vinnyaanigal palar enna solgiraargal? DNA-vum adhan sangēdha moli kattalaigalum kōdaanukōdi aandugalaaga nadaipetra tharcheyal nigalvugalaal vandhana endru anēga uyiriyalaalargalum ariviyalaalargalum ninaikkiraargal. indha mūlakkūrin amaippilō adhu kadatthum thagavalgalilō adhan seyalpaadugalilō, endhavoru vadivamaippukkum atthaatchi illai ena avargal kūrugiraargal.¹⁷

baibil enna solgiradhu? nam udalin ovvoru paagam uruvaavadhaiyum adhu uruvaaga vēndiya samayatthaiyum patriya nutpa vivarangal kadavul uruvaakkiya oru “butthagatthil” iruppadhaaga baibil solgiradhu. kadavuludaiya sakthiyin thūndudhalaal avarai patri dhaavīdhu raajaa sonnadhai gavaniyungal: “en karuvai ummudaiya kangal kandadhu; en avayavangalil ondraagilum illaadhapōdhē avaigal anaitthum, avaigal uruvērpadum naatkalum, umadhu busthagatthil eludhiyirundhadhu.”—sangīdham 139:16.

atthaatchi enna kaattugiradhu? parinaamam unmaiyendraal, thodarchiyaai ērpatta tharcheyal nigalvugalin vilaivaaga DNA undaagiyirukkalaam enbadharku ōralavu nyaayamaana kaaranam irukka vēndum. adhēpōl baibil unmaiyendraal, butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvaraal DNA olungamaippudan undaakkappattadhu enbadharku balamaana atthaatchi irukka vēndum.

DNA-vai patri miga elimaiyaana muraiyil vivarikkumpōdhu adhai sulabamaaga purindhukolla mudiyum; adhai patriya thagavalgal svaarasyamaagavum irukkum. aagavē, naam ippōdhu marubadiyum oru sellukkul sendru adhai sutrippaarkkalaam. indha murai naam oru manidha sellai paarvaiyidalaam. andha sel eppadi iyangugiradhu enbadhai kaattum vagaiyil vadivamaikkappattulla oru miyūsiyatthirkul nīngal selvadhaaga karpanai seidhukollungal. andha miyūsiyam sumaar 1,30,00,000 madangu peridhaakkappatta oru manidha sellin maadal. kittatthatta 70,000 pēr amarakkūdiya oru brammaandamaana vilaiyaattu arangatthai pōl adhu irukkiradhu.

andha miyūsiyatthirkul sendradhum angulla vinōdhamaana vadivamaippugalai bramippudan paarkkirīrgal! andha sellin naduvil niyūkliyas irukkiradhu, adhu sumaar 20 maadi uyaratthirku urundaiyaaga irukkiradhu. ippōdhu nīngal adharku arugil selgirīrgal.

niyūkliyasin veli javvilulla kadhavu valiyaaga nīngal ullē nulaindhadhum sutri paarkkirīrgal. indha araiyai 46 krōmōsōmgal aakkiramitthirukkindrana. avai jōdi jōdiyaagavum paarppadharku ondrupōlavum irukkindrana, endraalum avai vevvēru uyaratthil kaanappadugindrana. ungalukku arugil ulla jōdiyō sumaar 12 maadi uyaratthirku nirkiradhu (1). ovvoru krōmōsōmilum kittatthatta adhan naduppaagatthil pallam vilundhadhupōl irukkiradhu; adhan dhadimanō miga periya maratthin adippaagam alavu irukkiradhu. indha maadal krōmōsōmgalil kayiru sutrappattiruppadhai nīngal kaangirīrgal. nīngal innum unnippaaga paarkkumpōdhu, andha kayitril sengutthaana kōdugal iruppadhai paarkkirīrgal. ivatrukku idaiyē kurukku vaattil kurugiya kōdugal therigindrana (2). ivaiyellaam adukki vaikkappatta butthagangalaa? illai. ivai andha kayirugalin velippura munaigal; ivai irukkamaaga sutri vaikkappattulladhaal paarppadharku thūngal pōl irukkindrana. avatril ondrai piditthu nīngal ilukkaiyil adhu appadiyē laavagamaaga pirindhu varugiradhu. andha kayiru sirusiru surulgalaaga (3) iruppadhai kandu viyappadaigirīrgal, ivai nērtthiyaagavum olungamaikkappattullana. andha surulgalukkuldhaan mukkiyamaana amsamē adangiyulladhu. adhu migavum nīlamaana kayiru pōl irukkiradhu. adhu enna?

krōmōsōmin indha paagatthai oru kayiru endru naam alaikkalaam. idhan dhadiman ōr angulam. idhu nūl-urulaigalil (4) irukkamaaga sutri vaikkappattullana. adhanaal surulgalukkul surulgal uruvaaga vasadhiyaaga irukkiradhu. indha surulgal avatrai thaangum oruvagai aadhaaratthōdu inaikkappattullana. indha kayiru endhalavukku nērtthiyaaga sutri vaikkappattirukkiradhu enbadhai patri miyūsiyatthilulla arivippu palagaiyil vilakkappattulladhu. andha maadal krōmōsōmgal ovvondrilum irukkum kayitrai muluvadhumaaga piritthaal adhan nīlam būmiyin sutralavil sumaar paadhi dhūram irukkum! *

ippadi nērtthiyaaga sutrivaikkappattiruppadhai “oru poriyiyal saadhanai”¹⁸ endru ōr ariviyal butthagam solgiradhu. appadiyendraal, indha saadhanaikku pinnaal oru poriyiyal vallunar irukka vēndum endru nīngal otthukkolla maattīrgalaa? oruvēlai indha miyūsiyatthil oru periya kadai iruppadhaaga vaitthukkollungal. adhil kōdikkanakkaana porulgal virpanaikku vaikkappattirukkindrana; adhuvum endhavoru porulaiyum sulabamaaga edukkumalavukku avai miga miga nērtthiyaaga adukki vaikkappattirukkindrana. nīngal enna ninaikkirīrgal? yaarumē adukki vaikkaamal avai thaanaagavē vandhirukkumaa? nichayam appadi vandhirukkaadhu, illaiyaa? irundhaalum, krōmōsōmin olungamaippudan oppidumpōdhu idhellaam periya vishayamē illai!

andha kayitrai innum kūrndhu gavanippadharku adhai kaiyil edutthu paarkkalaam endru miyūsiyatthil ulla arivippu palagai solgiradhu (5). nīngal adhai kaiyil edutthu paarkkumpōdhu idhu oru saadhaarana kayiru illai enbadhu ungalukku pulappadugiradhu. adhu ondrōdondru pinnappatta irandu ilaigalaal aanadhu. indha ilaigal miga siriya sattangalaal inaikkappattirukkindrana. indha sattangal ovvondrum sama idaiveliyil irukkindrana. andha ilaigal paarppadharku murukki vaikkappatta ēni pōl, adhaavadhu sulal padikkattu pōl, irukkindrana (6). ippōdhudhaan ungalukku pori thattugiradhu: nīngal kaiyil piditthukkondiruppadhu oru DNA mūlakkūrin maadal. uyirai patriya puriyaa pudhirgalil idhuvum ondru!

nūl-urulaigalaiyum avatrai thaangum aadhaaratthaiyum kondu miga nērtthiyaaga sutrivaikkappatta orēvoru DNA mūlakkūrudhaan oru krōmōsōm. andha ēniyin padikkattugal aadhaara jōdigal (base pairs) endru alaikkappadugindrana (7). avai enna seigindrana? ivaiyellaam edharku? ōr arivippu palagai namakku elimaiyaaga vilakkugiradhu.

andha ēniyin padikkattugalai patri purindhukondaaldhaan DNA-vai patri purindhukolla mudiyum endru andha arivippu palagai solgiradhu. ippōdhu andha ēni pilavupaduvadhu pōl karpanai seidhukollungal. ēniyin padikkattugal irandaaga pilandhu veliyē nīttikkondirukkindrana. avai naangu vagaigalil mattumē irukkum. avatrukku vinnyaanigal A, T, G, C endru peyar vaitthirukkiraargal. indha elutthugalin varisai oruvidha sangēdha moliyil thagavalai therivikkiradhu enbadhai kandupiditthapōdhu vinnyaanigalukku aachariyam thaanga mudiyavillai.

19-aam nūtraandil mōrs sangēdha moli kandupidikkappattapōdhu thandhi muraiyil makkalaal thodarbukolla mudindhadhu. andha sangēdha moliyil irandē “elutthugal” irundhana—ondru pulli, matrondru siriya kōdu. endraalum adhai kondu ennatra vaartthaigalai alladhu vaakkiyangalai vadikka mudiyum. adhupōl DNA-vilum naangelutthu sangēdha moli undu. endha varisai gramatthil A, T, G, C elutthugal irukkindranavō adhai vaitthu “vaartthaigal” vadikkappadugindrana. avai kōdaangal endru alaikkappadugindrana. indha kōdaangal “kadhaigalaaga” varisaippadutthappattullana. ivaiyē jīngal ena alaikkappadugindrana. ovvoru jīnilum saraasariyaaga 27,000 elutthugal ullana. indha jīngalum avatrukku idaiyē ulla nīlamaana paagangalum oruvidhatthil atthiyaayangalaaga thogukkappadugindrana. ivai ovvondrum thanitthani krōmōsōmgal. idhupōndra 23 krōmōsōmgal sērumpōdhu oru mulu “butthagam” alladhu jīnōm (marabanu thogudhi) uruvaagiradhu. adhaavadhu, ōr uyirinatthai patriya ellaa marabiyal thagavalgalum adangiya oru thoguppu uruvaagiradhu. *

andha jīnōmai oru periya butthagatthirku oppidalaam. adhil evvalavu thagavalgalai padhivu seiya mudiyum? sumaar 300 kōdi aadhaara jōdigalaalaana, adhaavadhu padikkattugalaalaana, DNA ēnidhaan ottumottha manidha jīnōm.¹⁹ ippōdhu oru ‘set’ ensaiklōppīdiyaavai karpanai seidhukollungal; ovvondrum 1,000-kkum adhigamaana pakkangal udaiyavai. indha jīnōmil idhupōl 428 ensaiklōppīdiyaakkalai adakka mudiyum. ovvoru sellilum jīnōmin irandu nagalgal iruppadhaal, adhil 856 ensaiklōppīdiyaakkalai adakka mudiyum! jīnōmil irukkum thagavalgalaiyellaam nīngalē taip adikka vēndumaanaal, vidumuraiyē edukkaamal sumaar 80 varudangal mulu nēramaaga vēlai seiya vēndum!

aanaal, nīngal appadiyē vaalnaal muluvadhum taip aditthaalum adhanaal ungal udalukku endha prayōjanamum illai. ēnendraal, nūtrukkanakkaana ensaiklōppīdiyaakkalai, adhuvum periya periya ensaiklōppīdiyaakkalai, 100 latcham kōdi miga nunniya selgalukkul ungalaal puguttha mudiyaadhē! indhalavu ekkachakkamaana thagavalgalai miga miga nunniya selgalukkul thinippadhu nammudaiya sakthikku appaarpattadhu.

mūlakkūru uyiriyalilum kanini ariviyalilum pēraasiriyaraaga vilangum oruvar ivvaaru kurippittaar: “oru graam DNA-vai ulartthinaal adhu sumaar oru gana sentimīttar alavē irukkum. aanaal, kittatthatta oru latcham kōdi c.d-galil evvalavu thagavalgalai padhiya vaikka mudiyumō avvalavu thagavalgalai indha oru graam DNA-vukkul padhiya vaitthuvidalaam.”²⁰ appadiyaanaal idhu edhai kurikkiradhu? thanitthanmai vaaindha ovvoru manidha udalaiyum vadivamaippadharku thēvaiyaana ellaa kattalaigalum DNA-vil ulla jīngalildhaan irukkindrana. ovvoru sellilum ellaa kattalaigalum adangiyirukkindrana. DNA-vai oru thagaval kalanjiyam endru sollalaam; ēnendraal, orē tīspūn alavu DNA-vil indru vaalum manidhargalaivida sumaar 350 madangu adhigamaanavargalai uruvaakka thēvaiyaana ellaa thagavalgalaiyum adakkividalaam! indru būmiyil vaalum 700 kōdi makkalai uruvaakka andha tīspūnil dhūsi padindhalavu DNA irundhaalē pōdhum.²¹

miga siriya porulgalil ēraalamaana thagavalgalai padhivu seidhu vaippadhil manidhan imaalaya saadhanai padaitthirundhaalum avan uruvaakkiya endhavoru karuviyum DNA-vukku īdaagaadhu. irundhaalum, DNA-vai c.d-yudan oppiduvadhu miga porutthamaaga irukkum. idhai konjam sindhitthu paarungal: samachīraana vadivil, nērtthiyaaga vadivamaikkappatta palapalappaana oru c.d nammai aachariyatthil aaltthalaam. butthikkūrmaiyulla manidhargaldhaan adhai uruvaakkiyirukka vēndum enbadharku thelivaana atthaatchiyai kaangirōm. oruvēlai adhil thagavalgal podhindhirundhaal—adhuvum anaavasiyamaana thagavalgal alla, aanaal oru sikkalaana iyandhiratthai uruvaakkuvadharkum paraamarippadharkum paludhupaarppadharkum thēvaiyaana ellaa thagavalgalum gramamaaga podhindhirundhaal—enna solvīrgal? indhalavu thagavalgal adhil niraindhirundhaalum adhan edaiyō vadivamō maarividuvadhillai! idhudhaan andha c.d-yin sirappamsam. c.d-yil eludhappattulla indha thagavalgalukku pin butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvar irukka vēndumena nīngal otthukkolvīrgaldhaanē? edhaiyaavadhu eludha vēndumendraal adharku ōr elutthaalar vēndumdhaanē?

DNA-vai oru c.d-yōdu alladhu oru butthagatthōdu oppiduvadhu ganagachidhamaaga irukkum. paarkkappōnaal, jīnōmai patri oru butthagam ivvaaru solgiradhu: “jīnōmai oru butthagam ena solvadhu ēdhō oppumaikkaaga alla, adhu nijam. dijittal vadivil [sangēdha moliyil] pala thagavalgalai konda oru butthagam pōldhaan . . . jīnōmum.” adhan aasiriyar mēlum solgiraar: “jīnōm miga saamartthiyamaana oru butthagam, ēnendraal sariyaana sūlalil thannaiyē adhanaal nagaledukkavum mudiyum, vaasikkavum mudiyum.”²² idhu, DNA-vin matroru sirappu amsatthirku nam gavanatthai thiruppugiradhu.

nīngal appadiyē amaidhiyaaga nindru paartthukkondirukkumpōdhu, sellukkul irukkum niyūkliyas oru miyūsiyatthai pōl unmaiyil asaiyaamal irukkiradhaa endru nīngal yōsikkalaam. ippōdhu nīngal matroru arivippu palagaiyai paarkkirīrgal. kayiru vadivilaana DNA maadalai udaiya oru kannaadi pettikku mēl, “seyalmuraikku battanai alutthavum” endru eludhappattirukkiradhu. nīngal battanai alutthugirīrgal, vivarippaalar oruvar vilakka aarambikkiraar: “DNA kuraindhabatcham irandu mukkiyamaana vēlaigalai seigiradhu. mudhal vēlai, irattitthal (replication), pudhidhaaga uruvaagum ovvoru sellum mulu marabiyal thagavalgalaiyum peruvadharkaaga DNA nagaledukkappada vēndum. ippōdhu indha seyalmuraiyai gavaniyungal.”

andha arivippu palagaiyin oru munaiyil irukkum kadhavu valiyaaga sikkalaana ōr iyandhiram velivarugiradhu. ondrōdondru inaindha pala rōbōttugaldhaan andha iyandhiram. ippōdhu andha iyandhiram DNA-vudan pōi inaindhukolgiradhu. dhandavaalatthil rayilvandi pōvadhupōl DNA-mīdhu andha iyandhiram pōgiradhu. adhu enna seigiradhendru paarkka mudiyaadhalavukku satru vēgamaagavē selgiradhu. aanaal adhan pinpuratthil irandu mulu DNA kayirugal varuvadhai ungalaal thelivaaga paarkka mudigiradhu.

andha vivarippaalar ivvaaru vilakkugiraar: “DNA irattitthal nadaiperumpōdhu enna nigalgiradhu enbadhai purindhukolvadharkaana miga eliya vilakkamdhaan idhu. ensaimgal enappadugira mūlakkūru iyandhirangalin oru thogudhi DNA-mīdhu selgiradhu. adhu, mudhalil DNA-vai irandaaga pirikkiradhu. pinbu, ovvoru ilaiyaiyum maadhiriyaaga payanpadutthi pudhiya ilaiyai uruvaakkugiradhu. indha iyandhiratthin ellaa paagangalaiyum engalaal ungalukku kaanbikka mudiyaadhu. udhaaranamaaga, nagaledukkum iyandhiratthirku munsendru DNA-vai irandaaga pirikkum siriya karuviyai ungalukku kaanbikka mudiyaadhu. DNA adhiga irukkamaagividaamal sulabamaaga pirindhusella adhu udhavugiradhu. DNA eppadi palamurai ‘pilaithiruttham’ seiyappadugiradhu enbadhaiyum engalaal ungalukku kaanbikka mudiyaadhu. thavarugal ellaam viyatthagu vidhatthil thulliyamaaga kandupidikkappattu thirutthappadugindrana.”— pakkangal 16, 17-il ulla varaipadatthai kaanga.

andha vivarippaalar mēlum ivvaaru kūrugiraar: “naangal adhan vēgatthai mattum ungalukku thelivaaga kaatta mudiyum. andha rōbōt bayangara vēgamaaga pōvadhai nīngal gavanitthīrgal, allavaa? andha ensaim iyandhiram DNA-vin ‘paadhaiyil’ vinaadikku sumaar 100 padikkattugalai (adhaavadhu, aadhaara jōdigalai) kadandhu selgiradhu.²³ andha ‘paadhai’ rayil dhandavaalatthin alavulladhaaga irundhaal andha ‘enjin’ manikku 80 kilōmīttarukkum mēl vēgamaai sellum. baaktīriyaavil, irattitthal vēlaiyai seiyum siriya iyandhirangalaal idhaivida patthu madangu vēgamaaga sella mudiyum! oru manidha sellukkul ulla indha iyandhirangal, aam nūtrukkanakkaana iyandhirangalin padaigal, DNA ‘paadhaiyil’ vevvēru idangalil vēlai seiya pōgindrana. ettē mani nēratthil mulu jīnōmaiyum avai nagaledutthuvidugindrana.”²⁴ (pakkam 20-il “ vaasikkappattu nagaledukkappadum mūlakkūru” endra pettiyai kaanga.)

DNA-vai irattippaakkum rōbōttugal andha idatthaivittu mella nagarndhu sendruvidugindrana. ippōdhu innoru iyandhiram thōndrugiradhu. DNA-vin oru pagudhiyil idhuvum nagarndhu selgiradhu, aanaal medhuvaaga. DNA kayiru indha iyandhiratthin oru munaiyil nulaindhu maru munai valiyaaga endha maatramum illaamal velivaruvadhai nīngal paarkkirīrgal. aanaal, oru thani ilai, aam pudhiya ilai, andha iyandhiratthin vēroru thirappu valiyaaga oru periya vaal maadhiri veliyē varugiradhu. ingē enna nadakkiradhu?

marubadiyum andha vivarippaalar vilakkam alikkiraar: “DNA-vin irandaavadhu vēlai, padiyedutthal (transcription). DNA orupōdhum niyūkliyas endra paadhugaappu araiyaivittu veliyē varaadhu. appadiyaanaal, adhan jīngal—adhaavadhu ungal udalilulla ellaa prōttīngalaiyum thayaarippadharkaana thagavalgal—eppadi vaasikkappattu payanpadutthappadugindrana? DNA-vil ulla oru jīnukku niyūkliyasin veliyilirundhu rasaayana signal kidaikkiradhu; DNA-vil nagarum ensaim iyandhiram andha jīn irukkum idatthai kandupidikkiradhu. pinbu indha iyandhiram RNA (raibō niyūklik amilam) endra mūlakkūrai payanpadutthi andha jīnai nagaledukkiradhu. RNA paarppadharku kittatthatta DNA-vin otrai ilaipōldhaan irukkum; aanaal, adhu vitthiyaasamaanadhu. jīngalil sangēdha moliyil padhivaagiyulla thagavalgalai edutthukkolvadhudhaan RNA-vin vēlai. ensaim iyandhiratthirkul irukkumpōdhē RNA indha thagavalgalai petrukkondu, pinbu niyūkliyasaivittu veliyēri raibōsōm ondridam selgiradhu. RNA konduvarum thagavalgalai vaitthu angu prōttīn urpatthiyaagiradhu.”

indha seyalmuraiyai nīngal gavanikkaiyil, sthambitthu pōgirīrgal. indha miyūsiyatthaiyum, adhilulla iyandhirangalai vadivamaitthu uruvaakkiya nibunargalin seyalthiranaiyum paartthu nīngal viyappadaigirīrgal. ippōdhu andha mulu miyūsiyamum iyangugiradhu endraal eppadi irukkum, adhaavadhu orē samayatthil manidha sellukkul nigalum aayirakkanakkaana vēlaigalaiyum sittharitthu kaattum vidhatthil adhu iyangugiradhu endraal eppadi irukkum? bramippūttuvadhaaga irukkumallavaa!

sikkalaana, chinnanjiriya iyandhirangal seiyum indha ellaa vēlaigalum ippōdhē ungal udalilulla 100 latcham kōdi sellukkul nadaiperuvadhai unarugirīrgal! ippōdhu ungal DNA vaasikkappadugiradhu; ensaimgal, thisukkal, uruppugal pōndravatraalaana ungal udalukku thēvaippadum latchōbalatcha prōttīngalai urpatthi seivadharkaana kattalaigalai adhu pirappikkiradhu. indha kanam ungal DNA nagaledukkappattu, pilai thirutthappadugiradhu. ippōdhu pudhiya selgal uruvaavadharkum avai marubadiyum vaasikkappattu nagaledukkappaduvadharkum thēvaiyaana kattalaigal thayaaraai irukkindrana.

aarambatthil kētta adhē kēlviyai ippōdhu marubadiyum nammai kēttukkollalaam: ‘indha kattalaigalellaam engirundhu vandhana?’ indha “butthagamum” adhilulla vivarangalum adhīdha sakthi padaittha oru nūlaasiriyaridamirundhu vandhana endru baibil solgiradhu. baibil sollum badhil kaalatthukku otthuvaraadhadhaa, vinnyaanappūrvamatradhaa?

idhai sindhitthu paarungal: ingē vivarikkappattulla miyūsiyatthai manidhargalaal uruvaakka mudiyumaa? appadi uruvaakka muyalvadhu perum sikkalaitthaan undaakkum. manidha jīnōmaiyum adhan seyalpaattaiyum patri therindhukolla innum ēraalam irukkiradhu. indha jīngalellaam engē irukkindrana, enna seigindrana enbadhai purindhukolla mudiyaamal vinnyaanigal innum thinarikkondudhaan irukkiraargal. itthanaikkum DNA ilaiyil oru siru paagamdhaan jīngal. DNA-vil jīngal illaadha nīnda paagangalai patriyenna? vinnyaanigal indha paagangalai payanatra DNA ena alaitthaargal, aanaal samība kaalatthil thangaludaiya karutthai maatrikkondaargal. jīngalai eppadi payanpaduttha vēndum, endhalavu payanpaduttha vēndum enbadhai indha paagangal kattuppadutthalaam. indha DNA-vin mulu maadhiriyaiyum adhai nagaledutthu thirutthum iyandhirangalaiyum vinnyaanigalaal oruvēlai uruvaakka mudindhaalumkūda unmaiyaana oru DNA-vai pōl adhai seyalpada vaikka mudiyumaa?

richard finmēn endra prabala vinnyaani thanadhu maranatthirku satru munbu indha kurippai oru karumpalagaiyil eludhivittu sendraar: “edhai ennaal uruvaakka mudiyaadhō adhai ennaal purindhukolla mudiyaadhu.”²⁵ ippadi avar panivudan velippadaiyaaga sonnadhu periya vishayam; DNA-vai porutthavarai avar sonnadhu nūtrukkunūru unmai. DNA-vai adhan irattippaakkum iyandhirangalōdum padiyedukkum iyandhirangalōdum (replication and transcription machinery) vinnyaanigalaal uruvaakkavum mudiyaadhu, adhai mulumaiyaaga purindhukollavum mudiyaadhu. irundhaalum, ivaiyellaam tharcheyalaai thidīrena thōndrina enbadhu thangalukku theriyum endru silar aditthukkūrugiraargal. nīngal idhuvarai paarttha atthaatchigal unmaiyilēyē ivargal solvadhai aadharikkindranavaa?

atthaatchigal idharku nērmaaraana ondrai sutti kaattugindrana endra mudivukku vērusila vinnyaanigal vandhirukkiraargal. udhaaranamaaga, DNA-vin irattai murukkilai amaippai kandupidikka udhaviya fraansis krik endra vinnyaaniyum idhē mudivukkutthaan vandhaar. DNA mūlakkūru miga nandraai olungamaikkappattu iruppadhaal adhu tharcheyalaai thōndriyirukka vaaippē illai endru sonnaar. adhōdu, būmiyil uyir thōndruvadharku vinveliyilirukkum butthikkūrmaiyulla jīvigal DNA-vai anuppiyirukkalaam endrum kūrinaar.²⁶

naatthiga kolgaiyai 50 varudangalaaga parappivandha pugalmikka thatthuvanyaani aantani flū samībatthil than karutthai mutrilum maatrikkondaar. butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvardhaan uyirai padaitthirukka vēndumendru thanadhu 81-aam vayadhil namba aarambitthaar. indha maatratthirku enna kaaranam? DNA-vai patriya aaraaichidhaan. indha pudhiya karutthai vinnyaanigal varavērkavillai endraal enna seivīrgal endru kēttapōdhu flū ivvaaru kūriyadhaaga sollappadugiradhu: “adhu migavum varundhatthakkadhu. . . . atthaatchi edhai suttikkaattinaalum sari, adhaiyē ētrukkolla vēndum . . . ennudaiya vaalnaal muluvadhum idhuvē en latchiyamaaga irundhu vandhirukkiradhu.”²⁷

nīngal enna ninaikkirīrgal? atthaatchi edhai suttikkaattugiradhu? oru tholirchaalaiyin naduvil kampyūttar arai ondrai nīngal paarppadhaaga karpanai seidhukollungal. andha kampyūttaril sikkalaana maastar prōgraam irukkiradhu, adhu andha tholirchaalaiyil ulla ellaa vēlaigalaiyum iyakkugiradhu. adhaivida mukkiyamaaga, angulla ovvoru iyandhiratthaiyum eppadi uruvaakkuvadhu, eppadi paraamarippadhu pōndra kattalaigalai thodarndhu anuppikkondē irukkiradhu; adhōdu, andha prōgraam thannaitthaanē nagaledukkiradhu, pilai thirutthugiradhu. idhaiyellaam paartthu nīngal enna mudivukku varuvīrgal? andha kampyūttarum adhilulla prōgraamum thaanaagavē vandhirukkum endra mudivukku varuvīrgalaa, alladhu butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvaraal vadivamaikkappattirukka vēndumendra mudivukku varuvīrgalaa? atthaatchi thellatthelivaaga irukkiradhu.