Bewati Yini Ngaloku?

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Bekwenteka mbamba yini endvulo kutsi kufike umuntfu ahlanyele lukhula ensimini yalomunye?

Lencwadzi i-“Digest” yanga-1468 leyabhalwa nguMbusi Justinian ingulenye yetincwadzi letikhuluma kabanti ngemtsetfo wasendvulo

KUMATEWU 13:24-26, Jesu watsi: “Umbuso welizulu ufanana nendvodza leyahamba yayawuhlanyela inhlanyelo lenhle ensimini yayo. Kepha ebusuku, bantfu sebalele bonkhe, kwefika sitsa sayo sahlanyela lukhula emkhatsini walamabele, sesuka sahamba. Latsi kube likhule likhaba litsele titselo, kwase kubonakala lukhula.” Babhali labehlukene bayangabata kutsi lomfanekiso lowashiwo nguJesu kufanele utsatfwe njengobe unjalo, kantsi babhali bemtsetfo baseRoma bona batsi kufanele utsatfwe njengobe unjalo.

Lesinye sichaza magama seliBhayibheli sitsi: “Kuhlanyela lukhula lolungushevu ensimini yalomunye ngenca yekutsi ufuna kutiphindziselela . . . bekubucala ngekwemtsetfo wemaRoma. Lokutsi kuze kube nemtsetfo lokhuluma ngalendzaba kukhombisa kutsi lesento besivamile.” Lomunye umfundzi wetemtsetfo Alastair Kerr, wachaza kutsi nga-533 C.E. uMbusi wemaRoma Justinian washicilela incwadzi letsi “Digest”, lenengcikitsi yemtsetfo wemaRoma kanye nalokushiwo tati temtsetfo kusukela cishe nga-100-250 C.E. Kulencwadzi (i-“Digest”, 9.2.27.14), lesinye sati semtsetfo lesingu-Ulpian sakhuluma ngelicala lelatekwa yindvodza lengumRoma lenguCelsus, ngelikhulu lesibili leminyaka. Bekuhlanyelwe lukhula ensimini yalomunye umuntfu futsi loko kwabulala loko lebekuhlanyelwe. Lencwadzi i-“Digest” beyikhuluma ngekutsi umtsetfo bewungamsita njani umnikati wensimu nobe loyo lobolekwe insimu kute atfole sincephetelo kuloyo logangile.

Lokutsi lesento selunya besivamile eMbusweni waseRoma etikhatsini tasendvulo, kukhombisa kutsi lomfanekiso lowentiwa nguJesu wawukhuluma ngentfo leyatiwako.

Umbuso wemaRoma watiniketa inkhululeko lengakanani tikhulu temaJuda tangelikhulu lekucala lebetiseJudiya?

NGALESO sikhatsi, iJudiya beyibuswa ngemaRoma labekamelwe ngumbusi lonemasotja. Lokwakubaluleke kakhulu kuye kubutsa umtselo uye eRoma kanye nekugcina kuhleleka nebunye. EmaRoma abenaka kakhulu kutsi yonkhe imisebenti lebeyingekho emtsetfweni ivinjelwe kanye nekujezisa nobe ngubani lophatamisa kuthula. Ngaphandle kwaloko, emaRoma abekujabulela kushiyela yonkhe imisebenti yekucondzisa nekunakekela sifundza etandleni tebaholi bendzawo.

Luhlelo luyachubeka eNkantolo YemaJuda

INkantolo YemaJuda beyisebenta njengeNkantolo Lephakeme futsi beyinemandla etindzabeni letiphatselene nemtsetfo wemaJuda. Tinkantolo letincane betikhona kulo lonkhe laseJudiya. Tindzaba temibango kanye nemacala ekwephula umtsetfo lamanyenti bekanakekelwa nguletinkantolo ngaphandle kwekungenela kwebabusi baseRoma. Yinye nje kuphela intfo tinkantolo temaJuda lebetiyishiyela kubabusi baseRoma, sigwebo sentsambo. Sinye nje simo lebesingaketayeleki nalesatiwako lesentiwa ngemalunga eNkantolo YemaJuda, kungalesikhatsi batekisa Stefano licala futsi bamgcoba ngematje waze wafa.—Imis. 6:8-15; 7:54-60.

Ngako leNkantolo YemaJuda beyititsatsa tincumo letinkhulu. Kodvwa umfundzi weliBhayibheli Emil Schürer utsi: “Tiphatsimandla taseRoma betingachamuka nobe nini tifike titibambele tona tintsambo ngaphandle kwekusitwa nguletiNkantolo TemaJuda, ikakhulukati nangabe kusolakala kutsi kunebucala lobuphatselene netembusave.” Sibonelo saloku kungalesikhatsi kuphetse Klawudiyusi Lisiyasi lobekangumkhuzeli wemphi, lowavalela umphostoli Pawula ejele kani usakhamuti saseRoma.—Imis. 23:26-30.