Elias Hutter NemaBhayibheli Akhe EsiHebheru Lamangalisako
UNGAKHONA yini kufundza liBhayibheli lesiHebheru? Kungenteka angeke. Mhlawumbe awukase ulibone. Noma kunjalo, ungakhulisa kubonga kwakho ngeliBhayibheli ngekutsi ufundze lokutsite nga-Elias Hutter, sati sangelikhulu lesi-16 leminyaka kanye nangetincenye letimbili temiBhalo yesiHebheru latibhala.
Elias Hutter watalwa nga-1553 eGörlitz, lidolobha lelincane lelisemnceleni weGermany losemkhatsini wePoland neCzech Republic. Hutter waya eLutheran University eJena wayofundza tilwimi taseMphumalanga ye-Asia. Nasaneminyaka lecishe ibe ngu-24, wakhetfwa kutsi abe nguprofesa wesiHebheru eLeipzig. Njengoba bekakhutsata imfundvo, wase usungula sikolwa eNuremberg futsi bafundzi bebakhona kufundza siHebheru, siGriki, siLathini kanye nesiJalimane ngeminyaka lemine, intfo lebeyingeke yenteke kulesinye sikolwa noma inyuvesi.
“BUHLE BALELIHUMUSHO”
Likhasi lekucala leliBhayibheli laHutter lesiHebheru langa-1587
Nga-1587, Hutter wabhala Lithestamente Lelidzala ngesiHebheru. Belibitwa ngekutsi yi-Derekh ha-Kodesh lokusho kutsi ‘Indlela Yebungcwele’ futsi belitsatselwe encwadzini ya-Isaya 35:8. Letinhlavu temagama betinemavi latsi, “yonkhe intfo lekulelihumusho iveta buhle balo.” Kepha lokwenta leliBhayibheli laba ligugu kakhulu kutsi bafundzi bebakhona kulisebentisa njengelithuluzi lelihle lekufundza siHebheru.
Kuze ucondze kutsi kungani liBhayibheli lesiHebheru laHutter belilusito, cabanga ngetinkinga letimbili umfundzi labehlangabetana nato nakafundza liBhayibheli ngesiHebheru. Kwekucala, siHebheru besisebentisa tinhlavu temagama lalukhuni nalangaketayeleki. Kwesibili, sicalo nesijobelelo seligama besenta kutsi leligama lingafundzeki. Nasi sibonelo, cabanga ngeligama lesiHebheru lelitsi נפשׁ (lelihunyushwe ngekutsi ne’phesh), lelisho “umphefumulo.” KuHezekeli 18:4, leligama licalisa nga-ה (ha), ngako leligama bese litsi הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh), lokusho “umphefumulo.” Kumuntfu longakafundzi, ligama lelitsi הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh) lingabonakala lehluke kakhulu kulelitsi נפשׁ (ne’phesh).
Kute asite bafundzi bakhe, Hutter wasebentisa indlela lehlakaniphile yekubhala—wenta luhla lwetinhlavu tesiHebheru waphindze wabhala ngato imisho. Wabhala ticu teligama ngalinye asebentisa tinhlavu talo. Wasebentisa tinhlavu temagama letinkhulu nakabhala ticalo netijobelelo. Lendlela yakwenta kwaba melula kutsi bafundzi batibone ticu temagama esiHebheru futsi loko kwabasita kutsi bafundze lolulwimi. I-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References isebentisa indlela lefanako emibhalweni yangentasi. * Sicu sibhalwe ngemagama latopele bese kutsi sicalo nesijobelelo sibhalwe ngendlela levamile. Lesitfombe sikhombisa tinhlavu temagama letisetjentiswe encwadzini yaHezekeli 18:4 eBhayibhelini lesiHebheru laHutter futsi tisetjentiswe evesini lelifanako embhalweni longentasi ku-Reference Bible.
LIHUMUSHO LESIHEBHERU “LELITHESTAMENTE LELISHA”
Hutter waphindze wabhala Lithestamente Lelisha ngetilwimi letingu-12. LeliBhayibheli lashicilelwa eNuremberg nga-1599 futsi livame kubitwa ngekutsi yiNcwadzi yaseNuremberg. Hutter bekafuna kube nelihumusho lesiHebheru LemiBhalo YemaKhristu YesiGriki. Kodvwa watsi ngisho noma bekafisa “kubhadala imali lenyenti” kute kuhunyushwe liBhayibheli lesiHebheru, loko bekungeke kuphumelele. * Ngako wancuma kutihumushela yena Lithestamente Lelisha ngesiHebheru alisusela elulwimi lwesiGriki. Wabeka yonkhe imisebenti yakhe eceleni, ngako wacedza kuhumusha leliBhayibheli ngemnyaka munye!
Belilusito kanganani lihumusho laHutter lesiHebheru LemiBhalo YemaKhristu YesiGriki? Sati sesiHebheru sangelikhulu lesi-19 Franz Delitzsch sabhala satsi: “Lihumusho lesiHebheru laHutter lisebentisa emagama langasetjentiswa kakhulu ngemaKhristu, futsi solo lilusito, ngobe ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi abekhona kukhetsa emagama lakahle.”
IMIPHUMELA LEMIHLE YEMAHUMUSHO A-ELIAS HUTTER
Hutter akazange anjinge ngemsebenti wakhe wekuhumusha, ngobe emaBhayibheli akhe akazange atsengwe kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, umsebenti wakhe bewubalulekile, futsi waba nemiphumela lemihle. Nasi sibonelo, nga-1661 William Robertson wabuketa liThestamente lelisha lesiHebheru laHutter futsi walishicilela kabusha, kwatsi nga-1798 Richard Caddick naye waphindze walibuketa wase uyalishicilela. Nakahumusha asusela elulwimini lwesiGriki, Hutter wabhala kutsi sicu lesitsi Kyʹri·os (Nkhosi) nalesitsi The·osʹ (Nkulunkulu) tisho kutsi “Jehova” (יהוה, JHVH). Loku abekwenta nangabe kucashunwe emavi lasemBhalweni wesiHebheru noma lapho abebona ngatsi kukhulunywa ngaJehova. Loku kuyajabulisa ngobe ngisho nome lamanye emahumusho angalisebentisi ligama laNkulunkulu, emahumusho aHutter ayalisebentisa futsi loku kwengeta bufakazi lobusekela kubuyiselwa kweligama laNkulunkulu EmiBhalweni YemaKhristu YesiGriki.
Nawuphindze ubona ligama lelitsi Jehova EmiBhalweni YemaKhristu YesiGriki noma emiBhalweni yangentasi ku Reference Bible, ubokhumbula umsebenti wa-Elias Hutter kanye nemaBhayibheli akhe esiHebheru lamangalisako.
^ sig. 7 Fundza umbhalo longentasi wesibili waHezekeli 18:4 kanye na-Appendix 3B ku-Reference Bible.
^ sig. 9 Kuliciniso kutsi kukhona tati letake tahumusha Lithestamente Lelisha ngesiHebheru. Lomunye wato bekunguSimon Atoumanos, lobekalilunga lenkholo ngabo-1360. Lomunye bekungu-Oswald Schreckenfuchs, lobekasati saseGermany nga-1565. Lamahumusho alahleka futsi akazange ashicilelwe.
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