Baoki—Ke ka Ntlha Yang Fa re Ba Tlhoka?

“Booki ke nngwe ya ditiro tse di thata. Kutlwelobotlhoko e ka tlhotlheletsa motho go nna mooki, mme kitso ke yone selo sa botlhokwa se re se tlhokang.”—Mary Adelaide Nutting, 1925, porofesa ya ntlha ya booki mo lefatsheng.

TIRO ya booki e sa le e nna gone diketekete tsa dingwaga tse di fetileng—tota le mo metlheng ya Baebele. (1 Dikgosi 1:2-4) Go ralala hisitori yotlhe, basadi ba le bantsi ba ba tlhomologileng ba ile ba oka balwetse. Ka sekai, akanya ka Elizabeth wa kwa Hungary (1207-31), morwadia Kgosi Andrew II. O ne a rulaganyetsa gore go abiwe dijo mo nakong ya leuba la ngwaga wa 1226. Morago ga moo, o ne a dira dithulaganyo tsa gore go agiwe dikokelo, mme a tlhokomela balepero mo go tsone. Elizabeth o ne a tlhokafala a na le dingwaga di le 24 fela, a dirisitse mo e ka nnang botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe jo bokhutshwane a tlhokomela balwetse.

Ga re kgone go bua ka hisitori ya booki re bo re sa bue ka Florence Nightingale. Mosadi yo o pelokgale yono wa Moesemane o ne a rulaganya bookelo jwa sesole sesha kwa Scutari, gaufi le Constantinople, a na le setlhopha sa baoki ba le 38, mo nakong ya Ntwa ya Crimea ya 1853-56. E rile a goroga koo, go ne go swa diperesente di ka nna 60 tsa masole; fa a tswa koo ka 1856, go ne go swa ba ba kafa tlase ga diperesente di le 2.—Bona lebokoso mo tsebeng 22.

Selo se sengwe se se neng se tlhotlheletsa tiro ya booki thata e ne e le Mokgatlho wa Protestant Deaconesses kwa Kaiserswerth, kwa Jeremane, o Nightingale a neng a ithuta kwa go one pele a ya kwa Crimea. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, go ne ga nna le ditlhopha tse dingwe gape tse di tlhomologileng tsa baoki. Ka sekai, ka 1903, Agnes  Karll o ne a tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Porofeshenale wa Baoki ba Kwa Jeremane.

Gompieno, baoki ba tsewa e le setlhopha se segolo go feta tse dingwe sa batho ba ba ithutetseng tiro eno mo tsamaisong ya rona ya go tlhokomela botsogo. World Health Organization e bega gore gone jaanong jaana go na le baoki le babelegisi ba ba fetang 9 000 000 mo dinageng di le 141. A bo ba dira tiro e e botlhokwa jang ne! The Atlantic Monthly e bolela gore baoki “ba na le tlhokomelo, kitso le boikanngo tse di botlhokwa gore molwetse a kgone go tshela.” Ka jalo, go a utlwala gore re ka botsa jaana ka baoki, Re ne re tla dirang fa ba ne ba seyo?

Seabe sa Mooki Gore Motho a Fole

Saetlopedia nngwe e tlhalosa tiro ya booki e re ke “tsela ya mooki ya go thusa molwetse gore a fole mo bolwetseng kgotsa mo kgobalong ya gagwe, kgotsa gore a se ka a tlhola a ikaega ka motho ka mo go ka kgonegang ka gone.”

Gone ke boammaaruri gore seo se akaretsa dilo di le dintsi. Ga se fela go dira diteko ka metlha, tse di tshwanang le go tlhatlhoba go betsa ga tshika ya madi le kgatelelo ya madi. Mooki o na le seabe se se botlhokwa thata gore molwetse a fole. Go ya ka The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, “mooki o tshwenyega thata ka tsela e molwetse a itshwarang ka yone malebana le bolwetse jwa gagwe go na le go tshwenyega ka bolwetse ka bojone, mme tiro ya gagwe ke go fokotsa botlhoko jo molwetse a bo utlwang, go tshwenyega ga gagwe mo mogopolong, mme fa go kgonega, go dira gore bolwetse bo se ka jwa baka mathata mangwe.” Mo godimo ga moo, mooki o mo “tlhokomela ka lorato, mo go akaretsang go mo reetsa ka bopelotelele gore o tlhobaediwa ke eng le gore o boifa eng, le go mo tshegetsa mo maikutlong le go mo kgothatsa.” Mme fa molwetse a swa, buka eno e tlhalosa gore, seabe sa mooki ke “go thusa molwetse gore a swe a se na matshwenyego a mantsi le go swa ka seriti fa go kgonega.”

Baoki ba bantsi ba dira go feta kafa tiro ya bone e ba tlhokang ka gone. Ka sekai, Ellen D. Baer o ne a kwala ka se se neng sa mo diragalela kwa Montefiore Medical Center kwa New York City. O ne a sa batle go potlakela go fetsa tiro ya gagwe ya mo mosong ya go tsamaya a lekola balwetse a na le setlhopha se se dirang tiro ya go ara. O kwala jaana: “Ke ne ke batla go nna le balwetse. Ke ne ke batla go ba thusa go hema, ke ba thuse go iphutholola dinao, ke ba hape dintho, ke arabe dipotso tsa bone, ke ba tlhalosetse dilo dingwe, le go ba gomotsa. Ke ne ke rata go tsalana le balwetse le go ba tlhaloganya.”

Ga go na pelaelo gore ope fela yo o kileng a nna nakonyana kwa bookelong e le molwetse a ka gakologelwa mooki yo o kutlwelobotlhoko yo o neng a na le moya oo wa go intsha setlhabelo. Mme go tlhokega eng gore motho a nne mooki yo o nang le bokgoni?

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 19]

Florence Nightingale

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

Courtesy National Library of Medicine