Vakai ki he Māmaní

Mahinoʻi ʻa e Lea Fakakulií?

Kuo faʻu ʻe ha ngaohiʻanga meʻa-vaʻinga Siapani ha meʻangāue ʻoku fakataumuʻa ke ne fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e ngaahi kālou ʻa e kulií ki he lea fakaetangatá, ko e līpooti ia ʻa e Netiueka Faifakamatala ʻa Siapaní. Ko e kiʻi meʻangāué ni ko ha maika taʻefakauaea ʻa ia ʻoku fakapipiki ki he leta ʻo ha kulī pea ʻokú ne ʻave ʻa e ngaahi ongó ki ha kiʻi letiō. ʻOku ʻanalaiso tokua ʻe he letioó ʻa e ngaahi leʻo ʻo e kulií pea fakakalasi ia ki he tuʻunga fakaeongo ʻe ono: ko e ongoʻi feifeitamaki, ʻita, fiefia, loto-mamahi, hoholi mo e fakamatematē. Ko e olá ʻoku ʻasi ia ʻi he hāʻanga fakamatala ʻo e letioó, pea ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi kupuʻi lea hangē ko e “ʻOku ou ongoʻi lelei ʻaupito!” “ʻOku fuʻu fakahohaʻa!” mo e “Haʻu ke ta vaʻinga!” Naʻe pehē ʻe he kautahá kuo fakatau atu ʻa e 300,000 ʻo e ngaahi meʻangāue $100 U.S. ko ení ʻi Siapani pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fakaʻamu ke aʻu ki he taha milioná ʻi hono fakatūʻuta ʻi Kōlea Tonga mo e ʻIunaite Seteté.

 ʻIkai ha Falala ki he Ngaahi Siasí

“ʻOku falala lahi ʻa e kau Siamané ki he kau polisí mo e kau taú, kae ʻikai ki he ngaahi siasí,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa Leipziger Volkszeitung. ʻI hono “saveaʻi ʻo e falalá,” naʻe ʻilo ai ʻe he Fōlomu ʻEkonōmika ʻa Māmaní, ʻi he ngaahi kautaha lalahi fakapuleʻanga ʻe 17, ko e siasí naʻe siʻi taha ʻa e falala ki aí. Ko e sōsiolosia ko Armin Nassehi naʻá ne pehē, ʻi he ngaahi taimi ko eni ʻo e fakautuutu ʻa e nofo tailiilí, ʻoku falala lahi ange ai ʻa e kau Siamané ki he ngaahi kautaha ʻoku nau “fakafaikehekeheʻi ʻa e leleí mei he koví,” hangē ko e kau polisí mo e ngaahi kongakau taú. Ko e hā ʻoku fai ai ʻa e taʻefalala ki he ngaahi siasí? ʻOku pehē ʻe Nassehi: “Neongo ha toe fakaake ʻo e tuʻunga fakalotú, ʻoku ʻikai tui ʻa e kakaí ʻe lava ʻe he siasí ke ne solova ʻenau ngaahi palopalema mafatukituki moʻoní.” Ko e ngaahi siasi ʻi Siamané “ʻoku ʻikai ha toe meʻa ka ko e ngaahi ouaú pē ʻoku nau ʻomaí,” ko ʻene laú ia.

Inu Lahí mo Hono Ngaahi Haʻahaʻá

“Ko e inu lahi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kakai fefiné mo e kau talavoú kuo iku ai ki ha fakautuutu lahi ʻa e ngaahi mate felāveʻi mo e ʻolokaholó ʻi Pilitānia,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa Lonitoni ko e Independent. “Ko e ngaahi mate tupu mei he inu ʻo fuʻu hulú kuo liunga ua ia ʻi he foʻi taʻu ʻe 20, ʻo lahi tahá koeʻuhi ko e mahaki ʻate tuʻumaʻu mo e maumau ʻo e ʻaté.” Pea ko e kau maʻukoviá ʻoku fakaʻaʻau ia ki he kau taʻu siʻi ange. “ʻI he hongofuluʻi taʻu kuo maliu atú ko e taʻu māʻolunga taha ʻo e maté naʻe ʻi he 70 tupu siʻí, fakatouʻosi ki he kakai tangata mo e kakai fefine. Ko e ngaahi fika fakamuimui taha ki he 1998-2000, ʻoku hā mei ai ko e taʻu māʻolunga tahá kuo tō hifo ia he taimí ni ki he nimangofulu tupu lahí,” ko e lau ia ʻa e līpōtí. Ka ko e ngaahi haʻahaʻa ʻo e ngāuekoviʻaki ʻo e ʻolokaholó ʻoku ʻikai fakangatangata pē ki he mahakí. ʻI Falanisē “ʻoku hā ʻoku kaunga fakahangatonu ʻa e ʻolokaholó ki he peseti ʻe 10 ki he 20 ʻo e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he ngāueʻangá,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa Le Monde. Tānaki atu ki ai, ʻi he taʻu taki taha ʻi Falanisē, ʻoku mate ai ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 2,700 pea lavelavea ʻa e toko 24,000 ʻi he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he halá ko e felāveʻi mo e inú, pea ʻoku fekauʻaki ʻa e ʻolokaholó mo e peseti ʻe 30 nai ʻo e ngaahi tōʻonga fakamālohí. ʻOku toe faʻao foki ʻe he ngāuekoviʻaki ʻo e ʻolokaholó ha fuʻu totongi fakapaʻanga lahi. ʻOku pehē ʻe he Le Monde, ʻi Falanisē ʻi he 1996, ko e ngāuehalaʻaki ʻo e ʻolokaholó naʻe hoko ai ha mole fakapaʻanga naʻe fakafuofua hono tataú ki he euro ʻe 17.6 piliona (tola ʻe 19.2 piliona).

Mafasiá mo e Puké

“Ko e mafasia ʻi he ngāué mo e ongosiá ʻoku fakalalahi ai ʻa e hoko ʻo e ngaahi puke fakatuʻupakē nounou hangē ko e fofonu, ngaahi mahaki hangē ha fuluú mo e fufula ʻo e keté,” fakatatau ki ha fakatotolo ʻi Netaleni ʻo e kau ngāue laka hake he toko 8,000, naʻe līpooti ʻe he Kautaha Netaleni ki he Fekumi Fakasaienisí. “Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakatotoló ko e kau ngāue, ngāue lahí naʻa nau faʻa puke ʻi he fofonú ʻo laka hake ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 20 ʻi he kau ngāue ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻikai fuʻu fakamafasiá.” Ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga kehe naʻe ʻilo ʻoku tānaki atu ki ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ange ʻo e puké naʻe kau ai ʻa e ngāue poʻulí mo e tailiili ko e tupu mei he toe fokotuʻutuʻu fakakautahá. “Ko e kau ngāue sifi poʻulí ʻoku māʻolunga ange ʻa e malava ke nau maʻu ʻa e ngaahi mahakí ʻi he kau ngāue, ngāue ʻahó,” ko e lau ia ʻa e līpōtí.

Fakatuʻutāmaki Fakaemoʻui ʻo e Ngaahi Keimi Vitioó

ʻOku ʻikai nai ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻá ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e ngaahi keimi vitioó ki he moʻui ʻa ʻenau fānaú, ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa El Universal ʻo e Kolo Mekisikoú. Fakatatau kia Antonio González Hermosillo, palesiteni ʻo e Sōsaieti Mekisikou ki he Mafú, ʻoku aʻu ki he peseti ʻe 40 ʻo e fānau ʻa ia ʻoku nau keimi vitiō maʻu peé te nau maʻu ʻa e toto māʻolungá. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Koeʻuhi, tānaki atu ki he siʻi ʻo e fakamālohisinó, ʻoku hoko ai ʻo mafasia ʻa e fānaú mei heʻenau fuʻu moʻumoʻua ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻoku fakatuʻutāmaki, hangē ko e ʻohofi, ngaahi tuʻunga hangē ha fuhu moʻoní mo e ngaahi fepaki kehé. “Naʻe fakatokanga ʻa e toketaá ʻe ʻai ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e ngaahi keisi fekauʻaki mo e mahaki kātiovasikulaá, ko e tupuʻanga tefito ʻo e mate ʻi Mekisikoú, ke mahiki vave he fonuá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e pepá.

Ko e Ngaahi Fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e Fuʻu Sinó

“Ko e kakai ʻoku nau fuʻu sino ʻi he 40 ʻoku hangehangē te nau mate vave ange ʻaki ʻa e taʻu ʻe tolu ʻi he faʻahinga ʻoku sino pahauhaú, ʻo ʻuhingá ko e fuʻu sino lolotonga ʻa e fatutangatá ʻoku tatau pē ʻene fakatuʻutāmaki ki he lōloa ʻo e moʻuí mo e ifí,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e New York Times. “ʻOku pehē ʻe he fakatotoló ni kapau ʻokú ke fuʻu sino ʻi he kongaloto ʻo ho 30 tupú ki he kongaloto ʻo ho 40 tupú, ʻo aʻu kapau te ke holo ki mui ai, ʻokú ke kei fataki pē ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki lahi ange ʻo e maté,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. Serge Jabbour, ko e talēkita ʻo ha kilīniki fakafalemahaki ki he fakaholó. “Ko e fekau ʻoku ʻomaí kuo pau ke ke ngāue tōmuʻa ki ho mamafá. Kapau te ke tatali fuoloa, ʻe ʻosi hoko nai ʻa e maumaú ia.” Ko e holó ʻe toe lava ke ne taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi mate kanisaá. Hili ha fakatotolo taʻu ʻe 16 ki he kakai ʻe toko 900,000, naʻe aʻu ai ʻa e Sōsaieti Kanisā ʻa ʻAmeliká ki he fakamulituku ko e “fuʻu sinó ʻoku kaunga nai ki he peseti ʻe 14 ʻo e ngaahi mate kanisā ʻi he kakai tangatá pea peseti ʻe 20 ʻi he kakai fefiné,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Times. Kuo fakafehokotaki ʻe he ngaahi fakatotoló ʻa e fuʻu sinó ki he ngaahi kanisā lahi.

Ko e Mālohi ʻo ha Malimali

“ʻOku aʻu ki he peseti ʻe 74 ʻo e kau fakaʻekeʻeké ʻoku ʻikai te nau saiʻia ke fengāueʻaki mo e kakai fakaumiuminoá, pea ko e peseti ʻe 69 ʻe ʻikai ke nau fakakaumeʻa kia kinautolu.” Ko e līpooti ia ʻa e makasini Wprost fekauʻaki mo ha fakatotolo ʻa e Akoʻanga Sōsiale ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Jagiellonian ʻi Kraków, Pōlani. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻe taha naʻe lave ki aí he ko e kakai loto-mamahí ʻoku faʻa fai ʻa e vakai ki ai ʻoku nau fufū ha meʻa. Ko e kakai ʻoku nau ngāue ki he kakaí kuo fuoloa ʻenau ʻilo ʻa e meʻá ni, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻoku faʻa “malimali ai ʻa e kau politikí, kakai pisinisí, kau sitā hiva pop, kau fai polokalama TV mo e kakai ngāue maʻá e kakaí, fakamāketí mo tuʻuaki koloá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Wprost. Naʻe toe ʻilo ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e taimi ʻoku tau malimali aí, ʻoku lahi ange ai ʻa e toto ʻoku aʻu ki hotau foʻi ʻutó, pea ʻoku fakaleleiʻi ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e anga ʻo ʻetau ongoʻí. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha fefine pisinisi: “ʻOku ou feinga ke u malimali neongo kapau ʻoku ʻikai te u ongoʻi ʻoku ou fie malimali. Ko e taimi ʻoku ou malimali aí, ʻoku ou ongoʻi ha liliu ʻi loto, pea ʻoku ʻai moʻoni ai au ke u ongoʻi lelei ange.”

Tokanga! Kau Fakaʻuli Mohe

“Ko e ongosia pe mohe ʻa e fakaʻulí ko ha palopalema lahi mo mafatukituki ia ʻi hotau sōsaietí,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha fakatotolo naʻe līpooti ʻi he Medical Journal of Australia (MJA). Fakatatau ki he kau fakatotoló, “kuo taku ʻe he ngaahi fakatotoló ʻo laka hake ʻi he 20% ʻo e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he halá ki he mohe ʻa e fakaʻulí.” ʻOku pehē ʻe he fakatotolo ʻoku līpooti ʻi he MJA: “Ko e faʻahinga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e tō ʻo mohé ko ha tokotaha fakaʻuli lele oma ʻoku fakaʻuli toko taha he poʻulí pe ʻi he vahaʻa taimi ‘mohe’ hoʻataá. ʻI he fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tupuʻanga kehe ʻo e MVA [ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki meʻalelé], ko e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki tupu mei he tō ʻo mohé ʻoku hokolahia ia ʻi he kakai tangata ʻoku ʻi lalo honau taʻumotuʻá he 30.” ʻOku ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e tō ʻo mohe ʻi he fakaʻulí ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e mahaki mohe anga-maheni ʻoku ʻiloa ko e obstructive sleep apnea pe mohe tamaki ʻi he mei mapuni ʻa e mānavá (OSA). ʻOku pehē ʻe he pepá ʻoku uesia ʻe he OSA ʻa e “25% nai ʻo e kau fatutangatá.” Ko e kakai ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e OSA ʻoku ʻikai nai te nau ʻilo ki heʻenau fuʻu ofi ʻaupito ki he tō ʻo mohe lolotonga ʻa e fakaʻulí.