ʻOku Fakautuutu ʻa e Loto-ʻIta ki he Tukuhaú?

“Kapau ʻoku ou ngāue mālohi ʻoku faʻao ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ou maʻú meiate au.”—Palōveepi faka-Pāpilone, ʻi he 2300 K.M. nai.

“ʻI he māmani ko ení, ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa ai ʻe pau ka ko e maté pē pea mo e ngaahi tukuhaú.”—Taki fakapuleʻanga U.S. ko Benjamin Franklin, 1789.

ʻOKU ngāue ʻa Reuben ko ha tokotaha tuʻuaki koloa. ʻI he taʻu kotoa pē ko e meimei vahe tolu ʻe taha ʻo hono vāhenga naʻá ne ngāueʻi mālohí ʻoku mole ia ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi tukuhaú. “ʻOku ʻikai te u ʻiloʻi pe ʻoku ʻalu ʻa e paʻanga kotoa ko ení ki fē,” ko ʻene lāungá ia. “ʻI he lahi ʻaupito hono toʻo ʻa e lahi ʻo e paʻanga ʻoku fakaʻatā mai ʻe he puleʻangá ki he ngaahi ngāué, ʻoku mau maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue siʻisiʻi ange ʻi ha toe taimi ki muʻa.”

Neongo ia, pe ʻoku tau saiʻia ai pe ʻikai, ko e ngaahi tukuhaú ko ha konga ia ʻo e moʻuí. ʻOku pehē ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Charles Adams: “Kuo tukuhauʻi ʻe he ngaahi puleʻangá ʻa e paʻanga hū maí ʻi he ngaahi founga lahi talu pē mei he kamata ʻa e moʻui fakasivilaisé.” Kuo faʻa langaʻi ʻe he ngaahi tukuhaú ʻa e loto-ʻita pea kuó ne kamataʻi ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e angatuʻu. Ko e kau Briton he kuonga muʻá naʻa nau tauʻi ʻa e kau Lomá, mo nau pehē: “He lelei lahi ange ē ke tāmateʻi kimautolu ʻi he moʻui mo ha tukuhau ʻoku hilifaki mai!” ʻI Falanisē ko e fehiʻa ʻi he gabelle, ko ha tukuhau ʻo e māsimá, naʻe tokoni ia ki hono kamataʻi ʻa e Liukava ʻa Falaniseé, ʻa ia ʻi he lolotonga iá naʻe tuʻusi ai e ʻulu ʻo e kau tānaki tukuhaú. Ko e ngaahi angatuʻu ʻi he tukuhaú naʻá ne fakahoko ha ngafa ʻi he tau ʻo e tauʻatāina ʻa e U.S., naʻe tau ai mo ʻIngilani.

ʻOku ʻikai ha ofo, ʻi he hokohoko ʻasi ʻa e loto-ʻita ki he ngaahi tukuhaú ʻo aʻu mai ki he ʻaho ní. ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau mataotaó ʻoku faʻa “taʻefeʻunga” mo “taʻetotonu” ʻa e ngaahi sisitemi tukuhaú ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké. Fakatatau ki he tokotaha-fakatotolo ʻe taha, ʻoku ʻi ai ha fonua ʻAfilika masiva ʻangoʻango ʻe taha ʻokú ne maʻu ʻo “laka hake he tukuhau fakalotofonua ʻe 300, ko hono ngāueʻí naʻe ʻikai lavaʻi ia naʻa mo hono maʻu ʻa e kau ngāue lelei tahá. Ko e tānaki tukuhau totonú mo e ngaahi founga ʻo hono tokangaʻí ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai pe ʻikai ke ngāueʻakí, . . . ʻoku fakatupunga ai ʻa e ngaahi faingamālie ki he ngāue halá.” Naʻe līpooti ʻe he Ongoongo BBC ʻo pehē ʻi he fonua ʻĒsia ʻe taha, “naʻe hilifaki ai ʻe he kau ʻōfisa fakalotofonuá ha ngaahi totongi . . . taʻefakalao lahi—mei he ngaahi tukuhau ki hono tō ʻo e siainé ʻo aʻu ki he ngaahi tukuhau ki hono tāmateʻi ʻo e fanga puaká—ke fakakake [fakalahi] ai ʻa e paʻanga fakalotofonuá pe ke fakafonuʻaki ʻa honau ngaahi kato ʻonautolú.”

Ko e motuhia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e koloaʻiá mo e masivá ʻokú ne tafunaki ʻa e loto-ʻitá. ʻOku pehē ʻe he tohi ʻa e UN ko e Africa Recovery: “Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi faikehekehe lahi fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi fonua fakalakalaká mo e ngaahi fonua langalanga haké he ko e ngaahi fonua fakalakalaká ʻoku nau tokoniʻi fakapaʻanga ʻa e kau fāmá lolotonga ia ko e ngaahi fonua langalanga haké ʻoku nau tukuhauʻi ʻa e kau fāmá. . . . Ko e ngaahi fakatotolo ʻi he Pangikē ʻa Māmaní ʻoku fakahuʻunga ai ko e ngaahi paʻanga tokoni ʻataʻatā pē ʻa e US ʻoku fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e tukuhau fakataʻu ʻa ʻAfilika Hihifó mei he vavae ʻa ia ʻoku hū ki tuʻá ʻaki ʻa e $250 [miliona] ʻi he taʻu.” Ko e kau faama ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké ʻoku nau loto-ʻita nai ai, ʻi hono toʻo ʻe honau puleʻangá ʻa e ngaahi tukuhau mei honau vāhenga kuo ʻosi siʻisiʻí. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha tangata faama ʻi ha fonua ʻĒsia ʻe taha: “Ko e taimi kotoa pē ʻoku haʻu ai ki heni ʻa e [kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá] ʻoku pau ke nau ʻeke paʻanga.”

Naʻe hā ki muí ni ʻa e loto-ʻita meimei tatau ʻi ʻAfilika Tonga ʻi hono hilifaki ʻe he puleʻangá ha tukuhau kelekele ki he kau fāmá. Naʻe fakamanamana ʻa e kau fāmá ki ha hopo fakaefakamaauʻanga. Ko e tukuhaú  “te ne fakatupunga ʻa e mole ʻo e kelekelé ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau fāmá pea mo e taʻemaʻungāue lahi ange ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau ngāue fāmá,” ko e taukave ia ʻa ha tangata-lea maʻá e kau fāmá. ʻOku kei iku pē ki he fakamālohi ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ʻa e loto-ʻita ki he tukuhaú. ʻOku līpooti ʻe he Ongoongo BBC: “Ko e ongo faama [ʻĒsia] ʻe toko ua naʻe tāmateʻi he taʻu kuo ʻosí ʻi he ʻohofi ʻe he kau polisí ha kolo ʻa ia naʻe laka fakahāhā ai ʻa e kakai māʻulaló ʻi he tōtuʻa ʻa e ngaahi tukuhaú.”

Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko e kau masivá pē ʻoku nau ʻita ʻi he totongi ʻo e ngaahi tukuhaú. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi ha savea ʻi ʻAfilika Tonga ko e kau totongi tukuhau koloaʻia tokolahi “ʻoku ʻikai te nau loto-lelei ke totongi ha ngaahi tukuhau fakalahi—neongo kapau naʻe ʻuhinga ení ʻe ʻikai malava ai ʻa e puleʻangá ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ʻoku mahuʻinga kia kinautolú.” Ko e faʻahinga ʻiloa he māmaní ʻi he ngaahi malaʻe ʻo e mūsiká, faivá, ngaahi sipotí mo e politikí kuo ʻuluʻi ongoongo ʻaki kinautolu koeʻuhi ko ʻenau kalo holo mei he tukuhaú. Ko e tohi The Decline (and Fall?) of the Income Tax ʻoku pehē ai: “Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, ko ʻetau kau ʻōfisa māʻolunga taha fakapuleʻangá, ko ʻetau kau palesitení, kuo ʻikai ʻaupito te nau hoko ko e kau faʻifaʻitakiʻanga haohaoa ʻi hono fakalototoʻaʻi ʻa e tangataʻifonua lāuvalé ke talangofua ki he lao tukuhaú.”

Mahalo pē ʻokú ke ongoʻi tatau ko e ngaahi tukuhaú ʻoku tōtuʻa, taʻetotonu pea fakatupu lōmekina. ʻOku totonu leva ke fēfē hoʻo vakai ki hono totongi ʻo e ngaahi tukuhaú? ʻOku nau fakahoko ha taumuʻa moʻoni? Ko e hā ʻoku faʻa fihi ai mo hā ngali taʻetotonu ʻa e ngaahi sisitemi tukuhaú? ʻOku sivisiviʻi ʻe he ongo kupu hokó ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi ko ení.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4]

ʻI he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké ʻoku totongi nai ai ʻe he masivá ha ʻinasi taʻetotonu ʻo e lahi ʻo e tukuhau ke totongí

[Maʻuʻanga]

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