo.

15. (a) Chii chakachinja pamawanirwo aiitwa zvokudya zvinosimbisa pakunamata kubva muna 1919? (b) Chirungu chiri kubatsira zvakadii pakubudiswa kwezvokudya zvinosimbisa pakunamata?

¹⁵ Pakapiwa vamwe Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vashomanana basa rekuva “muranda akatendeka, akangwara” muna 1919, Chirungu ndiwo mutauro wavainyanya kushandisa pakukurukura  ‘neveimba’ yatenzi. (Mat. 24:45) Kubvira ipapo, “muranda” iyeye akashanda nesimba kuti zvokudya zvinosimbisa pakunamata zviwanikwewo mune mimwe mitauro yakawanda, iyo yava kutopfuura 700. Sezvakanga zvakaita chiGiriki chainzi Koine, Chirungu ndicho chinonzwisiswa nevanhu vakawanda nekuti chinonyanya kushandiswa pakutengeserana uye muzvikoro. Ndokusaka chichishandiswa pakunyora mabhuku edu asati ashandurwa.

16, 17. (a) Vanhu vaMwari vaida Bhaibheri rakaita sei? (b) Zvii zvakaitwa kuti vawane Bhaibheri rakadaro? (c) Hama Knorr vaiva nechivimbo chei?

¹⁶ Zvokudya zvinosimbisa pakunamata zvinobva muBhaibheri. Shanduro yeBhaibheri reChirungu yeKing James Version ya1611 ndiyo yaishandiswa nevanhu vaMwari. Zvisinei, Chirungu chaiva mushanduro iyi chakanga chisingachanzwisiswi nevakawanda. Zita raMwari raingowanika imomo kanoverengeka, asi muzvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvekare raiwanika kane zviuru. Shanduro iyi yaiva nedzimwe ndima dzakakanganiswa kushandurwa nedzimwe dzisingawaniki muzvinyorwa zvekare zveBhaibheri zvinovimbwa nazvo. Izvi ndizvo zvakanga zvakaitawo dzimwe shanduro dzeChirungu dzaiwanika kare ikako.

¹⁷ Paidiwa Bhaibheri rainyatsobudisa zvaiva muzvinyorwa zvekare richishandisa mutauro wemazuva ano. Pakaumbwa Komiti Inoshandura Bhaibheri reNyika Itsva, uye kubvira muna 1950 kusvika muna 1960, komiti iyi yakabudisa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva muzvikamu 6. Pavakabudisa chikamu chekutanga cheBhaibheri racho musi wa2 August 1950, Hama N. H. Knorr vakaudza vanhu vakanga vari pagungano kuti vanhu vaMwari vaida shanduro yeBhaibheri “mumutauro wemazuva ano, inowirirana nechokwadi cheBhaibheri chatava kuziva.” Vakaenderera mberi vachiti shanduro yacho yaifanira kubudisa zvaiva muzvinyorwa zvepakutanga nemazvo, zvoita kuti vanhu vawedzere kunzwisisa chokwadi cheBhaibheri. Yaifanirawo “kunzwisiswa nevaverengi vemazuva ano sekunzwisiswa kwaiitwa nevanhu vakaderera zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvakanyorwa nevadzidzi vaKristu.” Vakataura kuti vaiva nechivimbo chekuti Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yaizobatsira mamiriyoni evanhu kuziva nezvaMwari.

18. Zvii zvakaitwa kuti Bhaibheri rikurumidze kushandurwa mumitauro yakawanda?

¹⁸ Chivimbo chaHama Knorr chakazadziswa muna 1963 pakabudiswa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki mune mimwe mitauro 6 inoti:—chiDutch, chiFrench, chiGerman, chiItalian, chiPortuguese nechiSpanish. Muna 1989, Dare Rinotungamirira reZvapupu zvaJehovha rakaronga kuti pamahofisi edu makuru pave nedhipatimendi rinoona nezvebasa rekushandura Bhaibheri. Muna 2005, Dare Rinotungamirira rakapa mvumo yekuti Bhaibheri rishandurirwe mumitauro yose inobudisa Nharireyomurindi. Saka iye zvino Shanduro yeNyika Itsva, yakazara kana kuti yakangobudiswa mamwe mabhuku ayo, yava kuwanika mumitauro inopfuura 130.

19. Chii chakaitika muna2013, uye tichakurukurei munyaya inotevera?

¹⁹ Nekufamba kwenguva, pakaonekwa kuti Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yeChirungu yaifanira kudzokororwa kuti ienderane nekuchinja kuri kuita mutauro weChirungu. Musi wa5 nemusi wa6 October 2013, vanhu 1 413 676 munyika 31 vakapinda musangano wechi129 wegore negore weWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Vamwe vaiva paiitirwa musangano wacho asi vamwe vaiteerera vari kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Vanhu vose vakafara chaizvo imwe nhengo yeDare Rinotungamirira payakabudisa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yakadzokororwa. Vakawanda vakachema nemufaro pavakapiwa maBhaibheri aya nevarindiri. Paiverengwa mamwe mavhesi muBhaibheri iri idzva, vanhu vaivapo vakaona kuti Shoko raMwari rakanga rava nyore kunzwisisa. Munyaya inotevera tichakurukura nezveBhaibheri iri pamwe chete nezvekushandurwa kwaro mune mimwe mitauro.