Mhosva Isina Kutongwa Zvakanaka Pane Dzose Dzakambotongwa

PANYAYA dzomumatare ekare-kare, ishoma-shoma dzinozivikanwa sezvinoitwa iyi. Nhoroondo dzeBhaibheri ina dzinonzi Evhangeri dzinodonongodza nezvokusungwa, kutongwa uye kuurayiwa kwakaitwa Jesu Kristu. Sei uchifanira kuziva nezvenyaya iyi? Nokuti (1) Jesu akaudza vateveri vake kuti vayeuke rufu rwake, izvo zvinobva zvaita kuti nyaya yokutongwa kwaakaitwa ikoshe; (2) tinofanira kuziva kuti zvaaipomerwa ichokwadi here; uye (3) chibayiro chakapiwa naJesu asingaiti zvokumanikidzwa paakapa upenyu hwake chinokosha zvikuru kwatiri uye mune ramangwana redu.—Ruka 22:19; Johani 6:40.

Panguva yakatongwa Jesu, Parestina yaiva pasi poumambo hweRoma. Vakuru vechitendero chechiJudha vakapiwa simba nevaRoma rokuti vatonge vamwe vavo vaJudha maererano nemitemo yechiJudha asi vakarambidzwa kuti vauraye vanhu vanenge vapara mhosva. Ndokusaka Jesu akasungwa nevavengi vake vechitendero chechiJudha asi akazourayiwa nevaRoma. Kuparidza kwaaiita kwakafumura vatungamiriri vezvitendero chaizvo zvokuti vakazosarudza  kuti aifanira kufa. Asi vaida kuti zviite sokuti apara mhosva yakakodzera kuti aurayiwe. Kuongororwa kwakaitwa zvavaiedza kuita kuti vabudirire pazano ravo kwakaita kuti rimwe gweta ritaure nezvenyaya yacho yose richiti, “pamhosva dzose dzakambotongwa, iyi ndiyo yakatongwa zvisina kururama.” *

Hapana Chaimboenderana Pane Zvaaipomerwa

Mutemo wakapiwa vaIsraeri naMosesi unonzi “ndiwo mutemo wakanaka uye wakajeka pamitemo yose yati yadzikwa.” Zvisinei, panguva yakazorarama Jesu, vanarabhi vaida zvemitemo-mitemo vakanga vawedzera mitemo mizhinji pane yaiva muBhaibheri, uye yakawanda yacho yakazonyorwa mubhuku ravo rechitendero chechiJudha rinonzi Talmud. (Ona bhokisi rakanzi  “Mitemo yevaJudha Mumazana Emakore Okutanga,” papeji 20.) Mhosva yaJesu yakatongwa sei pachishandiswa mitemo yomuBhaibheri uye yavakanga vawedzeredza?

Kuti Jesu azosungwa, pakava here nezvapupu zviviri zvakapa umboo hwainyatsoenderana pamberi pedare nezvemhosva yake? Zvaifanira kudaro kuitira kuti kusungwa kwacho kuve pamutemo. MuParestina yomuzana remakore rokutanga, muJudha aiona sokuti pane mutemo watyorwa aiendesa nyaya yake kudare panguva yaitongwa dzimwe mhosva. Matare aisakwanisa kutanga iwo kupomera munhu asi aingoongorora zvaipomerwa munhu wacho. Zvapupu zvakaona mhosva yacho ichiitwa ndizvo chete zvaibvumidzwa kuva vachuchisi. Nyaya yaizongopinda mudare kana paine zvapupu zviviri zvataura chinhu chimwe chete. Umboo hwavainge vapa ndihwo hwaizoita kuti munhu asungwe. Zvakanga zvisingabvumidzwi kuti munhu mumwe chete ape umboo. (Dheuteronomio 19:15) Zvisinei, pana Jesu, vakuru vakuru vechiJudha vakangotsvaka “nzira inobudirira” yokuti vamuuraye. Akasungwa pakangomuka “mukana wakanaka,” usiku “pasina boka revanhu.”—Ruka 22:2, 5, 6, 53.

Pakasungwa Jesu havana kutaura mhosva yavaimusungira. Vapristi neSanihedrini dare repamusoro-soro rechiJudha, vakatozotanga kutsvaka zvapupu iye atosungwa. (Mateu 26:59) Vakashayiwa vanhu vaviri vakapa umboo hwaienderana. Asi rakanga risiri basa redare kuti ritsvake zvapupu. Mumwe munyori ari gweta anonzi A. Taylor Innes anoti, “Kutongera munhu rufu musina kutanga mataura mhosva yamamusungira ndiko kupenga chaiko.”

Mhomho yakanga yasunga Jesu yakaenda naye kumba kwaAnasi, aimbova Mupristi Mukuru, uyo akatanga kumubvunzurudza. (Ruka 22:54; Johani 18:12, 13) Anasi akatyora mutemo waiti mhosva yaigona kuita kuti munhu aurayiwe yaisafanira kutongwa usiku, asi rakacheka nyika. Uyezve, vaifanira kunge vakaongorora nyaya yacho mudare vanhu vose vachinzwa, kwete vakavharirana mumba. Jesu achiziva kuti kubvunzurudzwa kwaaiitwa naAnasi kwakanga kusiri pamutemo, akamupindura kuti: “Munondibvunzirei? Bvunzai vaya vakanzwa zvandakataura kwavari. Onai! Ava vanoziva zvandakataura.” (Johani 18:21) Anasi aifanira kunge achibvunzurudza zvapupu, kwete wacho ari kupomerwa. Mapinduriro akaita Jesu aigona kunge akaita kuti mutongi asina tsvete anyatsotonga sezvaifanira kuitwa, asi Anasi zvakanga zviri kure naye.

Mapinduriro akaita Jesu akaita kuti akwaturwe mbama nomumwe mukuru mukuru, uye handipo chete paakarohwa usiku ihwohwo. (Ruka 22:63; Johani 18:22) Mutemo unotaura nezvemaguta okupotera uri mubhuku reBhaibheri raNumeri chitsauko 35 waiti munhu aipomerwa mhosva aifanira kutodzivirirwa kuti asakuvadzwa kusvikira zvazonyatsooneka kuti ane mhosva. Ndizvo zvaifanira kuitirwawo Jesu.

Vanhu vaya vakanga vasunga Jesu vakaenda naye kumba kwoMupristi Mukuru Kayafasi, mhosva yacho ndokubva yatotongwa usiku ihwohwo izvo zvaiva kunze kwomutemo. (Ruka 22:54; Johani 18:24) Vari ikoko, vapristi havana kutombotevedzera mutemo wokutonga zvakarurama, asi vakatotsvaka “uchapupu hwenhema hwokupomera Jesu kuti vamuuraye,” pakashayikwa zvapupu zviviri zvakataura chinhu chimwe. (Mateu 26:59; Mako 14:56-59) Saka mupristi  mukuru akaedza kuita kuti Jesu azvibaye oga. Akamubvunza kuti, “Haupinduri here? Unoti chii nezvavari kukupomera?” (Mako 14:60) Zvaakaita izvi kwaiva kutyora mutemo. Innes, ambotaurwa pamusoro apa, anoti, “Kubvunza munhu ari kupomerwa momuwanira mhosva pamapinduriro aanenge aita kwainzi kutyora mutemo.”

Jesu ataura izvi boka iri rakabva rati tazviwanirapo. Achipindura mubvunzo wokuti, “Ndiwe Kristu Mwanakomana weAnokudzwa here?”, Jesu akati: “Ndini; uye imi muchaona Mwanakomana womunhu agere kuruoko rworudyi rwesimba achiuya nemakore okudenga.” Vapristi vakaona izvi sokumhura uye “vose vakamutongera kuti anofanira kufa.”—Mako 14:61-64. *

Mutemo waMosesi waiti mhosva dzaifanira kutongerwa pachena. (Dheuteronomio 16:18; Rute 4:1) Asi Jesu akatongerwa muchivande. Hapana aibvumirwa kutaura zvakanaka nezvaJesu uye hapana akatombozviedzawo. Hazvina kumboongororwa kuti zvioneke kuti ichokwadi here chaitaurwa naJesu kuti ndiye aiva Mesiya. Jesu haana kupiwa mukana wokutsvaga zvapupu kuti zvimureverere. Vatongi havanawo kuvhota zvakarongeka kuti varatidze kuti Jesu aiva nemhosva here kana kuti kwete.

Pamberi paPirato

VaJudha vakabva vaendesa Jesu kuna gavhuna weRoma Pondiyo Pirato, sezvo vakanga vasina masimba okumuuraya. Pirato akatanga nokuvabvunza kuti: “Munhu uyu munomupomera mhosva yei?” VaJudha vachiziva kuti nhema dzavaimupomera dzokuti akanga amhura dzakanga dzisina musoro kuna Pirato, vakaedza kuita kuti Pirato atonge mhosva yaJesu asina kumboongorora zvavainge vataura. Vakapindura vachiti: “Kudai munhu uyu anga asiri munhu anoita zvakaipa, tingadai tisina kumuisa kwamuri.” (Johani 18:29, 30) Pirato haana kuteerera zvavaitaura, zvichibva zvaita kuti vaJudha vatange kupomera Jesu imwe mhosva vachiti: “Takawana munhu uyu achitsausa rudzi rwedu, achirambidza kutera mitero kuna Kesari uye achiti iye ndiye Kristu mambo.” (Ruka 23:2) Vakabva vati tsve yokumhura vachibva vati takarasima neyokupandukira hurumende.

Mhosva yavaimupomera ‘yokurambidza kutera mitero’ yakanga iri yenhema uye vaitozviziva. Jesu akadzidzisa zvakanyatsosiyana nezvavaimupomera. (Mateu 22:15-22) Uyewo pamhosva yavaipomera Jesu yokuti aizviti ndimambo, Pirato akakurumidza kuzviona kuti Jesu akanga asina ngozi kuumambo hweRoma. Akati ‘handina kuwana mhosva kwaari.’ (Johani 18:38) Kubvira nyaya payakapinda mudariro kusvikira payakapera kutongwa, Pirato akaramba achiti Jesu haana mhosva.

PaPaseka yoga yoga paiva netsika yokusunungura musungwa, saka Pirato akambotanga nokuedza kusunungura Jesu achishandisa tsika iyi. Asi akazosunungura Bharabhasi uyo aiva nemhosva yokumukira uye yokuponda.—Ruka 23:18, 19; Johani 18:39, 40.

Pirato akazoedzazve kusunungura Jesu asi zvakashaya basa. Akaita kuti Jesu azvamburwe, apfekedzwe nguo yepepuru, korona yeminzwa uye  achibva aita kuti Jesu atukwe. Izvi aizviitira kuti aratidze kuti Jesu haana mhosva. Zvinoita sokuti Pirato aiti: ‘Zvatamuita izvi hazvina kukwana here nhai vapristi?’ Zvimwe aifunga kuti shungu dzevaJudha dzokuda kutsiva dzaizoserera kana kuti vaizonzwa tsitsi kana kudzora mwoyo pavaizomuona achizvamburwa nevaRoma. (Ruka 23:22) Asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

‘Pirato akaramba achitsvaka nzira yokusunungura nayo Jesu. Asi vaJudha vakashevedzera, vachiti: ‘Kana mukasunungura munhu uyu, hamusi shamwari yaKesari. Munhu wose anozviita mambo anorwisana naKesari.’’ (Johani 19:12) Kesari aivapo panguva iyoyo akanga ari Tibheriyo, mambo aiva nembiri yokuuraya chero munhu waanenge ati haazviisi pasi pake kutosanganisirawo vakuru vakuru vaitova nezvinzvimbo. Pirato akanga atoshatirisa vaJudha, saka akanga ava kutya kuramba achivatsamwisa, uye ainyanya kutya kuzonzi haazviisi pasi paKesari. Pirato aitya zvakanga zvataurwa nemhomho zvairatidza kuti kana akasaita zvavaida vaizoona zvokuita naye. Akangotevedzera zvavaida achibva aita kuti Jesu munhu aiva asina kana mhosva arovererwe.—Johani 19:16.

Kuongorora Uchapupu Hwacho

Vakawanda vanoongorora zvemitemo vakaongorora nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzinotaura nezvekutongwa kwaJesu. Vanoti nyaya yacho haina kutongwa zvakanaka zvachose. Rimwe gweta rakanyora kuti: “Nyaya yokuti mhosva yacho yaifanira kutanga kutongwa yopedzwa chirango chacho chobva chaziviswa, zvose izvi zvichiitwa pakati pousiku kusvika mangwanani, zvakanga zvisingatomboenderani nemitemo yevaHebheru uye mitemo yokururamisira.” Mumwe muzvinafundo wezvemitemo akataura kuti: “Matongerwo enyaya yacho yose akanga ari okutyora mutemo zvokuti tingatoti dare ndiro rakauraya Jesu.”

Jesu akanga asina mhosva. Asi aiziva zvake kuti aitofanira kufa kuti aponese vanhu vanoteerera. (Mateu 20:28) Jesu aida kuita kuda kwaMwari zvokuti akabvuma kutongwa zvisina kururama mhosva yaasina kana kumbopara. Akazviitira vatadzi sesu. Hatimbofaniri kufa takazvikanganwa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

 [Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

 Mitemo yevaJudha Mumazana Emakore Okutanga

Tsika dzechiJudha dzakazoita zvokunyorwa pasi muzana ramakore rokutanga C.E., asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndedzekare kare uye dzimwe dzacho dzaiva dzokuti:

▪ Pamhosva dzaigona kuita kuti munhu atongerwe rufu, paiva nomukana wokuti zviratidzwe kuti munhu ari kupomerwa haana mhosva

▪ Vatongi vaifanira kuedza nepose pavaigona kuti vanunure ari kupomerwa mhosva

▪ Vatongi vaigona kureverera ari kupomerwa mhosva kwete kumutsikirira

▪ Vaipupura vainyeverwa kuti vasaita dambe nokuva chapupu

▪ Chapupu chimwe nechimwe chaiongororwa pacho choga, pasina zvimwe zvapupu

▪ Zvaipupurwa nevanhu zvaifanira kuenderana, kunyanya zuva rainzi rakaitika mhosva yacho, kwazvakaitikira, nguva dzacho nezvimwewo

▪ Mhosva dzaigona kuita kuti munhu atongerwe rufu dzaifanira kutongwa kwakachena dzopedzwa kwakachena

▪ Mhosva dzaigona kuita kuti munhu atongerwe rufu dzakanga dzisingafaniri kutongwa kana mangwana acho riri Sabata kana kuti mutambo

▪ Mhosva dzaigona kuita kuti munhu atongerwe rufu dzaigona kutanga kutongwa dzopedziswa musi mumwe chete iwoyo kana zviri pachena kuti ari kupomerwa haana mhosva. Asi kana zvisina kunyatsooneka kuti ari kupomerwa ane mhosva zvechokwadi here, nyaya yacho yaizopfuurira zuva rinotevera paizopiwa mutongo

▪ Mhosva dzaigona kuita kuti munhu atongerwe rufu dzaisatongwa nevatongi vari pasi pe23

▪ Vatongi vaipana mukana wokuratidza kuti munhu ane mhosva here kana kuti kwete uye zvavaitaura zvaibva zvanyorwa nevanyori

▪ Kuti munhu asunungurwe paifanira kuva nevatongi vanopfuura verimwe divi nomunhu mumwe chete, asi kuti afe vari kuti ane mhosva vaifanira kunge vachipfuura verimwe divi nevanhu vaviri. Kana vari kuti ane mhosva vakapfuura verimwe divi nemunhu mumwe chete, pakadaro paibva patsvakwa vamwe vatongi vaviri vokuwedzera kuti vaonekwe kuti ivo vanoti kudii kusvikira mutongo wakakodzera wazopiwa

▪ Mutongo waipiwa pasina kana mutongi mumwe chete ari kureverera munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva wainzi haushandi, kungoti munhu ane mhosva zvaionekwa sokuti “marangana kuti munhu ane mhosva”

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Zvinhu Zvakanga Zviri Kunze Kwomutemo Pakutongwa kwaJesu

▪ Dare harina kana kumbova nevanhu vaipa umboo kana kureverera Jesu kuti anunurwe

▪ Hapana kana mutongi akaedza kutsigira Jesu, vose vaiva mhandu dzake

▪ Vapristi vakatsvaka zvapupu zvenhema kuti zviite kuti Jesu aurayiwe

▪ Nyaya yakatongwa usiku vakavharirana mumba

▪ Nyaya yakatanga kutongwa ikapedzwa mangwana acho riri Sabata

▪ Jesu akangosungwa asina kuudzwa mhosva yaaipomerwa

▪ Zvaitaurwa naJesu kuti ndiye Mesiya zvakanzi “kumhura” hazvina kumbobvira zvaongororwa

▪ Nyaya yacho payakakwidzwa kuna Pirato yakabva yashandurwa

▪ Zvaaipomerwa zvose dzaiva nhema

▪ Pirato akaona kuti Jesu akachena haana mhosva, asi akangomuuraya zvakadaro

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]

Ropa Remunhu Rinobvunzwa Mumaoko Ezvapupu

Matare echiJudha akapa nyevero iri pasi apa kuvanhu vaizopa umboo kuti vasaita zvedambe nenyaya yokupa uchapupu nokuti zvaireva upenyu hwomumwe munhu:

“Kana wakaita zvokuronga kuda kupa umboo hwokungofungidzira, kana kuti hwezvinhu zvawakangonzwawo, kana kuti kutaura zvawakanzwa chimwe chapupu chichitaura kana kuti uchifunga kuti, ‘Munhu akatiudza akanga achitaura chokwadi,’ chaunofanira kuziva ndechokuti pakupedzisira ndiwe watichabvunzurudza. Unofanira kuziva kuti mitemo ine chokuita nedzimwewo mhosva yakasiyana nemutemo unotonga mhosva inogona kuita kuti munhu aurayiwe. Kana dziri dzimwewo mhosva, munhu anobhadhara mari obva aregererwa. Vanhu vanopa umboo hwenhema vanoonekwa semhondi kwete chete dzokuuraya ari kupomerwa mhosva asiwo kuuraya vana vake vasati vaberekwa.”—Bhuku rinonzi Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 37a.

Kana ari kupomerwa mhosva akawanikwa ane mhosva, vacho vapa umboo ndivo vaifanira kumuuraya.—Revhitiko 24:14; Dheuteronomio 17:6, 7.