Lendá lá ɔwɔmbɔ w'akambo

Lendá lá akambo lá yombasɛ́

DEA/G. Dagli Orti/De Agostini via Getty Images

Huldrych Zwingli ilaka welo djɛ ndjisola akambo wa nsɔsɔlɔ wa Bible

Huldrych Zwingli ilaka welo djɛ ndjisola akambo wa nsɔsɔlɔ wa Bible

 Lɔɔko kɛnɛ, antɛmɔdji y’eloko wɔlɔ mponaka djɛ ndjewa ntsha djawo djɛwɔ mpikama lá kɛnɛ kɛ Bible olakanyɛnde kana lako. Ape nghɔsɔ ndeke lonanghemaki má ewangelo k’ɛtɛndɔ kɛ 16. Lamo? Ladjikɛnde anto efula watayalaká l’akoka wa mba Bible l’otepela wɔwɔ wɔ lowotshɔ. Lɔɔla loyalisá la nkambo djɛsɔ nde, ngo antɛmɔdji ndambo daambi ndeke lokokaki ndjɛdjɛ elakanyelo wɛ wetsha w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ yalakanyɛka la wɛ Bible olakanyɛnde. Edjinge ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya watakokaki nkotshɛ́ anto lá lɛdji lokoka. Onkanda History of the Christian Church wotepela nghɔnɛ: “Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ welá Suisse wokfumbwamaka. Ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya efula wadjipaki wiso má wayi wapɔlɔ, wawolaki wayi w’ɛdjɛngɛ edjinge akambo wambindo wa ntshɛngi.”

 Lá winá wɛsɔ ndeke, Huldrych Zwingli ndawange mpona akambo wa nsɔsɔlɔ wela Bible. Kɛkɔnge kɛ ndisola? Wopo wɔkɔnge ndakapana l’anto ankina akambo wa ndisola? Ole kɛkɔnge k’okokaso ndjeka má lowiko lɔnde edjinge má djawo djɛnde?

Zwingli ambowanga mpona nsɔsɔlɔ

 Winá wɔ ndawa ɛnɔnyi 20 la ndambo, Zwingli akɔpaka ndjala abe wa Katɔlikɛ. Ete ngo anto ankina yakombolaká ndjala Abe la’etsho wɛsɔ, Zwingli ayalaka ladjɛ ndjeka filozofi, wayi wa tosakandole la mpengu edjinge efunelo wɛ “wa Mɔpɛrɛ”​—koko ape Bible.

 Wopo wɔkɔnge Zwingli ndawange ndjisola akambo wa nsɔsɔlɔ welá Bible? Winá wɔ ndayalaka lá Univɛrsite à Bâle (Suisse), nde awangaka ndjingela l’elakanyelo wɛ Thomas Wyttenbach, kanga lotonaki ekfumbo kɛ ndjokana nkɛtshi. a kɛ nkɛlɛsiya kɛ nyimeyɛ mpekanto y’anto ngo la mbɔkɔ. Lá nkilika ɔkɔndɔ w’onto ɔmɔtshi, Zwingli “ekaka me [Wyttenbach] djɛ Kristo avɔka mbala kɛmɔ lotshinda lá nkambo djɛ mpekanto yɛso.” (1 Pɛtɛlɔ 3:18) Winá wɔ ndoke djɛ oshinga wɔ mbendo wɔ Yeso ndeke wopo ɔmɔ w’okoka mpekanto yɛso nyimeyama, Zwingli atonaka elakanyelo w’ente ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya wakokaki nyimeyɛ mpekanto y’anto ntsha iwɔ ndapɛyɛ mfalanga. (Elemo 8:20) Koko, Zwingli akindjɛka la nkalasa kɛnde ole akomaka pastɛrɛ kɛ Katɔlikɛ winá wɔ ndawa ɛnɔnyi 22.

 Winá wɔ ndayalaka la ɛnɔnyi 20, Zwingli ekaka otepela wɔ Grɛkɛ djɛ ndjoka otepela w’ofunamisá Afunelo w’Akristo wa Grɛkɛ w’etawɔ ambɔ Daka djɛ Bango. Nde ashishimaka lonkina enkanda wɛ Erasmus ko ekakaka ete ngo Bible olakanyɛnde ante, Yeso alekɔ ntepedji kɛ l’anteyɛ Ndjambe la anto. (1 Timɔte 2:5) Lɔɔla loyalisá la nkambo djɛsɔ nde, Zwingli awangaka ndjala la ehamo lá elakanyelo wɛ ase Katɔlikɛ w’otepelawɔ ambɔ anto nkoka nkammba la nyuma yɛpɛnɛma djɛ ndasukanyɛ anto la Ndjambe.

 Zwingli awangaka mpona akambo wa nsɔsɔlɔ winá wɔ ndayalaka l’ɛnɔnyi 30 la ndjakfe. Koko, kaanga yayalaka nghɔsɔ, nde akambaka ete ngo ilɔndjɛ yɛ ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’angala la mbandji kenanemaki lá Europe l’ɛlɔndjɛlɔ kɛ Italie. Lá mbandji kenanemaki lá Marignan lá 1515, nde ɛnaka nunu dj’ase Katɔlikɛ wayaka ase Katɔlikɛ ankina. Ɛnɔnyi emangha m’ɔkɔngɔ, Zwingli awangaka nsangola l’ɛwɔ edjinge akotaka wayi efula w’Afunelo wa Grɛkɛ lá wɔɔngɔ. Lá 1519, nde awikaki lá Zurich, edjena keyalaki eloyi wɛ pɔlitikɛ wɛ Suisse. L’eteyi ndeke ndatshu ntosuyɛ ante ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wapakoke ndakanyɛ nkambo nkfumɔ djepalakanyɛ Afunelo. Iya koko wopo wɔkɔnge ndakoke nkotshɛ́ anto ankina djɛ ndjawola nkambo djɛsɔ?

“Totokaka wopo wɔ esambishelo kɛ nghɔsɔ ntondo”

 Zwingli awolaka ante anto ladjɛ ntona elakanyelo w’ongolo wɛ nkɛlɛsiya ntsha wambisola nsɔsɔlɔ kɛ má Bible. Djɛko ndeke m’ɔkɔngɔ wɔnde nsɔnama Abe l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’ekekete efula wɔ Grossmünster wɔ Zaruch, nde awangaka l’elakanyelo wɛnde l’etepela wɛ djedjɛ wɛnɛ ante: Nde apawalaki lonkina enkanda wɛ Latin lectionary b wɛ yawalaka wiina wa ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya wemá deko djemboheta. La edjena kɛ nangha nghɔsɔ, nde ayalka ladjɛ mpopsanyɛ Afunelo mbala kɛkɔ kɛmɔ ma Bible, chapitrɛ la chapitrɛ, má ewangelo tii l’ekomo. L’edjena kɛ nangha nghɔsɔ, nde ayalaka ladjɛ ndakanyɛ akambo w’ima Afunelo mbala kɛkɔ kɛmɔ má Bible, shapitrɛ la shapitrɛ, má ewangelo tii l’ekomo. L’edjena kɛ ndawɛkɛ lá tokanyi t’ase Katɔlikɛ djɛ ndjewa Afunelo, nde ayalaki ladjɛ ntshikadj’Afunelo yɔmɛlɛ ndaasipisoyɛ. Nde akambaka la ntenyi mɔtshi djɛ Bible djɛ wɔdju ngo djɛ nsipisoyɛ ntenyi djɛ wolo.​—2 Timɔte 3:16.

Sergio Azenha/Alamy Stock Photo

The Grossmünster church in Zurich

 Winá wɔ ndalakanyɛka, Zwingli akotshɛki anto djɛ nyɛna ambɔ ngo Bible ndeke lokoka nkotshɛ́ anto djɛ nyɛna ambɔ Bible djayalaki djonyi lá lowiko lɔ lofu la lofu. Nde alakanyɛki tɔkfɔ walendana la nanghedji w’otanaso lá Bible edjinge alakanyɛki ante topakoke ntɛmɔla Mariya kɛ nyangho Yeso, ndɔmba nyuma yɛpɛnama edjinge atawola enanghedji kel’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ kɛ ndjokana djandji má nyimeyɛ onto evunga má mpɛyɛ ekete kɛmɔtshi edjinge wayi wa mbindo wa ntshɛngi wananghaki ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya. Anto yananghe mo? M’ɔkɔngɔ wɔ djamba djɛnde djɛ ntondo, anto amɔtshi watepelaka ambɔ: “Totokaka wopo w’olakanyelo wɔ nghɔsɔ.” Edjinge ndjewi kɛ wamba kɛmɔtshi afunaka lá nkambo dj’anto wel’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’ase Katɔlikɛ wekameyɛki Zwingli ambɔ: “Edjinge watshikisá ntshɔ t’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ m’ɔtɛ wɔ yadjimbama má wayi w’ipe ntshina la wa mbindo w’ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya, wakalɔka ntɛmɔla lonkina.”

 Lá 1522, ewandji wɛ nkɛlɛsiya wananghaka la wolo onkfumɔ djɛ nsimela ewandji wɛ pɔlitikɛ welá Zurich dj’iwɔ nshimba anto dj’ipa iwɔ nangha nkambo nkfumɔ djenanyɛ ɛkɛlɛsiya. Lɔɔla loyalisá la nkambo djɛsɔ nde, Zwingli ayɛka ndɔsama ete ngo ntɔmbɔki. Má ntona djɛ ntshika djawo djɛnde, nde awolaka ntshika ndjala Abe w’ase Katɔlikɛ.

Zwingli ndoonangha nge?

 Zwingli atayala lonkina Abe, koko nde akindjɛka ndakanyɛ la akindjɛka nangha la wolo djɛ ndjewoyɛ anto ankina djɛ ndjala la yewo ete ngo ndananghe. Nde ayɛka ndewama lombombe le anto má elakanyelo wɛnde edjinge kenanghaka djɛ anto ndjala la djedjɛ dj’efula te ase pɔlitikɛ welá Zurich. Kaanga ndayalaka onto wɔ djonyi efula le ase pɔlitikɛ, nde ananghaka la wolo djɛ ndjakala etshikitano l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ welá Zurich. Ndjɔmbɔmba, lá 1523, nde ayɛka ndokfumbola ewandji wɛ lɛɛta welá Zurich dj’iwɔ nshimba elakanyelo enkfumɔ wɛ ntolo wepafɔnɛ l’Afunelo. Lá 1524, ákfumbolaka dj’iwɔ ndjila ɔlɛmbɛ djɛ ntolo djekamba la tosakandole alikɔ nyɛtshi lá nkilika ɛlɛmbɛ. Tosushi telá mbandja esanga l’ewandji wɛ lɛɛta edjinge anto ankina, watshitaka djena djɛ yalambolaka elambo efula, tosekandole, mpengu edjinge wa mɔnima. Onkanda Zwingli—God’s Armed Prophet ntepelaka ante: “Má wopo wɔ angala wa yetaka Vikings amvulu yɛ ntolo dj’engolo djɛ ndjɔngɔla nkete, ɛtɛmwɛlɔ welá Occident wetatshitana lonkina lá lɛdji lɔsɔ. Má 1525, adjimbolaka ewandji wɛ lɛɛta dj’iwɔ ndjila mvulu yɛ ntolo mvulu yɛ mpitalo edjinge ndjawola djɛ w’Abe la wa Masɛrɛ. Nde apɛyɛka lonkina ikanyi yɛ mpɛnyɛ Misá la enanghedji kɛmɔtshi kana fɛtɛ kɛ wɔdju keyɛ má Bible. (1 Kɔrɛtɔ 11:23-25) Andjewi wa wamba ambɔ welo w’ilisá Zwingli atshindaka ɛtɛmwɛlɔ welá Zurich ole ewandji wɛ pɔlitikɛ dj’iwɔ ndjala esanga edjinge wananghaka etshikitano la yopo imɔtshi y’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ yɛ bango ntepela ente ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wɔ Musɔnyi.

The 1536 edition of the Zurich Bible, World Headquarters of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Warwick, New York

 Kɛnɛ kelekisá djonyi le Zwingli nde okadjimwelo wɔ Bible. L’ilá k’ɔnɔnyi wɔ 1520, akambaka esanga l’oloyi ɔmɔtshi w’anto wa tiimba djɛ nkadjimola Bible má nkamba la yopo yɛ wɔdju. Wawalaka vɛrse nkfumɔ m’otepela wɔ Hebero la Grɛkɛ edjinge má nkadjimwelo djeyalaki lá winá wɛsɔ, ndjila edjinge ekadjimwelo kɛ Grɛkɛ kɛ la Septante edjinge kɛ Latin Vulgate. Ekambedji kɛwɔ kayalaki wɔdju. Wayalaki ladjɛ mbala vɛrse nkfumɔ má otepela wɔ yafune ko ntakilikaka wopo wɔk’ɔmɔ wokadjimwamisá lá nkadjimwelo nkina. Ko wayalaki ladjɛ mpenghanyɛ tokanyi nsakiso k’avɛrse la l’ekomo k’iwɔ mfuna kɛnɛ yomboka. Lɔɔla loyalisá l’olemo wɔwɔ wɔ nsipisoyɛ la nkadjimola Otepela wɔ Ndjambe nde waposɛka Bible djɛ Zurich lá 1531.

 Mbala imɔtshi Zwingli ayalaki onto wotepelaki wayi wa nsɔsɔlɔ koko nde atilaka yimba djawo dj’anto ankina edjinge ayalaki lopango efula. Ndjɔmbɔmba, lá 1525, nde asukaka oloyi w’ɛnyɛki wa Anasbaptistes ndjolo má wopo wɔ yatonaka ndawola djawo djɛnde djetepela djɛ wana wa dɛngɛ wakokaki dongola batisimo. Winá wɔ ase lɛɛta yawange mvunda anto djɛ ndafunela lokando lɔ nyɔyi le onto onkfumɔ wokindjɛki ntona batisimo djɛ dɛngɛ, nde lako ntepela ante nkano djɛ nyɔyi djayalaki nyɛtshi. Atshindaka ewandji wɛ pɔlitikɛ djɛ ntoma angala djɛ ntshanghanyɛ ndjewo kɛsɔ. Koko, nkɛlɛsiya efula djɛ wolo dj’ase Katɔlikɛ djelá Suisse watonaki ikanyi yɛnde yɛsɔ. Nkambo djɛsɔ djeposɛka mbandji kɛ wana mbandja. Zwingli atshɔka nya angala amɔtshi má Zurich tá edjena kenanemaki mbandji ko ndombotovɔ l’eteyi l’ɛnɔnyi 47.

Kɛnɛ ketshikisá Zwingli

 Ipa l’hamo, Huldrych Zwingli ananghaka nkambo mɔtshi djembotshikala l’ɔkɔndɔ wɔ wana w’anto kaanga ndotayala la lomo efula l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wɔ Musɔnyi ete ngo Martin Lutter la Jean Calvin yayalaka. Zwingli imɛka ndjolo efula m’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ welá Ɔrɔma w’ase Katɔlikɛ ndaka Lutter edjinge welo wɛ ndile wenanghaka djɛ anto ndjawola tokanyi tɔ Calvin ipa l’okakasano. Má nkambo djɛsɔ, ndeke ndetama Onto w’asato woyakalisá etshikitano.

 Akambo wa Zwingli ndananghe wayalaka la lɔɔla lɔ wɔlɔ edjinge lɔ pɔlɔ. L’okoma wɔ mpoposanyɛ tokanyi tɔnde, nde ayɛka ndengela lá wayi wa pɔlitikɛ la w’ambandji. Má nangha nkɔkɔsɔ, nde atayɛ ndolonga djɛ nkilika ndjɔmbɔmba kɛ Yeso Kristo kanga lotonisá djɛ ndawila l’akambo wa pɔlitikɛ edjinge lolakanyɛki ambeki wande dj’iwɔ nkɔpa antonyi wawɔ, koko ape ndayaka.​—Mateo 5:43, 44; Djɔanɛ 6:14, 15.

 Lá mbamba kenkina, Zwingli ewama ete ngo ombeki wɔ nkɔmano wɔ Bible woyawilelisá okoma wɔ nkapana l’anto akambo wa ndeke. Nde isolaka wayi lombombe wa nsɔsɔlɔ wimá Bible edjinge akotshɛka anto ankina djɛ nangha wopo wɔk’ɔmɔ.

a Ndjoka onto nkɛtshi ayalaki djokanelo djɛ ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ w’ɛnyɛki ambɔ iwɔ wayalaki ladjɛ nkaakitshɛ kana nyimɛ toluku tɔmɔtshi tokokaki onto nyɛna ndjolo lá ifɛrnɔ m’ɔkɔngɔ wɔ nyɔyi kɛnde.

b Onkanda ɔmɔtshi wɔ Latin lectionary alekɔ onkanda wolekɔ́ l’avɛrse wela Bible wa lowiko wawalemaki l’ilá k’ɛnɔnyi efula.