Mushindo watudi bapete Bible

Mushindo upande Bible ku buluishi bui mpaa na lelo nyi muanda wa kukaanya. Abaadi bapudishe kumufunda takudi bipua bikile pa 1900. Abaadi bamufunde ku bintu abiluilaa masaki abadi bakite na papyrus na ku ma parchemin abadi bakite na misokia ya nyema na bifundue bia kumpala bibaadi mu ndimi ipeela y’abesamba kui bantu bapeela lelo uno. Na dingi, bantu baasha bukome, kukatuka ku ba emperere na bakata ba bipuilo, abakimbile bia kushimisha Bible.

MMUSHINDO kinyi upande uno mukanda ukata ku bioso biabadi bakite bua kuiuluisha lelo uno taudi bu mukanda wabauuku kukila ingi yoso? Tubande kutala mianda ibidi.

Mikanda ibungi ngilame bifundue

Balami ba bifundue bia kumpala bia mu Bible, bena Isaleele, abaadi balame kalolo mifungofungo ya kumpala abo nkuiyifunduula mu mikanda ibungi. Kileshesho, ba mfumu ba mu Isaleele abaadi bebalungule’shi, ‘batentule abo baanabeene mu mukanda, miiya ayibapa batshiite mwakwidi Bena-Levi.’​—Miiya Ikituulwe 17:18.

Bena Isaleele bebungi babaadi bafule kubadika Bifundue, abebiata bu Eyi dia Efile Mukulu. Nyi buakinyi bifundue bibaabadi abatentuula abaadi babebifundu na kalolo kooso kui ba skribe balongie bia kufunda kalolo. Skribe umune baadi atshinyi Efile Mukulu abetamina bu Esela abamuitamina bu “baadi auuku kalolo bia kufunda muiya wa Moyise, ubaabadi bamupe kui Yehowa Efile Mukulu a Isaleele.” (Esela 7:6, NWT) Bantu babetamina bu ba Massoretes abaadi abatentuula Bifundue bia mu kina Ebelu, sunga bu “Kilombeeno kikulu” pankatshi pa siekele a kasamombo na siekele a ekumi, bino bipungo bietu (B.B.), abaadi mpaa na ababadika maleta bua kupela kukita kilema pa kufunda. Kuno kufunda kua kalolo, kubaadi kukuashe bua’shi bifundue bioso tabishiminanga, na Bible apande sunga ekala ku bintu abiluila bukidi, sunga ku bioso abikitshi bantu bua kumushimisha.

Kileshesho, mu kipua kia 168 kumpala kua bipungo bietu (K.B.B.), Antiochus IV, mfumu a mu Sirii batompele kuluisha mikanda yabadi bafunde Bifundue bia mu kina Ebelu bibaadi apete mu Palestine mushima. Mianda ya kala ya bena Yunda ayilesha’sh: “Mufungofungo ooso wa muiya ubaabadi abapete abaadi abeusaana na kuiushiika kaalo.” Mukanda wa The Jewish Encyclopedia awamba’shi: “Bakata babaabadi bape matalua a kukita uno mudimo, babaadi abebikitshi na nsungu yoso . . . Su b’akupeta na mukanda wi selele . . . Abakutshibila kibawe kia lufu.” Anka, mikanda ya Bifundue ibaadi ipande ku maasa kua bena Yunda, babaadi mu Palestine na bangi babaadi mu angi maumbo.

Mafuku apeela kunyima kua bafundi ba Bifundue bia kina Greke kia bena Kidishitu, sunga’shi “Kilombeeno kipya,” babapuile mudimo wabo wa kufunda, mikanda ya bifundue biyokielue, matemuki, na miisambo ya mianda ya kala bibafuimine. Bu kileshesho, Yowano bafundile Evanjile aaye mu Efeso sunga’shi peepi na Efeso. Bantu balongie mianda ya kala abalesha’shi kipese kia yawa Evanjile mbakekipete kula mu Ejipitu mbalo i mu bilometre bikile bungi, kunyima kua bipua peepi na 50 n’aye kufunda muisambo wi muanka. Kufumbula kua kino kipese akushinkamisha’shi bena Kidishitu ba mu maumbo e kula babaadi na ma kopi a bifundue biyokielue bibaadi kuanka aa mafuku.

Kuabila kua Eyi di’Efile Mukulu nkukuashe bua’shi dikale kuanka kunyima kua ma siekele a kipungo kia Kidishitu. Kileshesho, pa kutunduka kua nguba muifuku dia 23 mueshi wa Kabidi kipua kia 303 B.B., Dioclétien Amperere a mu Looma abalesha’shi baadi mumone basalayi baye kuabapomona biibi bia ku kipuilo na kushiika ma kopi a Bifundue kaalo. Dioclétien baadi apuandikisha’shi ashimisha bena Kidishitu booso, su bashimisha bifundue biselele. Butookie bua diadia efuku, belele muiya mu Ampire mushima a Looma wa’shi, bashiikie ma kopi ooso a ma Bible kaalo pa mbalo ayimono bantu booso. Anka, angi ma kopi abaadi apande, na abo nkuiafunduula. Biabia, bipindi bikata bia ma kopie abidi a mu kina Greke bibaabadi bafunduule mafuku apeela kunyima kua Dioclétien kukimba kuibishimisha, bikuanka mpaa na lelo uno. Kimune ki mu Looma; kingi ki mu Biblioteke bia mu Grande Bretagne mu Londre mu Angleterre.

Sunga biekala’shi ta mbabande kupeta ma maniskri a ku kimbangilo, ma kopi a ma Bible abadi bafunde ku maasa a Bible mushima sunga kipindi e kuanka mpaa na lelo uno. Angi ngapue kukula. Mianda ibaabadi bafunde ku kibangilo ngishintulukie su? Mungi muntu sha binangu abetamina bu W. H. Green akula bino pabitale Bifundue bia kina Ebelu’shi: “Tui kuamba’shi takui bifundue biakala biabadi balame kalolo kukila bino nya.” Pabititale Bifundue bia kina Greke mungi muntu muende nkumo abetamina bu Frederic Kenyon bafundile bino: “Kuilekeena kui pankatshi pa mafuku ababafundile bifundue bia kumpala na bino biatudi nabio kano kabidi, ta muanda wa kuata na muulo upeela nya, na kintu kioso kikumbene kutusha mpaka ya’shi Bifundue tatui bebipete muyile bibaabadi bebifunde, takii kuanka dingi nya. Kuikala kuaye kua kuanka na binyibinyi bi’akula mianda nka biayidi, mikanda ya mu Kilombeeno kipia ngi biakuata na muulo ukata.” Bakuile dingi’shi: “Bi bukopo bua kushinkamisha’shi bifundue bi mu Bible bi nka biabibaadi. . . . Takui mukanda wa kala su ngumune ukumbene kuikala biabia nya.”

Kualuula kua Bible

Kintu kikata kia kabidi kikuashe bua’shi Bible ekale kui bantu bebungi, mpa muanda e mu ndimi ibungi. Uno muanda nguipushene na mpángo y’Efile Mukulu ya’shi bisamba bioso, ndimi yoso imuiukie na kumulanguila “mu kikudi na mu binyibinyi.”​—Yowano 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Bible a kumpala aukibua kalolo, abaabadi baluule Bifundue bia kina Ebelu nyi Bible a Septante e mu kina Greke. Abaadi bamualuule bua kukuasha bena Yunda abesamba kina Greke babaadi bashaale kula na Palestine, na babapudiishe kumufunda peepi na siekele ibidi kumpala kua mudimo wa Yesu wa pansenga. Bible mushima mpaa na Bifundue bia kina Greke babaadi bamualuule mu ndimi ibungi kunyima kua siekele ipeela. Anka, ba mfumu na bakata ba bipuilo babaadi balombene kukita muabo mooso bua’shi bantu bapete Bible, ta mbakite biabia nya. Abakitshiine muabo mooso bua kuleka mikooko yabo mu mufito wa mu kikudi bapela bua’shi Eyi di’Efile Mukulu tadialuuluanga mu ndimi ayakula bantu booso.

Bua kupela kukookiela abiamba kipuilo na mbulamatadi, bantu baasha mashimba anyingie babaadi batuule muwa wabo mu masaku bua kualuula Bible mu ndimi ayakula bantu booso. Kileshesho, mu 1530, mungi muntu a mu Angleterre abetamina bu William Tyndale, baadi mulongie ku kilongielo kia Oxford, baadi mutushe Patateke, mikanda itano ya kumpala ya mu Bifundue bia kina Ebelu. Sunga mbiakubaadi mushikua wi bukopo, baadi muntu a kumpala kualuula Bible kukatukila mu kina Ebelu amualuula mu Anglais. Dingi, Tyndale baadi mualuudi a kumpala baadi mufubishe eshina Yehowa mu Anglais. Mungi muntu a mu Espagne mulongie mianda ya Bible abetamina bu Casiodoro de Reina, abakiebele kumuipaa kui bena Katolike pabaadi akitshi muaye mooso bua kualuula Bible mu Espagnol. Pabaadi akimbi bia kupudisha mudimo waye wa kualuula bayile mu Angleterre, Allemagne, France, Pays-Bas, na mu Suisse. *

Lelo uno, Bible bakuete kumualuula mu ndimi ikile bungi, na bakuete kuabila midiyo yaaye. Kupanda kuaye bua’shi bamuiukie bu mukanda ukile ingi yoso, akushinkamisha mayi ayokielue a Mpyeele mutumibua abambile’shi: “Lubishi aluumu na kilongo kyaalwo akipono, anka eyi dya Yehowa adishaala iikalayika.”​—1 Mpyeele 1:24, 25.

[Mianda i mushi muesaki]

[Kashibo/​Mafoto]

BIBLE KINYI ANDI MULOMBENE KUBADIKA?

Ndimi i bungi i na ma Bible e bungi elekeenelekeene. Angi ma Bible ngafubishe ngakuilo a kala, e bukopo kupusha. Angi ma Bible, baluudi mbaluule biabakumiina bua kusankisha ababadika, kushi’bo kuakula mianda biayidi. Angi namu mbealuule nka bi’abapusha kishima ku kishima.

Anka Bible a Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau a mu anglais, abadi batushe kui ba Temue ba Yehowa, mbamukite kubanga ku ndimi ya ku mbangilo kui komite a bafundi. Uno Bible mmukuashe bua kutusha angi ma Bible mu ingi ndimi 60. Baluudi ba ino ndimi yoso, babaadi abaluula nka ku bukuashi bua bifundue bia mu ludimi lua ku kibangilo. Kepatshila ka Traduction du monde nouveau, kabaadi ka kutusha bifundue bia ndimi ya kukibangilo nka biayidi kishima ku kishima, sunga ta bibaadi abipushika kalolo. Baluudi bakuete kuikitshisha bua kutusha Bible apushika kalolo kui bantu ababadika ba ano mafuku eetu, nka bu bibaadi abipushika bifundue bia ku kibangilo kui bantu ba aa mafuku a kala.

Bangi bantu balongie pabitale ndimi, mbataluule ma Bible a ano mafuku eetu, mpaa na Traduction du monde nouveau, bua kumona bileshesho bishi bipushene na kumona mianda yabadi beele kui baluudi abo banabene. Jason David BeDuhn, Ngumune a ku bantu balongie kalasa ka mianda ya bipuilo, mmulongieshi a ku Université du nord de l’Arizona, aux États-Unis. Mu 2003, batushiishe mukanda wi na masaki 200 a kulonga, e na ma “Bible kitema abadi bakambe kufubisha kui bantu abakulaa ludimi lua Anglais.” * Mu kutaluula kuaye kua bifundue, mmusangane’shi bifundue mbikutuene, na mui “mianda i bungi yabadi beele kui baluudi abo banabene.” Pabaadi ataluula bifundue, baadi ebipuandikisha na bifundue bia ludimi lua kina Greke bua kumona su binangu bi muanka mbebiele mu Bible a mu Anglais, na kutala su mbatompe kushintula mpushisho. Mmusangane mianda kinyi?

BeDuhn alesha’shi, kumpala kua bantu booso na kua bantu balongie mianda ya Bible, kuilekeena kui mu Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau, (NW) mpa muanda baluudi mbakambe kunemeena nka ku lulanguilo luabo. Sunga mbiabia, amba’shi: “Kui kuilekeena kui bungi kui mu NW, Bishima bi bungi bia mu ndimi ya ku kikabangilo, mbebialuule nka biabidi na budimu.” Sunga mbibaadi BeDuhn mukutue kusangeela Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau, amba’shi: “Uno Bible mbamualuule nka biabidi p’atumupuandikisha na angi ma Bible.” Na amuitanyina’shi: “Nyi Bible abadi baluule kalolo” kukila yoso.

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, muina Isaleele mulongie kina Ebelu, bakuile nka ano mayi e mumune pabitale Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau. Mu kipua kia 1989 bambile’shi: “Uno mudimo aulesha biabadi bekitshishe buabadia kufika mu kutusha binangu bi mu bifundue nka biabidi. . . . Kashaa ntamfumankeene na muanda su ngumune mu Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau, wabadi beele kui baluudi kushi nka mianda i muanka.”

Eyipushe obe nabene’shi: ‘Kepatshila kande nkinyi mu kubadika kua Bible? Okuminaa kukimba nka biabadi bafunde Bible su okuminaa kumona su mbamualuule kalolo? Sunga’shi nankumiina kubadika binangu abipushena na bifundue bia ku kibangilo su?’ (2 Mp. 1:20, 21) Kepatshila koobe akalesha Bible okumiina kubadika.

[Mianda i mushi muesaki]

[Foto]

Bible a “Traduction du monde nouveau” e kuanka mu ndimi i bungi

[Foto]

Maniskri a ba Massorete

[Foto]

Kipese ki na Luka 12:7, “. . . Tanutshinanga: Nwi na kineemo kukila bimusodya bi bungi, Kilombeeno Kipya 2014”

[Akufiki mafoto]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin