Kehekehe Fakaofo ʻo e Moʻuí ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga ʻAmasoní

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Kehekehe Fakaofo ʻo e Moʻuí ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga ʻAmasoní

MEI lalo ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga Peluú, ʻoku mafola atu ai ʻa e vaotā ki he hahaké ʻo aʻu ki he konitinēniti ʻo ʻAmelika Tongá ʻi he kilomita ʻe 3,700 nai. ʻOku faifai pē, ʻo fetaulaki ʻa e vaotā lanu mata ko ení mo e lanu pulū ʻo e ʻŌseni ʻAtalanitikí.

Ko e konga ʻo e vaotā ko ení ʻoku ʻi Pelū ia—ʻi hono vahefonua ʻAmasoní—ʻo kāpui ai ʻa e meimei peseti ʻe 60 ʻo e fonua ko iá. Neongo ko e konga siʻi pē ʻo e kakai Pelū ʻoku nofo ʻi he feituʻú ni, ʻoku tupu ʻāfaʻafa ʻa e ʻakaú mo moʻui ʻa e fanga manu tokolahi ʻi he vaotaá ʻa ia ʻoku mita ʻe 35 hono māʻolungá. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku vakai ki he ʻAmasoní ko e taha ia ʻo e vaotā ʻoku lahi fau ai ʻa e meʻamoʻuí ʻi he māmaní. Laka hake he kalasi kehekehe ʻe 3,000 ʻo e pepé ʻoku nau fepunaʻaki takai holo ʻi he hauhau ʻo e ʻeá. Ko e kalasi nai ʻe 4,000 ʻo e ʻōketí ʻoku nau matala fakaʻofoʻofa ai. Laka hake he faʻahinga ʻe 90 ʻo e ngatá ʻoku nau ngaolo ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he ʻuluʻakaú pea ʻi he vaotaá. Pea ʻoku fakafuofua ki he kalasi ʻe 2,500 ʻo e iká—kau ai ʻa e toke ʻuhilá mo e pilaná—ʻoku nau leʻohi ʻa e ngaahi vaitafé mo e fanga kiʻi matavaí.

ʻOku tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi he ngaahi halanga vai ko ení ʻa e Vaitafe ʻAmasoní. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu ʻe niʻihi, ko e lahi ʻo e ʻuha ʻoku tō mita ʻe 2.5 ki he 3, ʻoku lava ke ne fakaviviku fakataʻu ʻa e vaotaá ʻo fakatupunga ai ke hake mai ki ai ʻa e Vaitafe ʻAmasoní mo hono ngaahi anovaí. Ko e fakatahaʻi ʻo e velá mo e hauhaú ʻoku fakatupunga ai ha ʻea mao, ʻa ia ʻoku lelei ki he ʻakaú. Kae kehe, ʻoku taau ke fakatokangaʻi ʻa e tupu ʻāfaʻafa ʻa e mohukú ʻi he kelekele ʻumea ʻa ia ʻoku vakai ki ai ʻoku kau ʻi he kelekele kakā taha ʻi he māmaní, ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ke fai ai ha ngoue tuʻumaʻu.

Tupuʻanga he Kuohilí ʻo e Nofoʻi ʻe he Tangatá

Ko hai ʻe fili ke nofo ʻi ha feituʻu pehē? ʻOku tui ʻa e kau keli fakatotoló ko e taluo ʻo e Vaitafe ʻAmasoní naʻe nofo ai ʻa e kakai ʻe laui miliona ʻi he ngaahi senituli kuohilí. ʻI he lolotongá ni, ʻoku fakafuofua ki ha toko 300,000—ʻoku vahevahe ki he kulupu fakafaʻahinga laka hake he 40—ʻoku nau nofoʻi ʻa e vahefonua Pelū ʻo e ʻAmasoní. ʻOku toe ʻi ai ʻa e tui ko e kulupu ʻe 14 ʻo e kulupu tuʻufonua ko ení ʻoku nau lolotonga nofo ʻo meimei mavahe fakaʻaufuli mei he toenga ʻo e māmaní. Hili ʻenau hā nounou ki he sōsaieti “sivilaisé,” naʻe foki ʻa e kakai ko ení ki he feituʻu mamaʻo taha ʻo e vaotaá, ʻi he ʻamanaki te nau fakaʻehiʻehi ai mei ha toe fetuʻutaki pē mo kinautolu.

Ko fē taimi naʻe tūʻuta ai heni ʻa e kau nofo vaotaá, pea naʻa nau haʻú mei fē? ʻOku fakamahamahalo ʻa e kau mataotaó, ʻi ha ngaahi senituli ki muʻa ʻi Hotau Kuongá, naʻe haʻu ai mei he tokelaú ʻa e ʻuluaki faʻahinga naʻa nau hiki maí. Ko e kau Jivaro (naʻa nau ʻiloa ʻi hono ʻai ke mingi ʻa e ʻulu ʻo honau fili kuo tāmateʻí) naʻa nau haʻu mei he Kalipiané; pea ko e kau Arawak, mei Venisuela. Ko e ngaahi matakali kehé ʻoku pehē naʻa nau haʻu mei Pelēsila ʻi he hahaké mo Palakuei ʻi he tongá.

ʻI he fokotuʻu pē honau nofoʻangá, ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e ngaahi kulupu fakamatakalí ʻoku hā naʻa nau fononga holo ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu pau, ʻi he tulimanú mo e fakatahatahá. Naʻa nau toe tō ʻa e ngaahi ngoue naʻe feʻunga ki he kelekele ʻēsití, hangē ko e manioké, polo fifisí, siainé pea mo e koané. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he kau faiongoongo Sipeiní ko e niʻihi ʻo e kakaí naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu maau, ʻo nau faʻu ha ngaahi feleoko mo e ngaahi founga ki hono tauhi ʻo e fanga manu kaivaó.

Fepaki ʻi he Anga Fakafonuá

Lolotonga ʻa e senituli 16 mo e 17, naʻe tūʻuta ai ʻa e kau tau Sipeini ikuná ʻi he ʻAmasoní. ʻIkai fuoloa mei ai naʻe tūʻuta ai ʻa e kau misinale Sēsuti mo e Felenisisikani naʻa nau fakataumuʻa ke fakaului ʻa e kakai tuʻufonuá ki he tui Katolika Lomá. Ko e kau misinale ko iá naʻa nau faʻu ʻa e ngaahi mape lelei ʻaupito ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻatā atu ai ʻa e ʻAmasoní ki he fiemaʻu ʻa ʻIulopé. Ka naʻe toe fakaʻatā foki ʻe he kau misinalé ke haʻu ai ʻa e mahakí mo e fakaʻauha.

Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi he 1638 naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha ʻapi misiona ʻi he feituʻu ʻa ia ko e Vahefonua Maynas ia he taimí ni. Naʻe tānaki ʻe he kau misinalé ʻa e kakai tuʻufonuá, ʻo fakatahatahaʻi ʻikai toe filifili ʻa e ngaahi kulupu naʻa nau feʻauʻauhí pea fakamālohiʻi ke nau fāʻūtaha ki he moʻui fakafeituʻú. Ki he taumuʻa “lelei” ko e hā? Koeʻuhi ko e vakai ki he kakai tuʻufonuá ʻoku nau taʻeako mo māʻulaló, naʻe fakamālohiʻi ai kinautolu ke nau ngāue ki he kau misinalé mo e kau tau ikuná. Ko ha ikuʻanga ʻo e fetuʻutaki vāofi mo e kau ʻIulopé, naʻe mate ai ʻa e kakai tuʻufonua ʻe laui afe mei he mīselé, simolopōkisí, ngaloʻafú, mo e kiliá. Naʻe mate ʻa e toe laui afe ʻi he fiekaiá.

Naʻe hola ʻa e kau ʻInitia tokolahi mei he ngaahi ʻapi misiona naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ngaahi kulupu lotu kehekehe, pea naʻe tāmateʻi ʻa e kau misinale tokolahi ʻi ha ngaahi angatuʻu. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻi he taimi ʻe taha ʻi he muʻaki ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻo e senituli hono 19, ko e pātele pē ʻe taha naʻe toe ʻi he vahefonua ʻAmasoní.

Anga ʻo ʻEnau Moʻui he ʻAho Ní

ʻI he ʻahó ni, ko e kakai tuʻufonua tokolahi ʻoku hokohoko atu pē ʻenau moʻuí ʻo fakatatau ki he talatukufakaholó. Hangē ko ení, ʻoku nau ngaohi honau ngaahi ʻapi ʻi he koló ʻi he founga motuʻá—ʻo alangafale ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu pou kuo tā mai mei he vaó pea ʻato lauʻi paame pe mohuku kehe. Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi nofoʻanga ko ení ʻoku langa ʻo pou ki ʻolunga, ko e tāfea fakataʻú ʻoku ʻikai hoko ai ha palopalema pea ʻoku tātātaha pē ke hū ki ai ha fanga manu fakatuʻutāmaki.

Ko e ngaahi kulupu fakamatakalí ʻoku nau teuteu mo teunga kehekehe. Ko e kakai tangata mo e fefine ʻoku nofo mamaʻo ʻi he vaotaá ʻoku nau ʻai ha meʻa ke ʻufiʻufiʻaki honau konga ki laló pe tui ʻa e ngaahi piva lālanga tātāʻolunga, pea ʻoku telefua pē ʻa ʻenau fānaú. Ko e faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau fetuʻutaki lahi ange mo e toenga ʻo e māmaní kuo nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e sīpinga vala ʻa e Uēsité. Ko e kakai tuʻufonua ʻe niʻihi ʻoku nau tui ʻa honau ihú pe telingá pea teuteuʻiʻaki ʻa e ngaahi foʻi mama, ʻakau, ngaahi foʻi hui, pe fulufuluʻi manu. Ko e niʻihi, hangē ko e kau Mayoruna, ʻoku nau tui honau kouʻahé. Ko e kau Tucuna mo e kau Jivaro ʻe niʻihi ʻoku aʻu ʻo nau faileʻi ʻa honau nifó. Ko e tokolahi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi matakali kehekehé ʻoku nau fusi ʻa e fulufulu ʻi honau sinó pea tā-tatau ʻa honau kilí.

Ko e kakai ʻAmasoní ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e ʻakau kehekehe ʻe laui afe pea ngāueʻaki ʻa e vaotaá ko ha maʻuʻanga faitoʻo. ʻOku nau ʻomai mei ai ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo ki he huhu ʻa e ngatá, tuʻu-totó mo e ngaahi faitoʻo ki he kilí, ko ha niʻihi siʻi pē eni. Ki muʻa fuoloa ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he ngaahi sōsaieti ʻo e Uēsité ʻa e ulapá, naʻe tā ʻe he kakai ʻo e ʻAmasoní ʻa e ʻulu ulapá ʻo fakatafe hono toʻí, ʻo ngāueʻaki ia ke valiʻaki ʻenau kato ngāué ke ʻoua ʻe hū ki ai ʻa e vaí pea ngaohiʻaki ha ngaahi foʻi pulu vaʻinga. ʻOku toe maʻu ʻi he vaotaá ʻa e naunau ʻoku fiemaʻu ki he fefonongaʻakí mo e fetuʻutaki mamaʻó. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe tā ʻe he kakai tangatá ʻa e ʻuluʻakaú ʻo faʻuʻaki ha ngaahi pōpao ki heʻenau fefonongaʻaki ʻi he ngaahi halanga vaitafé, pea ʻoku nau toʻo liu ʻa e ngaahi kupuʻi ʻakau lalahí ke ngaahi ʻaki ha nafa ki hono tā ʻo fakaongo atu ʻaki ha ngaahi pōpoaki ʻa ia naʻe lava ke fanongo ki ai mei ha feituʻu mamaʻo ʻaupito!

Tākiekina ʻa e Kau Taula Faʻahikehé mo e Tui Fakafaʻahikehé

Ki he kau nofo ʻi he ʻAmasoní, ko e vaotaá ʻoku fonu ʻi he ngaahi laumālie ʻoku nau ʻalu fano holo ʻi he poʻulí, ko e ngaahi laumālie ʻoku nau fakatupunga ʻa e puké, mo e ngaahi ʻotua ʻoku nau toi ʻi he ngaahi vaitafé ʻo taliʻi ʻa e faʻahinga taʻetokanga ʻa ia ʻe maʻukoviá. Fakakaukau angé ki he kau Aguaruna, ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi kulupu lahi taha ʻi Peluú. ʻOku nau lotu ki he ʻotua kehekehe ʻe nima: “Tamai Pāteʻitau,” “Tamai ko e Vaí,” “Faʻē ko e Māmaní,” “Tamai ko e Laʻaá,” mo ha “Tamai taula faʻahikehe.” ʻOku tui ʻa e tokolahi ko e tangatá ʻoku nau liliu ʻo hoko ko e ʻakau mo e fanga manu. ʻI he manavahē ʻi hono fakaʻitaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻamoʻui laumālié, ʻoku fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e kakai tuʻufonuá mei hono tāmateʻi ʻo e fanga manu pau pea toki tuli pē ʻa e fanga manu kehé ʻi he taimi naʻe fiemaʻu aí.

Ko e kau taula faʻahikehé pe kau tangata faitoʻó ʻoku nau tokangaʻi ʻa e moʻui fakalotu tukufakaholó mo e sōsaietí, ʻa ia ʻoku nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e ʻakau fakamohe fakaʻatamaí. Ko e faʻahinga ʻe niʻihi ʻi he koló ʻoku nau kumi ki he kau tangatá ni ke faitoʻo honau puké, ke tomuʻa ʻilo ʻa e ola ʻo e tulimanú mo e tō ʻo e ngoué, pea ke tomuʻa tala ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kehe ʻi he kahaʻú.

ʻE Mole Atu Ia?

Ko e māmani ʻo e kakai ʻo e ʻAmasoní ʻoku vave ʻene ʻalu ke molé. ʻOku vahe ʻe he ngaahi hala lalahí ʻa e vaotaá. Ko e ngaahi fāmá mo e ngoue kokó ʻoku toʻo ai ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e vaotaá. Ko e tā taʻefakalao ʻo e ʻakaú ʻoku fakatekefua ai ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e vaotaá, ʻo fakaʻauha ai he ʻaho taki taha ha ʻēlia ʻoku tatau hono lahí mo e malaʻe soka ʻe 1,200! Naʻa mo e ngaahi halanga vaí ʻoku uesia ʻi he ngaahi ngāueʻanga keli malala fakalao pea ko e ngaohi taʻefakalao ʻo e kōkeiní ʻoku ʻuliʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi anovai ʻokú ne fakafonu ʻa e Vaitafe ʻAmasoní.

Ko e moʻoni, ko e kakai nofo mavahe ʻo e ʻAmasoní ʻoku nau ongoʻi ʻa e nunuʻa ʻo e moʻui lolotonga ʻo e taimi naʻe kikiteʻi ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻe hoko ko e “taimi faingataʻa.” (2 Timote 3:1-5) Kuo ʻosi fakapapauʻi ʻe fakaʻauha fakaʻaufuli ʻa e ʻAmasoní? ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa e fakapapau heʻikai ko e tuʻungá eni. ʻI he malumalu ʻo e pule ʻa e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá, ko e māmaní fakakātoa ʻe liliu ia ki ha palataisi, hangē ko ia naʻe fakataumuʻa ki ai ʻa hotau Tokotaha-Fakatupú.—Aisea 35:1, 2; 2 Pita 3:13.

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Vaitafe ʻAmasoní

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Ko e kau Aguaruna ʻoku nau lotu ki he ʻotua kehekehe ʻe nima

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Kakai fefine ʻi he matakali Lamas

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Ngāueʻaki ʻe ha tokotaha tuʻufonua ʻo e ʻAmasoní ha meʻa puhi ʻo e fanga kiʻi meʻa mata māsila

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ʻApi anga-maheni ʻi he koló

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Ko ha ʻēlia ʻoku tatau hono lahí mo e malaʻe soka ʻe 1,200 ʻoku tā taʻefakalao hono ʻuluʻakaú ʻi he ʻaho taki taha

[Credit Line]

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‘Ā HAKE!