ʻOku Hā Mahino ko ha Akonaki Faka-Tohitapu Ia?

KAPAU ko e moʻoni ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ʻoku totonu ke hā mahino mo tatau maʻu ai pē ʻi he Tohitapu. Ko e hā hono ʻuhinga? Koeʻuhi, hangē ko ia naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he kau ʻapositolo, ko e Tohitapu ʻoku fakahā mai ai ʻe he ʻOtua ia ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangata. Pea koeʻuhi ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tau ʻilo ʻa e ʻOtua pea hū kiate ia ʻi ha founga totonu, ʻoku totonu ke fakahā mahino ʻe he Tohitapu kiate kitautolu pe ko hai totonu ia.

Naʻe tali ʻe he kau tui ʻi he ʻuluaki senituli ʻa e Tohitapu ko e fakahā moʻoni mei he ʻOtua. Naʻe hoko ia ko e makatuʻunga ki heʻenau tui, ko e mafai fakaʻosi. Hangē ko eni, ʻi he malanga ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paula ki he kakai ʻi he kolo ko Pelea, “naʻa nau tali loto lelei ʻaupito ʻa e folofola, ʻo nau kumi ʻi he Tohitapu ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pe ʻa e moʻoni ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ko ia.”—Ngāue 17:10, 11.

Ko ia ai, ko e hā ʻa e mafai naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe he kau tangata tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻa e ʻOtua ʻi he taimi ko ia? ʻOku tala mai kiate kitautolu ʻe he Ngāue 17:2, 3: “Hangē ko ʻene [Paula] faʻa fai . . . naʻa ne fai fakakikihi mo kinautolu mei he Tohitapu, ʻo ne fakaʻuhinga [mei he Tohitapu].”

Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Sīsū tonu ʻa e faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e Tohitapu ko e makatuʻunga ʻo ʻene akonaki, ʻo toutou pehē: “Kuo tohi.” “Pea . . . ne fakaʻuhinga mei he Tohi tapu katoa ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe kau kiate ia.”—Mātiu 4:4, 7; Luke 24:27.

Ko ia ai, naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe Sīsū, Paula mo e kau tui ʻi he ʻuluaki senituli ʻa e Tohitapu ko e makatuʻunga ʻo ʻenau akonaki. Naʻa nau ʻilo “ko e potu Folofola kotoa pe ne fakamanava mei he ʻOtua, ʻoku ʻaonga foki ki he akonaki, ki he fakaʻilo hala, ki he fakatonutonu, ki he ngaohia ke maʻoniʻoni: koeʻuhiā ke tuʻu kakato ʻa e tangata fakaʻotua, kuo ʻosi sāuni ki he ngāue lelei fulipe.”—2 Tīmote 3:16, 17; sio foki 1 Kolinitō 4:6; 1 Tesalonaika 2:13; 2 Pita 1:20, 21.

Koeʻuhi ʻoku malava ʻe he Tohitapu ke ‘fakatonutonu,’ ʻoku totonu ke ne fakahā mahino ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e tefitoʻi tui hangē ko ia ʻoku taukaveʻi fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Ka ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau lotukalafi mo e kau faihisitōlia ʻoku hā mahino ko ha akonaki faka-Tohitapu ia?

“Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua” ʻi he Tohitapu?

ʻOKU pehē ʻe ha tohi Palotisani: “ʻOku ʻikai ʻi he Tohitapu ʻa e foʻi lea Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua . . . Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai hano tuʻunga pau ʻi he tokāteline ʻa e siasi ki muʻa ʻi he senituli hono fā.” (The Illustrated Bible Dictionary) Pea ʻoku pehē ʻe ha mafai Katolika ko e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua “ʻoku ʻikai . . . [ko e] folofola fakahangatonu ʻa e ʻOtua.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

ʻOku toe poupou ki ai ʻa e The Catholic Encyclopedia: “ʻI he Tohitapu ʻoku ʻikai ha kupuʻi lea ai ʻe taha ʻoku ne fakamatalaʻi fakataha ʻa e Tokotolu Faka-ʻOtua. Ko e foʻi lea τρίας [triʹas] (ʻa ia ʻoku liliu mei ai ʻa e foʻi lea faka-Latina ko e trinitas) ʻoku ʻuluaki ʻilo ia meia Theophilus ʻo ʻAniteoke ofi ki he 180 T.S. . . . Taimi siʻi pē mei ai pea ʻasi ʻi hono tuʻunga faka-Latina ko e trinitas ʻia Tertullian.”

Kaekehe, ʻoku ʻikai ha fakamoʻoni ia ai naʻe akoʻi ʻe Tertullian ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Hangē ko eni, ko e tohi Katolika ko e Trinitas​—A Theological Encyclopedia of the Holy Trinity ʻoku ne fakamatalaʻi naʻe ngāueʻaki ki mui ʻe he niʻihi kehe ʻa e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi foʻi lea ʻa Tertullian ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Pea ʻoku ne toe fakatokanga: “Ka ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke maʻu ha fakaʻosinga fakavave mei hono ngāuelahiʻaki, koeʻuhi ʻoku ʻikai te ne ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi foʻi lea ki he lotukalafi faka-Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua.”

 Fakamoʻoni mei he Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū

NEONGO ʻoku ʻikai ʻi he Tohitapu ʻa e foʻi lea “Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua,” meʻa nī ʻoku ʻikai akoʻi mahino ai ʻa e fakakaukau fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua? Hangē ko eni, ko e hā ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū (“Fuakava Motuʻa”)?

ʻOku tala moʻoni ʻe he The Encyclopedia of Religion: “ʻOku loto-tatau ʻa e kau lotukalafi he ʻaho ni ʻoku ʻikai kau ha tokāteline fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he Tohitapu Hepelū.” Pea ʻoku toe pehē ʻe he New Catholic Encyclopedia: “ʻOku ʻikai akoʻi ʻi he F[uakava] M[otuʻa] ʻa e tokāteline fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua Toputapu.”

Tatau pē, ʻoku tala moʻoni ʻe Edmund Fortman ko ha Jesuit ʻi heʻene tohi ko e The Triune God (Ko e Toluʻi ʻOtua): “Ko e Fuakava Motuʻa . . . ʻoku ʻikai te ne tala hangatonu pe fakahuʻuhuʻu mai kiate kitautolu ʻo kau ki ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻa ia ko e Tamai, ʻAlo mo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni. . . . ʻOku ʻikai ha fakamoʻoni ne aʻu ʻo fakakaukau fakamahalo ha tokotaha tohi toputapu ki ha ʻi ai ha [Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua] ʻi loto ha ʻUluʻi-ʻotua. . . . Pe sio ʻi he [Fuakava Motuʻa] ʻi ha ngaahi fokotuʻu pe ngaahi ʻata pe ha ngaahi ‘fakaʻilonga fakapulipuli’ fekauʻaki mo e faʻahinga ʻi he tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ke mamaʻo atu ia mei he ngaahi lea mo e taumuʻa ʻa e kau tohi toputapu.”—Fakaʻitali ʻamautolu.

ʻE fakapapauʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ni ʻi hano sivisiviʻi ʻo e Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū tonu. Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻikai ha akonaki mahino fekauʻaki mo ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he ʻuluaki tohi ʻe 39 ʻo e Tohitapu ʻa ia ʻoku faʻu kakato totonu ʻaki ʻa e Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū fakamānavaʻi.

Fakamoʻoni mei he Konga Tohitapu Faka-Kalisi

KO IA AI, ʻoku lave mahino nai ʻa e Konga Tohitapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiane (“Fuakava Foʻou”) ki ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua?

ʻOku pehē ʻe he The Encyclopedia of Religion: “ʻOku loto-tatau ʻa e kau lotukalafi, ʻoku ʻikai maʻu foki ha tokāteline mahino fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he Fuakava Foʻou.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe Fortman ko ha Jesuit: “Ko e kau tohi Fuakava Foʻou . . . ʻoku ʻikai ke nau ʻomai kiate kitautolu ha tokāteline faʻu fakalelei pe fakafāʻūtaha fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ʻikai ha akonaki mahino ʻoku ʻi ai ha tokotolu fakaʻotua tatau ʻi he ʻOtua ʻe taha. . . . ʻOku ʻikai ha feituʻu ke tau maʻu ai ha tokāteline faka-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua fekauʻaki mo ha meʻa kehekehe ʻe tolu ʻoku moʻui mo ngāue fakaʻotua ʻi he ʻUluʻi-ʻotua pē taha.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe he The New Encyclopædia Britannica: “ʻOku ʻikai hā ʻi he Fuakava Foʻou ʻa e foʻi lea Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua pe ko ha tokāteline mahino ki ai.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe Bernhard Lohse ʻi he A Short History of Christian Doctrine (Ko Ha Hisitōlia Nounou ʻo e Tokāteline Kalisitiane): “ʻO fakatatau ki he lau ʻa e Fuakava Foʻou, heʻikai ke maʻu ai ʻe ha taha ha tokāteline pau ʻo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua.”

ʻOku tatau pē mo e pehē ʻe he The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology: “ʻOku ʻikai ʻi he F[uakava] F[oʻou] ʻa e tokāteline kuo tupulaki fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. ‘ʻOku ʻikai ʻi he Tohitapu ʻa e fakamatala fakahāhā fakapatonu ʻo pehē ko e Tamai, ko e ʻAlo, mo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni ko e natula tatau pē,’ [ko e lau ia ʻa e lotukalafi Palotisani ko Karl Barth].”

Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe palōfesa E. Washburn Hopkins ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Yale: “Ngalingali naʻe taʻeʻiloa ʻa e tokāteline fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua kia Sīsū mo Paula; . . . ʻoku ʻikai haʻana lave fekauʻaki mo ia.”—Origin and Evolution of Religion (Ko e Kamataʻanga mo e ʻEvolūsone ʻo e Lotu).

ʻOku fakatokangaʻi ʻe he faihisitōlia ko Arthur Weigall: “Naʻe ʻikai teitei lave ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi ki ha faʻahinga meʻa pehē ni, pea ʻoku ʻikai ha feituʻu ʻi he Fuakava Foʻou ʻoku hā ai ʻa e foʻi lea ‘Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua.’ Naʻe ohi pē ʻa e fakakaukau ko ia ʻe he Siasi ʻi he hili ʻa e taʻu ʻe tolungeau mei he pekia ʻa hotau ʻEiki.”—The Paganism in Our Chrisitianity.

Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻikai ʻomai ʻe he tohi ʻe 39 ʻo e Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū pe ko e tohi ʻe 27 ʻoku faʻu kakatoʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tohi ʻo e Konga Tohitapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiane ha akonaki mahino fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua.

Akoʻi ʻe he Muʻaki Kau Kalisitiane?

NAʻE akoʻi ʻe he muʻaki kau Kalisitiane ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua? Fakatokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala hokohoko ko eni mei he kau faihisitōlia mo e kau lotukalafi.

“Naʻe ʻikai ha tokāteline mahino ʻa e muʻaki lotu faka-Kalisitiane fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua hangē ko ia naʻe toki fakamatala mahino ange ʻi he ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e tui.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.

“Kaekehe, naʻe ʻikai fakakaukau leva ʻa e muʻaki kau Kalisitiane ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ko e [Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua] ki heʻenau tui ʻanautolu pē. Naʻa nau fai ʻenau līʻoa ki he ʻOtua ko e Tamai pea kia Sīsū Kalaisi, ko e ʻAlo ʻo e ʻOtua, pea naʻa nau tui ki he . . . Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni; ka naʻe ʻikai ha fakakaukau ia ai ko ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua pau ʻa e tokotolu ni, ʻo nau tatau tofu pē mo fāʻūtaha ʻi he Taha.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.

“ʻI he kamataʻanga naʻe ʻikai ko ha tui faka-Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻa e tui faka-Kalisitiane . . . Naʻe ʻikai pehē ʻi he kuonga ʻo e kau ʻapositolo pea mo e hili ʻa e kuonga ʻo e kau ʻapositolo, hangē ko ia ʻoku hā ʻi he F[uakava] F[oʻou] pea mo e ngaahi tohi kehe ʻa e muʻaki kau Kalisitiane.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

 “Naʻe ʻikai tuʻu fakamakatuʻu ʻa e kupuʻi lea ‘ko e Tokotolu ʻi he ʻOtua ʻe taha,’ pea ʻoku pau naʻe ʻikai kau kakato ʻeni ʻi he moʻui mo e fakahaaʻi ʻo e tui Kalisitiane, ki muʻa ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono fā. . . . ʻI he ngaahi Tamai Faka-ʻApositolo, naʻe ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe ofi ki he faʻahinga fakakaukau pe vakai pehē.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

Ko e Meʻa Naʻe Akoʻi ʻe he Ngaahi Tamai Kimuʻa-ʻi-Nisea

NAʻE lau ʻa e ngaahi Tamai Kimuʻa-ʻi-Nisea ko e kau faiako fakalotu tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi he muʻaki ngaahi senituli hili ʻa e ʻaloʻi ʻo Kalaisi. Ko e meʻa fakatupu-tokanga ʻa e meʻa naʻa nau akoʻi.

Ko Justin Martyr, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 165 T.S., naʻa ne ui ʻa Sīsū kimuʻa-ke-tangata ko ha ʻāngelo fakatupu ʻa ia “ʻoku kehe mei he ʻOtua naʻa ne fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kotoa.” Naʻa ne pehē ko Sīsū naʻe māʻulalo ange ʻi he ʻOtua pea “naʻe ʻikai te ne teitei fai ha meʻa tukukehe ʻa e meʻa ko e Tokotaha-fakatupu . . . naʻa ne finangalo kiate ia ke ne fai mo leaʻaki.”

Ko Irenaeus, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 200 T.S., naʻa ne pehē naʻe moʻui mavahe mei he ʻOtua ʻa Sīsū kimuʻa-ke-tangata pea naʻa ne māʻulalo ange ʻi he ʻOtua. Naʻa ne fakahā ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa Sīsū mo e “ʻOtua moʻoni pē taha,” ʻa ia “ʻoku māʻolunga taha ʻi he meʻa kotoa, pea ka ʻikai ia ʻoku ʻikai ha toe taha kehe.”

Ko Clement ʻo Alexandria, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 215 T.S., naʻa ne ui ʻa e ʻOtua “ko e ʻOtua moʻoni pē taha taʻefakatupu mo taʻefaʻaʻauha.” Naʻa ne pehē ko e ʻAlo “ʻoku ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e Tamai mafai taʻefakangatangata tofu pē taha” ka ʻoku ʻikai ke na tatau.

Ko Tertullian, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 23O T.S., naʻa ne akoʻi ʻa e māʻolunga taupotu ʻa e ʻOtua. Naʻa ne lau: “ʻOku kehe ʻa e Tamai mei he ʻAlo (tokotaha kehe), koeʻuhi ʻoku ne lahi ange; he hangē ʻoku kehe ʻa ia ʻoku fai fakatupu meiate ia ʻoku fakatupu mai; ko ia ʻoku fai ʻa e fekauʻi, ʻoku kehe ia meiate ia ʻoku fekau mai.” Naʻa ne toe pehē: “Naʻe ʻi ai ha taimi naʻe ʻikai ʻi ai ha ʻAlo. . . . Ki muʻa i he meʻa kotoa pē, naʻe tokotaha pē ʻa e ʻOtua.”

Ko Hippolytus, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 235 T.S., naʻa ne pehē ko e ʻOtua “ko e ʻOtua pē taha, ko e ʻuluaki pea ʻoku Tokotaha pē, ko e Tokotaha-ngaohi pea ʻEiki ki he meʻa kotoa,” ʻa ia “naʻe ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe kuonga taha mo ia . . . Ka naʻe Taha pē ia, nofo toko taha pē; ʻa ia koeʻuhi naʻa ne finangalo pē ki ai, naʻa ne fakatupu ʻa e meʻa naʻe ʻikai moʻui ʻi muʻa,” hangē ko hono fakatupu ʻo Sīsū ʻo moʻui kimuʻa-ke-tangata.

Ko Origen, ʻa ia naʻe mate ofi ki he taʻu 250 T.S., naʻa ne pehē “ko e Tamai mo e ʻAlo ko e sinoʻimeʻa ʻe ua . . . ko e meʻa ʻe ua kau ki hona natula,” pea “fakafehoanaki mo e Tamai, [ko e ʻAlo] ko ha maama siʻisiʻi ʻaupito.”

ʻI hono fakamaʻopoʻopo ʻa e fakamoʻoni fakahisitōlia, ʻoku pehē ʻe Alvin Lamson ʻi he The Church of the First Three Centuries (Ko e Siasi ʻi he ʻUluaki Senituli ʻe Tolu): “Ko e tokāteline ʻiloa ʻi onopooni fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua . . . ʻoku ʻikai hano poupou mei he lea ʻa Justin [Martyr]: pea ʻoku pehē nai mo e ngaahi tohi naʻe fai ʻe he ngaahi Tamai kimuʻa-ʻi-Nisea: ʻa ia, ko e kau tohi Kalisitiane kotoa ʻi he senituli ʻe tolu hili ʻa e ʻaloʻi ʻo Kalaisi. ʻOku moʻoni, ʻoku nau lave fekauʻaki mo e Tamai, ʻAlo, mo e . . . Laumālie māʻoniʻoni, ka ʻoku ʻikai ke nau tatau tofu pē, ʻikai ko ha meʻa natula ʻe taha, ʻikai Tokotolu ʻi he Taha, pe ʻi ha faʻahinga ʻuhinga ʻoku tui ki ai ʻa e kau Tui-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Ko e meʻa kehe ʻaupito ʻa e moʻoni.”

Ko ia ai, ʻoku fakamahino ʻe he fakamoʻoni mei he Tohitapu mo e hisitōlia naʻe taʻeʻiloa ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he kuonga faka-Tohitapu kotoa pea mo e ngaahi senituli ʻe niʻihi hili ia.

[Fakamatala ʻi he peesi 7]

“ʻOku ʻikai ha fakamoʻoni ne aʻu ʻo fakakaukau fakamahalo ha tokotaha tohi toputapu ki ha ʻi ai ha [Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua] ʻi loto ha ʻUluʻi-ʻotua.”—The Triune God