Naʻe Tupulaki Fēfē ʻa e Tokāteline Tolu-Tahaʻi-ʻOtua?

ʻI HE taimi ni te ke ʻeke nai: ‘Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ko ha akonaki faka-Tohitapu ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, naʻe anga-fēfē ʻene hoko ko ha tokāteline ʻa e Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiane?’ ʻOku fakakaukau ʻa e tokolahi naʻe fakafāʻūtaha ia ʻi he Fakataha ʻo Nisea he 325 T.S.

Kaekehe, ʻoku ʻikai tonu kakato ia. Naʻe tala ʻe he Fakataha ʻo Nisea ko e sinoʻimeʻa tatau ʻa Kalaisi mo e ʻOtua, ʻa ia naʻe fakatoka ai ʻa e makatuʻunga ki he lotukalafi faka-Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ki mui. Ka naʻe ʻikai te ne fokotuʻu ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, koeʻuhi naʻe ʻikai fai ha lave ʻa e fakataha ko eni ki he laumālie  māʻoniʻoni ko ha tokotaha hono tolu ʻo ha toluʻi ʻUluʻi-ʻotua.

Fatongia ʻo Konisitanitaine ʻi Nisea

ʻI HE taʻu lahi, kuo ʻi ai ʻa e fakafepaki lahi makatuʻunga ʻi he Tohitapu fekauʻaki mo e fakakaukau naʻe lolotonga tupulaki ʻo pehē naʻe ʻOtua ʻa Sīsū. Naʻe fekau ʻe he ʻemipola Loma ko Konisitanitaine, ʻi heʻene feinga ke fakalelei ʻa e fakafepaki, ʻa e kau pīsope kotoa ke nau haʻu ki Nisea. ʻOku fakafuofua ki he toko 300, ko ha tokosiʻi pē mei he fakakatoa, naʻa nau maʻu fakataha.

Naʻe ʻikai ko ha Kalisitiane ʻa Konisitanitaine. Ngalingali, naʻa ne liliu ki mui ʻi heʻene moʻui, ka naʻe ʻikai papitaiso tukukehe ʻene ofi mate. Fekauʻaki mo ia, ʻoku pehē ʻe Henry Chadwick ʻi he The Early Church (Ko e Muʻaki Siasi): “Naʻe hū ʻa Konisitanitaine, hangē ko ʻene tamai, ki he Laʻā Taʻeikunaʻi; . . . ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻene liliu ko ha kelesi ʻi loto mei he ʻOtua . . . Ko ha meʻa fakakautau pē ia. Naʻe ʻikai teitei mahino ʻene ʻilo ki he tokāteline faka-Kalisitiane, ka naʻa ne ʻilo pau ko e ikuna ʻi he tau naʻe fou mai ʻi he meʻaʻofa ʻa e ʻOtua ʻo e kau Kalisitiane.”

Ko e hā ʻa e fatongia naʻe fai ʻe he ʻemipola taʻepapitaiso ko ʻeni ʻi he Fakataha ʻo Nisea? ʻOku fakamatala ki ai ʻa e Encyclopædia Britannica: “Naʻe sea pē ʻa Konisitanitaine ia, ʻo taki longomoʻui ʻa e alea, pea fai pē ʻe ia ʻene fokotuʻu . . . ko e founga mahuʻinga ʻoku ne fakahā ʻa e felāveʻi ʻa Kalaisi ki he ʻOtua ʻi he fakamatala ʻo e tui naʻe fai ʻe he fakataha, ‘ʻoku sinoʻimeʻa taha ia mo e Tamai’ . . . ʻI he māluʻia ki he ʻemipola, naʻe fakamoʻoni ʻi he fakamatala tui ʻa e kau pīsope, tukukehe ʻa e toko ua, ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu naʻe ʻikai ke nau loto ki ai.”

Ko ia ai, naʻe mahuʻinga ʻa e fatongia ʻo Konisitanitaine. Hili ha māhina ʻe ua ʻo ha fekīhiaki mālohi fakalotu, naʻe kau mai leva ʻa e tokotaha politikale pangani ko eni pea ne fili ki he tafaʻaki naʻa nau pehē ko e ʻOtua ko Sīsū. Ka ko e hā hono ʻuhinga? ʻOku pau naʻe ʻikai koeʻuhi ko ha tuipau faka-Tohitapu. “Naʻe ʻikai mahino kia Konisitanitaine ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi fehuʻi naʻe lolotonga fehuʻia ʻi he malaʻe ʻo e lotukalafi faka-Kalisi,” ko e lau ia ʻa e A Short History of Christian Doctrine. Ko e meʻa pē naʻa ne ʻilo ʻe hoko ʻa e fekīhiaki fakalotu ko ha fakatuʻutāmaki ki hono ʻemipaea, pea naʻa ne fiemaʻu ke fakamaʻopoʻopo hono puleʻanga.

Kaekehe, naʻe ʻikai poupouʻi ʻe ha pīsope ʻi Nisea ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Naʻa nau fakapapauʻi pē ʻa e anga ʻo Sīsū ka naʻe ʻikai ko e fatongia ʻo e laumālie māʻoniʻoni. Kapau ko ha moʻoni mahino faka-Tohitapu ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ʻikai naʻe totonu ke nau fokotuʻu ia ʻi he taimi ko ia?

Tupulaki Lahi Ange

HILI ʻa e fakataha ʻo Nisea, naʻe kei hoko mai pē ʻa e ngaahi fekīhiaki ʻi he tuʻunga-lea ko eni he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu. Ko e faʻahinga naʻa nau tui naʻe ʻikai tatau ʻa Sīsū mo e ʻOtua naʻe toe hoko ia ʻo manakoa ʻi ha taimi. Ka ki mui ai naʻe fai ʻe ʻEmipola Theodosius ha fili fakafepaki kiate kinautolu. Naʻa ne fokotuʻu ʻa e fakamatala tui ʻa e Fakataha ʻo Nisea ko e tuʻunga ʻo hono puleʻanga pea naʻa ne uiʻaki ha fakataha ʻi Konisitanitinopale he 381 T.S. ke fakamahino ʻa e founga fakamatala.

Naʻe loto-tatau ʻa e fakataha ko ia ke ʻai ʻa e laumālie māʻoniʻoni ke tuʻunga tatau mo e ʻOtua mo Kalaisi. Ko e ʻuluaki taimi ia, naʻe kamata ke mahino ai ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻo Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiane.

Ka neongo ia, naʻa mo e hili ʻa e fakataha ʻi Konisitanitinopale, naʻe ʻikai ke hoko ʻo tali lahia ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ko ha fakamatala ʻo e tui. Naʻe fakafepakiʻi ia ʻe he tokolahi pea hoko ai kiate kinautolu ha fakatanga mālohi. Naʻe toki fakafāʻūtaha pē ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ki he ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e tui pau ʻi he ngaahi senituli ki mui. ʻOku pehē ʻe he The Encyclopedia Americana: “Naʻe hoko ʻa e tupulaki  kakato ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he Hihifo, lolotonga ʻa e Ako Fakalotukalafi (Scholasticism) ʻi he Kuonga Lotoloto, ʻi he feinga ke fai ha fakamatala ki ai ʻi he ngaahi lea fakafilōsefa mo e fakasaienisi ʻatamai.”

Ko e Tui ʻa ʻAfenesiesi

NAʻE fakamatalaʻi kakato ange ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻi he Tui ʻa ʻAfenesiesi (Athanasian Creed). Ko ʻAfenesiesi ko ha faifekau naʻa ne poupouʻi ʻa Konisitanitaine ʻi Nisea. ʻOku pehē ʻe he fakamatala ʻo e tui ʻoku uiʻaki hono hingoa: “ʻOku mau lotu ki he ʻOtua ʻe taha ʻi he founga Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua . . . Ko e Tamai ko e ʻOtua, ko e ʻAlo ko e ʻOtua, pea ko e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni ko e ʻOtua; ka neongo ia ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ʻOtua ʻe tolu ka ko e ʻOtua pē taha.”

Kaekehe, ʻoku loto-tatau ʻa e kau poto mataotao ʻilo-lahi, naʻe ʻikai faʻu ʻe ʻAfenesiesi ʻa e fakamatala ʻo e tui ko eni. ʻOku pehē ʻe he New Encyclopædia Britannica: “Naʻe taʻeʻiloa ʻa e fakamatala ʻo e tui ko eni ki he Siasi Fakahahake ʻo aʻu ki he senituli hono 12. Talu mei he senituli hono 17, mo e meimei loto-tatau kotoa ʻa e kau poto mataotao naʻe ʻikai tohi ʻa e Tui ʻa ʻAfenesiesi ʻe ʻAfenesiesi (naʻe mate he 373) ka naʻe faʻu nai ia ʻi Falanisē fakatonga he senituli hono 5. . . . ʻOku ngalingali naʻe lahi taha ʻa e tākiekina ʻa e tui ni ʻi Falanisē fakatonga mo Sēpeni ʻi he senituli hono 6 mo e 7. Naʻe ngāueʻaki ia ʻi he ouau ʻa e siasi ʻi Siamane he senituli hono 9 pea ki mui siʻi mai ʻi Loma.”

Ko ia naʻe laui senituli mei he taimi ʻo Kalaisi ke hoko ʻo tali lahia ʻe he Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiane ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Pea ʻi he meʻa ni kotoa, ko e hā naʻa ne tataki ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni naʻe fakapapauʻi? Ko e Folofola ia ʻa e ʻOtua, pe ko e ngaahi fakakaukau fakaehaʻa-faifekau mo fakapolitikale? ʻOku tali ʻe E. W. Hopkins ʻi he Origin and Evolution of Religion, “Ko e fakamatala fakaʻosi fakalūkufua fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ko e meʻa politikale fakasiasi pē.”

Naʻe Kikiteʻi ʻa e Tafoki mei he Moʻoni

ʻOKU feʻungamālie ʻa e hisitōlia ongoongokovi ni ʻo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua mo e meʻa naʻe kikiteʻi ʻe Sīsū mo ʻene kau ʻapositolo ʻe hoko hili honau taimi. Naʻa nau pehē ʻe ʻi ai ha tafoki, ha afe, ha tō mamaʻo mei he lotu moʻoni ʻo aʻu ki he foki mai ʻa Kalaisi, ʻa ia ʻe toe fakakake ai ʻa e lotu moʻoni ki muʻa he ʻaho fakaʻauha ʻa e ʻOtua ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻo e tuʻu ko eni.

Fekauʻaki mo e “ʻaho” ko ia, naʻe pehē ʻe he ʻapositolo ko Paula: “ʻOku ʻoua pe ia ke motuʻa hoko ʻa e fuʻu fakaholomui, pea mo e fakapū mai ʻo e tangata ko Malakilao.” (2 Tesalonaika 2:3, 7) Ki mui mai, naʻa ne kikiteʻi: “He ʻoku ou ʻilo, ʻo ka hili ʻeku hokosi, ʻe hu atu ha fanga ulofi anga malohi, ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai te nau mamae ki he fanga sipi. ʻIo, naʻa mo kimoutolu ʻe tupu mei ai ha kau tangata ʻoku leaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻalu kehe, ke tohoaki ʻaki ʻa e kau ako ke muimui kiate kinautolu.” (Ngāue 20:29, 30) Naʻe toe tohi ʻa e kau ākonga kehe ʻa Sīsū fekauʻaki mo e tafoki ko eni fakataha mo hono kalasi haʻa faifekau ‘malakilao.’—Hangē ko eni, sio ki he 2 Pita 2:1; 1 Sione 4:1-3; Siutasi 3, 4.

Naʻe tohi ʻe Paula: “ʻE faifai pea hoko ha kuonga, ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai te nau kātaki ai ʻa e tokateline haohaoa; ka te nau fokotuʻuniu hanau kau akonaki, ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi holi ʻanautolu, he veli honau telinga: pea te nau leʻei honau telinga mei he moʻoni, ka nau tafoki ki he ngaahi talatupuʻa.”—2 Tīmote 4:3, 4.

Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Sīsū ʻa e ʻuhinga ki he tō mamaʻo ko eni mei he lotu moʻoni. Naʻa ne pehē naʻa ne tō ʻa e ngaahi tenga lelei ka ko e fili, ko Sētane, te ne toe tō hifo ʻi he ngoue ko ia ʻa e vao. Ko ia ʻi he fisiki hake ʻa e uite, ʻoku hā fakataha hake ai pē mo e vao. Ko ia ai, naʻe pau ke ʻamanekina pē ʻe ʻi ai ha afe mei he lotu faka-Kalisitiane moʻoni kaeʻoua kuo aʻu ki he taimi ututaʻu, ʻa ia ʻe fakatonutonu ai ʻe Kalaisi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko ia. (Mātiu 13:24-43) ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e The Encyclopedia Americana: “Naʻe ʻikai ke fakahā totonu ʻe he Tui-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua he senituli hono fā ʻa e muʻaki akonaki faka-Kalisitiane fekauʻaki mo e anga ʻo e ʻOtua; naʻa ne kehe ʻaupito, ko ha afe ia mei he akonaki ni.” Ka, naʻe tupu mei fē ʻa e afe ko eni?—1 Tīmote 1:6.

Meʻa Naʻa Ne Tākiekina Ia

ʻI MĀMANI ʻo onoʻaho, ʻo aʻu ki he taimi ʻo Pāpilone, naʻe ngāuelahiʻaki ʻa e lotu ki he ngaahi ʻotua pangani naʻe fakatahaʻi lōtolu, pe ʻotua-tautau-toko-tolu. Naʻe toe ngāuelahiʻaki ʻa e tākiekina ko ia ʻi ʻIsipite, Kalisi mo Loma ʻi he ngaahi senituli ki muʻa, pea ʻi he lolotonga mo e hili ʻa e taimi ʻo Kalaisi. Pea hili ʻa e mate ʻa e kau ʻapositolo, naʻe kamata ke hū ki he lotu faka-Kalisitiane ʻa e faʻahinga tui fakapangani ko eni.

 Ko e lau eni ʻa e faihisitōlia ko Will Durant: “Naʻe ʻikai fakaʻauha ʻe he lotu faka-Kalisitiane ʻa e founga lotu fakapangani; naʻa ne ohi ia. . . . Mei ʻIsipite naʻe haʻu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau fekauʻaki mo ha tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua fakaʻotua.” Pea ʻi he tohi ko e Egyptian Religion, ʻoku fakamatala ai ʻa Siegfried Morenz: “Naʻe fai ha tokanga lahi kehe ʻa e kau lotukalafi ʻIsipite ki he tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua . . . ʻOku fakatahaʻi ʻa e ʻotua ʻe tolu pea lau ia ko ha toko taha pē, ʻo lave ki ai ʻi he tuʻunga singulali. ʻI he founga ni ʻoku fakahā ai ʻe he ivi tākiekina ʻa e lotu ʻi ʻIsipite ha fehokotaki hangatonu mo e lotukalafi faka-Kalisitiane.”

Ko ia, ʻi ʻAlekisanitia ʻi ʻIsipite, naʻe fakahā ʻe he kau tangata lotu ʻo e konga ki mui ʻo e senituli hono tolu mo e konga ki muʻa ʻo e senituli hono fā, hangē ko ʻAfenesiesi, ʻa e tākiekina ni ʻi heʻenau faʻufaʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻo tupu ai ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. ʻOku fakakaukau ʻa Morenz ʻi he mafola lahi ʻenau tākiekina, “ko e fehokotakiʻanga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e lotu tukufakaholo ʻi ʻIsipite mo e lotu faka-Kalisitiane ko e lotukalafi ʻa e kau ʻAlekisanitia.”

ʻI he talateu ʻo e tohi ʻa Edward Gibbons, ko e History of Christianity (Hisitōlia ʻo e Lotu Faka-Kalisitiane), ʻoku tau lau ai: “Kapau naʻe ikunaʻi ʻa e founga lotu faka-Pangani ʻe he lotu faka-Kalisitiane, ʻoku totonu pē ke toe pehē naʻe fakameleʻi ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiane ʻe he lotu faka-Pangani. Ko e founga lotu maʻa ʻa e ʻuluaki kau Kalisitiane ki he ʻOtua . . . naʻe liliu ʻe he Siasi ʻo Loma, ki he tokāteline ʻuhingangataʻa ʻaupito fekauʻaki mo e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Ko e konga lahi ʻo e tefitoʻi tui fakapangani, ʻa ia naʻe fuofua faʻu ʻe he kau ʻIsipite pea faʻifaʻitaki ki ai ʻa Palato, naʻe tauhimaʻu ʻo mahuʻinga ke tui ki ai.”

ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e A Dictionary of Religious Knowledge ʻoku pehē ʻe he tokolahi ko e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua “ko ha tui ʻosi fakameleʻi naʻe toʻo mei he ngaahi lotu fakahīteni, pea fefioʻaki mo e tui faka-Kalisitiane.” Pea ʻoku fakahā ʻe he The Paganism in Our Christianity: “Ko e tupuʻanga ʻo e [Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua] ʻoku fakapangani fakaʻaufuli.”

Ko e ʻuhinga ia naʻe tohi ai ʻe James Hastings ʻi he Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics: “ʻI he lotu faka-ʻInitia, ko e fakatātā, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e kulupu faka-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa Brahmā, Siva, mo Visnu; pea ʻi he lotu faka-ʻIsipite ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e kulupu faka-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa Osiris, Isis, mo Horus . . . Ka ko e vakai ki he ʻOtua ko ha Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi he ngaahi lotu fakahisitōlia motuʻa pē. Ko ʻete manatu ʻe taha ki he anga ʻo e vakai ʻa e lotu Neo-Platonic ki he Sinoʻimeʻa Māʻolunga pea Taupotu,” naʻe “fakatātaaʻi fakae-tautau-toko-tolu.” Ko e hā ʻa e kaunga ʻa e filōsefa Kalisi ko Palato ki he Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua?

Tui Faka-Palato

ʻOKU pehē tokua, naʻe moʻui ʻa Palato mei he 428 ki he 347 ki muʻa ʻia Kalaisi. Neongo naʻe ʻikai te ne akoʻi ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ʻo tatau mo hono tuʻunga he taimi ni, ka naʻe tofa ʻe heʻene tui fakafilōsefa ʻa e hala ki ai. Ki mui mai, naʻe mapuna hake ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga lotu ʻa ia naʻe kau ki heʻenau tui ʻa e ngaahi ʻotua tautau-toko-tolu, pea ko e ngaahi lotu ni naʻe tākiekina ʻe he ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa Palato fekauʻaki mo e ʻOtua mo e natula.

Ko e tohi ʻi he lea faka-Falanisē ko e Nouveau Dictionnaire Universel (Tikisinale Foʻou Fakalūkufua) ʻoku ne lave ki he ivi tākiekina ʻa Palato ʻo pehē: “Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua faka-Palato, ko hano toe fakatahatahaʻi pē ia ʻo e ngaahi tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua motuʻa ange naʻe tui ki ai ʻa e kakai ʻo e kuonga muʻa, ʻoku hangehangē ko hano fakatolu-tahaʻi fakafilōsefa ʻo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻa ia naʻa ne toki fanauʻi ʻa e toko tolu fakaʻotua ʻoku akoʻi ʻe he ngaahi siasi faka-Kalisitiane. . . . Ko e fakakaukau ʻa e filōsefa Kalisi ni ki he tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua fakaʻotua . . . ʻoku malava ke maʻu ʻi he ngaahi lotu [pangani] kotoa ʻo e kuonga muʻa.”

ʻOku fakahā ʻe he tohi ko e The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge ʻa e ivi tākiekina ʻo e tui fakafilōsefa Kalisi ni ʻo pehē: “Ko e ngaahi tokāteline fekauʻaki mo e Folofola (Logos) mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua naʻe fakafuo mai kinaua ʻe he ngaahi Tamai Kalisi ʻa ia . . . naʻe tākiekina lahi, fakahangatonu pe taʻefakahangatonu ʻe he tui fakafilōsefa faka-Palato . . . ʻOku ʻikai malava ke fakafisingaʻi ʻa e hūhū mei he matavai ko eni ʻa e ngaahi hala mo e ngaahi tui fakameleʻi ki he Siasi.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe he tohi ko e The Church of the First Three Centuries: “Ko hono fokotuʻu ʻo e tokāteline fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua naʻe māmālie pea naʻe hoko ʻi he konga ki mui [ʻo e ʻuluaki senituli ʻe tolu]; . . . ko hono tupuʻanga naʻe kehe ʻaupito ia mei he Konga Tohitapu faka-Siu mo faka-Kalisitiane; . . . naʻa ne tupu hake, pea fakafefioʻaki mo e lotu faka-Kalisitiane, ʻo fou mai he ngaahi Tamai naʻe tui kia Palato.”

ʻI he ngataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono tolu T.S., kuo hoko ʻa e “lotu faka-Kalisitiane” mo e tui fakafilōsefa foʻou faka-Palato ʻo fāʻūtaha taʻemafakamāvaeʻi. Hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahā ʻe Adolf Harnack ʻi he tohi ko e Outlines of the History of Dogma, naʻe hoko ʻa e tokāteline ʻa e siasi “ʻo faiaka fefeka ʻi he kelekele ʻo e Hellenism [faʻahinga fakakaukau fakapangani ʻi Kalisi]. Ko ia ai naʻe hoko ia ko ha misiteli ki he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau Kalisitiane.”

Naʻe taukaveʻi ʻe he siasi ko hono ngaahi tokāteline foʻou naʻe fakatuʻunga ʻi he Tohitapu. Ka ʻoku pehē ʻe Harnack: “ʻI hono moʻoni naʻa ne fakangofua ʻi hono lotolotonga ʻa e faʻahinga fakakaukau faka-Kalisi ko eni, ko e ngaahi fakakaukau mo e ngaahi tōʻonga taʻeʻuhinga naʻe kau ki he lotu-misiteli fakapangani.”

ʻI he tohi ko e A Statement of Reasons, ʻoku lave ai ʻa Andrews Norton fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua  ʻo pehē: “ʻOku malava ke tau fakatotoloʻi ʻa e hisitōlia ʻo e tokāteline ni, pea ʻiloʻi hono tupuʻanga, ʻo ʻikai ʻi he fakahā faka-Kalisitiane, ka ʻi he fakafilōsefa faka-Palato. . . . ʻOku ʻikai ko ha tokāteline ʻa Kalaisi mo ʻene kau ʻApositolo ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ka ko ha talanoa faʻu ʻe he faʻahinga naʻa nau muimui kia Palato ki mui mai.”

Ko ia ai, ʻi he senituli hono fā T.S., kuo hoko ki hono tumutumu ʻa e tafoki mei he moʻoni naʻe kikiteʻi ʻe Sīsū mo e kau ʻapositolo. Ko ha fakamoʻoni pē ʻe taha ki he meʻa ni ko e tupulaki ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua. Naʻe toe kamata ke tali ʻe he ngaahi siasi tafoki ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau fakapangani kehe, hangē ko e afi ko heli, taʻefaʻamate ʻa e laumālie, mo e lotu ki he ʻaitoli. Naʻe hū atu ʻa e Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiane ki hono kuonga fakapoʻuli fakalaumālie naʻe kikiteʻi, lolotonga ia ʻoku pule fefeka ai ʻa e faʻahinga haʻa faifekau ‘ko e tangata ko malakilao’ kuo tupulaki.—2 Tesalonaika 2:3, 7.

Ko e Hā Naʻe ʻIkai Akoʻi Ai ia ʻe he Kau Palōfita ʻa e ʻOtua?

KO E hā ai, ʻi he laui afeʻi taʻu, naʻe ʻikai akoʻi ai ʻe ha palōfita ʻa e ʻOtua ʻa ʻene kakai fekauʻaki mo e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua? ʻI he taimi fakamuimui taha, meʻa nī ʻe ʻikai ngāueʻaki ʻe Sīsū hono mafai ko e Faiako Lahi ke fakamahinoʻi ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ki hono kau muimui? Meʻa nī ʻe fakamānavaʻi ʻe he ʻOtua ʻa e ngaahi peesi ʻe laui teau ʻo e Tohitapu pea ʻikai ke ne ngāueʻaki ʻa e fakahinohino ni ke akoʻi ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua kapau ko e “tefitoʻi tokāteline” ʻo e tui?

ʻOku totonu ki he kau Kalisitiane ke nau tui ʻi he hili ha ngaahi senituli meia Kalaisi pea mo e hili hono fakamānavaʻi ʻa hono tohi ʻo e Tohitapu, ʻe poupouʻi ʻe he ʻOtua ʻa hono faʻu ʻo ha tokāteline ʻa ia naʻe taʻeʻiloa ki heʻene kau tamaioʻeiki ʻi he laui afeʻi taʻu, ha tokāteline ko ha “misiteli ʻuhingangataʻa ʻaupito,” “mamaʻo atu mei he fakakaukau fakaetangata,” ha tokāteline ʻoku ʻiloa hono tupuʻanga pangani pea ko ha “meʻa politikale fakasiasi pē”?

ʻOku mahino ʻa e fakamoʻoni mei he hisitōlia: Ko ha afe mei he moʻoni ʻa e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ko ha tafoki mei ai.

[Fakamatala ʻi he peesi 8]

‘Ko ha afe mei he muʻaki akonaki faka-Kalisitiane ʻa e Tui-tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua.’—The Encyclopedia Americana

[Puha ʻi he peesi 9]

“Ko e Tautau-Toko-Tolu ʻo e Kau ʻOtua Lahi”

ʻI he ngaahi senituli lahi ki muʻa ʻi he taimi ʻo Kalaisi, naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi tautau-toko-tolu, pe tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua ʻi Pāpilone mo ʻAsīlia ʻo e kuonga muʻa. ʻOku fakahā ʻe he Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology he lea faka-Falanisē ha tautau-toko-tolu ʻe taha ʻi he feituʻu Mesopotēmia ko ia: “Naʻe vahevahe ʻa e ʻuniveesi ki he vāhenga ʻe tolu ʻo hoko taki taha ko ha tofiʻa ʻo ha ʻotua. Ko e ʻinasi ʻo Anu ko e ʻatā. Naʻe foaki ʻa e fonua kia Enlil. Naʻe hoko ʻa Ea ko e pule ki he ngaahi vai. Kātoa kinautolu ko e tautau-toko-tolu ʻo e Kau ʻOtua Lahi.”

[Puha ʻi he peesi 12]

Ko e Tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua Hinitū

ʻOku pehē ʻe he tohi The Symbolism of Hindu Gods and Rituals fekauʻaki mo ha tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua Hinitū naʻe ʻi ai ʻi he laui senituli ki muʻa ʻia Kalaisi: “Ko ha taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua ʻo e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua ko Siva. ʻOku pehē tokua ko e ʻotua ia ʻo e fakaʻauha. Ko e ongo ʻotua kehe ko Brahma, ko e ʻotua ʻo e fakatupu mo Vishnu, ko e ʻotua ʻo e maluʻi. Ke fakahā ko e meʻa ni ʻe tolu ʻoku taha pea tatau pē, ʻoku fakatahaʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻotua ʻe tolu ni ʻi he tuʻunga pe taha.”—Pulusi ʻe A. Parthasarathy, Bombay.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8]

“Naʻe ʻikai mahino kia Konisitanitaine ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi fehuʻi naʻe lolotonga fehuʻia ʻi he malaʻe ʻo e lotukalafi faka-Kalisi.”—A Short History of Christian Doctrine

 [Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 10]

1. ʻIsipite. Ko e tautau-toko-tolu ko Horus, Osiris, Isis, ʻi he afeʻi taʻu hono 2 K.M.

2. Pāpilone. Ko e tautau-toko-tolu ko Ishtar, Sin, Shamash, ʻi he afeʻi taʻu hono 2 K.M.

3. Palmyra. Ko e tautau-toko-tolu ko e ʻotua ʻo e mahina, ʻEiki ʻo e ngaahi Langi, ʻotua ʻo e laʻā, fakafuofua ki he senituli 1 T.S.

4. ʻInitia. Ko e toluʻi ʻuluʻi-ʻotua faka-Hinitū, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 7 T.S.

5. Kampuchea. Ko e toluʻi uluʻi-ʻotua faka-Puta, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 12 T.S.

6. Noaue. Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua (Tamai, ʻAlo, laumālie māʻoniʻoni), fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 13 T.S.

7. Falanisē. Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 14 T.S.

8. ʻĪtali. Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 15 T.S.

9. Siamane. Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 19 T.S.

10. Siamane. Ko e tolu-tahaʻi-ʻotua, fakafuofua ki he senituli hono 20 T.S.