ebireya-aramēyik vēdhaagamam a matrum kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthin mudhal kaiyelutthu pradhigal nammidam illaiyendraalum, mēlē sollappattirukkum vaartthaigal unmaiyē. kadavuludaiya thūndudhalaal mudhanmudhalil eludhappatta vishayangal indrulla baibilil appadiyē maaraamal irukkindrana endru naam eppadi urudhiyaaga sollalaam?

aaramba kaalatthilirundhē ebireya vēdhaagamam nagaledukkappattu vandhadhu; idhai valakkamaaga seiya vēndumendru kadavuldhaan solliyirundhaar. b udhaaranatthukku, isravēl raajaakkal thiruchatta padhivai thangalukkena nagaledutthukkolla vēndumendru yegōvaa kattalai kodutthirundhaar. (ubaagamam 17:18) adhōdu, thiruchattatthai paadhugaakkum poruppaiyum adhai makkalukku katruttharum poruppaiyum lēviyargalukku kodutthirundhaar. (ubaagamam 31:26; negēmiyaa 8:7) yūdhargal baabilōnukku siraipidikkappattu pōna piragu, nagaleduppavargal alladhu elutthargalin (sōferim) oru vaguppu uruvaanadhu. (esraa 7:6, adikkurippu) kaalappōkkil, andha elutthargal ebireya vēdhaagamatthin 39 butthagangalaiyum ēraalamaaga nagaledutthaargal.

pala nūtraandugalaaga, elutthargal indha butthagangalai migavum gavanamaaga nagaledutthaargal. idaikkaalatthil (ki.pi. 500–1500-il), yūdha elutthargalin oru thogudhiyaagiya masōrettugal andha nagaledukkum vēlaiyai thodarndhaargal. migavum palamaiyaana, mulumaiyaana masōret kaiyelutthu pradhi, leningrēd kōdeks endru alaikkappadugiradhu. idhu ki.pi. 1008/1009-aam varushatthai sērndhadhu. aanaal, 20-aam nūtraandin matthiyil kandedukkappatta savakkadal surulgalil sumaar 220 baibil kaiyelutthu pradhigal alladhu adhanudaiya thundugal irundhana. andha kaiyelutthu pradhigal leningrēd kōdeksaivida aayiram varushangal palamaiyaanavai. andha savakkadal surulgalaiyum leningrēd kōdeksaiyum oppittu paartthadhil oru mukkiyamaana vishayam urudhiyaanadhu: savakkadal surulgalil ulla vaartthaigalil sila vitthiyaasangal irundhaalum avatrin karutthu endha vidhatthilum maaravē illai.

kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthin 27 baibil butthagangalai patri enna sollalaam? avai yēsu kristhuvin appōsthalargalaalum aaramba kaala sīshargal silaraalum mudhanmudhalil eludhappattana. yūdha elutthargalin paarambariyatthai pinpatri aaramba kaala kristhavargal avatrai nagaledutthaargal. (kolōseyar 4:16) rōma pērarasar dayaklīshiyanum matravargalum aaramba kaala kristhava butthagangal ellaavatraiyum alippadharku muyarchi seidhapōdhilum, indruvarai aayirakkanakkaana palangaala kaiyelutthu pradhigalum avatrin thundugalum paadhugaakkappattirukkindrana.

kristhava butthagangal matra moligalilum molipeyarkkappattana. aaramba kaalatthil, armīniyan, etthiyōpik, jaarjiyan, kaaptik, latthīn, siriyaak pōndra palangaala moligalil baibil molipeyarkkappattadhu.

palangaala baibil kaiyelutthu pradhigal ellaamē orēpōl illai. appadiyirukkumpōdhu mudhanmudhalil eludhappatta padhivil enna thagaval irundhadhendru namakku eppadi theriyum?

idhai purindhukolvadharku ōr udhaaranatthai paarkkalaam. aasiriyar oruvar, oru butthagatthilulla paadatthai kaippada nagaledukkumpadi vaguppil irukkum 100 maanavargalidam solgiraar. oruvēlai andha butthagam tholaindhupōnaalum, andha 100 nagalgalaiyum oppittu paartthaalē, andha butthagatthil enna thagaval irundhadhendru therindhukollalaam. nagaledutthapōdhu ovvoru maanavanum sila thavarugal seidhirukkalaam. aanaal, ellaa maanavargalum orē maadhiri thavarugal seidhirukka maattaargal. adhēpōl, aayirakkanakkaana baibil kaiyelutthu pradhigalin thundugalaiyum palangaala baibil butthagangalin nagalgalaiyum baibil arinyargal oppittu paartthaal, nagaledutthavargal seidha thavarugalaiyum mudhanmudhalil eludhappattirundha vaartthaigalaiyum kandupiditthuvidalaam.

mudhanmudhalil eludhappatta baibil padhivilulla karutthugal maaraamal nammidam vandhu sērndhirukkindrana endru eppadi urudhiyaaga nambalaam? ebireya vēdhaagamatthai patri arinyar villiyam es. grīn ippadi solgiraar: “endha palangaala butthagamum indhalavu thulliyamaaga nammidam vandhu sērndhadhillai endru dhaaraalamaaga sollalaam.” pudhiya ērpaadu endru alaikkappadum kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthai patri baibil arinyar f. f. brūs ippadi solgiraar: “palangaala grēkka elutthaalargal eludhiya niraiya butthagangalukku irukkum aadhaarangalaivida, pudhiya ērpaattin butthagangalukku ēraalamaana aadhaarangal irukkindrana. adhanaal, pudhiya ērpaattin nambagatthanmaiyai patri kēlvi kētka yaarumē ninaitthukkūda paarppadhillai.” adhōdu, “pudhiya ērpaadu madhasaarbatra butthagangalin oru thoguppaaga irundhirundhaal, adhan nambagatthanmaiyai patri yaarumē thulikūda sandhēgappattirukka maattaargal” endru avar solgiraar.

ebireya padhivu: rudaalf kittel enbavarin bibliyaa hebraaikaavai adippadaiyaaga vaitthutthaan ebireya vēdhaagamatthin pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu (1953-1960) aangilatthil molipeyarkkappattadhu. adhumudhal, savakkadal surulgal matrum vēru sila palangaala kaiyelutthu pradhigalai aaraaichi seidhadhan adippadaiyil thirutthappatta ebireya padhivugalaana bibliyaa hebraaikaa statkaardensiyaa matrum bibliyaa hebraaikaa kvinttaa veliyidappattana. nibunargalin indha padhivugalil, leningrēd kōdeksil ulla vaartthaigal appadiyē kodukkappattiruppadhōdu, samaariya aindhaagamam, savakkadal surulgal, grēkka septuvajant,  aramēyik taargams, latthīn valgēt,  siriyaak peshittaa pōndravatril kaanappadugira avatrukku inaiyaana vaartthaigal adikkurippugalil kodukkappattirukkindrana. aangila pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppin tharpōdhaiya thirutthiya padhippu thayaarikkappattapōdhu bibliyaa hebraaikaa statkaardensiyaa, bibliyaa hebraaikaa kvinttaa aagiya irandumē aaraaichikku payanpadutthappattana.

grēkka padhivu: 19-aam nūtraandin pirpagudhiyil, pi. f. vestkaat matrum f. je. ē. haart endra arinyargal, mūla padhivōdu migavum otthirundhadhaaga ninaittha andraiya baibil kaiyelutthu pradhigalaiyum avatrin thundugalaiyum oppittu paartthu kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthin adippadai padhivai thayaaritthaargal. andha adippadai padhivai vaitthudhaan 20-aam nūtraandin matthiyil pudhiya ulaga baibil molipeyarppu kuluvinar thangal baibilai molipeyartthaargal. adhōdu, ki.pi. irandaam, mūndraam nūtraandugalai sērndha naanal surulgalum aaraaichikku edutthukkollappattana. adhumudhal, niraiya naanal surulgal kidaikka aarambitthana. adhōdu, nibunargal samībatthil seidha aaraaichigalin adippadaiyil neslē matrum aaland padhivu, aikkiya baibil sangangalin padhivu pōndra adippadai padhivugal thayaarikkappattana. ivatrai aaraaindhadhaal kandupidikkappatta sila vishayangal, tharpōdhaiya aangila thirutthiya padhippil sērkkappattullana.

andha adippadai padhivugalai vaitthu paarkkumpōdhu, king jēms varshan pōndra palaiya molipeyarppugalil irukkum kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthilulla sila vasanangal, nagaleduppavargalaal pirpaadu sērkkappattavai enbadhum, avai kadavuludaiya sakthiyin thūndudhalaal eludhappattavai alla enbadhum thelivaaga therigiradhu. aanaal, sērkkappatta indha vasanangalai nīkkuvadhu niraiya baibilgalilulla vasanangalin engalil kulappatthai ērpadutthiyulladhu. adharku kaaranam, vasanangalai pirikkum murai 16-aam nūtraandilēyē mudivu seiyappattuvittadhu. andha vasanangal ivaidhaan: matthēyu 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; maarku 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; lūkkaa 17:36; 23:17; yōvaan 5:4; appōsthalar 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; rōmar 16:24. indha baibil molipeyarppil, ivai vidappatta vasanangal enbadhu adikkurippil suttikkaattappattullana.

maarku 16-aam adhigaaratthin virivaana mudivuraiyum (9-20 vasanangal), adhan surukkamaana mudivuraiyum, yōvaan 7:53–8:11-il irukkum vaartthaigalum mūla kaiyelutthu pradhigalil illai enbadhu thelivaaga therigiradhu. adhanaal, thavaraaga sērkkappatta indha vasanangal indha molipeyarppil sērkkappadavillai.

podhuvaaga, mūla padhivugalōdu evai miga nerukkamaaga otthuppōgindrana endru baibil arinyargal ninaikkiraargalō, avatrai adippadaiyaaga vaitthu sila vaartthaigal indha molipeyarppil maatrappattirukkindrana. udhaaranatthukku, sila kaiyelutthu pradhigalinpadi, “idukkamaana vaasal valiyaaga pōngal; alivukku pōgira vaasal agalamaaga irukkiradhu, paadhaiyum visaalamaaga irukkiradhu” endru matthēyu 7:13 solgiradhu. munbu vandha aangila pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu padhippugalil, indha vasanatthil “vaasal” endra vaartthai oru dhadavaidhaan sērkkappattirundhadhu. aanaal, kaiyelutthu pradhigalai kūdudhalaaga aaraaichi seidhu paartthadhil mūla padhivil “vaasal” endra vaartthai irandu dhadavai iruppadhu theriyavandhulladhu. idhupōndra sila maatrangal niraiya idangalil irundhaalum, ivai siriya maatrangaldhaan. ivatraal kadavuludaiya vaartthaiyaagiya baibilin adippadai seidhi endha vidhatthilum maaravillai.