Kuo Tākiekina Koe ʻe he Kau Sīnikí?

“KO E sīnikí ko ha tokotaha ia ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito te ne sio ki ha ʻulungaanga lelei ʻi ha tangata, pea ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito taʻemalava ke ne sio ki ha ʻulungaanga kovi. Ko ha foʻi lulu fakaetangata ia, ʻokú ne ʻāʻā ʻi he fakapoʻulí, pea kui ʻi he māmá, ʻo kumi ha kiʻi manu, pea kuo teʻeki ai ʻaupito ke sio ia ʻi ha tulimanu.” Kuo tuku ʻa e fakamatala ko ení ki he faifekau ʻAmelika ʻo e senituli hono 19 ko Henry Ward Beecher. ʻE fakakaukau nai ʻa e tokolahi ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi totonu ʻa e laumālie ʻo ha sīniki ʻi onopooni. Ka ko e foʻi lea “sīnikí” naʻe tupu ia ʻi Kalisi ʻo e kuonga muʻá, ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ke ʻuhinga pē ia ai ki ha tokotaha ʻokú ne fakahāhā ha fakakaukau pehē. ʻI he laui senituli, naʻe ʻuhinga ia ki ha faʻahinga ko e kau filōsefa.

Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻa e tupulaki ʻa e filōsofia ʻa e kau Sīnikí? Ko e hā naʻa nau akoʻí? ʻE manakoa ʻe ha Kalisitiane ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga ʻa ha tokotaha Sīniki?

Kau Sīniki he Kuonga Muʻá​—Ko Honau Tupuʻangá mo ʻEnau Ngaahi Tuí

Ko Kalisi ʻo e kuonga muʻá ko ha feituʻu manakoa ia ʻo e fetalanoaʻakí mo e tipeití. ʻI he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi senitulí ʻo aʻu mai ki Hotau Kuongá, ko e kau tangata hangē ko Sōkolotesí, Palató, mo ʻAlisitōtoló naʻa nau tuku mai ke tālangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi filōsofia ʻa ia naʻá ne ʻai kinautolu ke nau ʻiloá. Naʻe laveʻi loloto ʻe heʻenau ngaahi akonakí ʻa e kakaí, pea ko e ngaahi fakakaukau peheé ʻoku kei maʻu pē ia ʻi he anga fakafonua ʻa e Hihifó.

Ko Sōkolotesi (470-​399 K.M.) naʻá ne kikihiʻi ʻe ʻikai maʻu ʻa e fiefia tuʻuloá ʻi he tuli ki he ngaahi meʻa fakamatelié pe ko e maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fiefia fakaeongó. Naʻá ne pehē ʻoku tupu ʻa e fiefia moʻoní mei ha moʻui kuo līʻoa ʻi he kumi ki he ʻulungaanga leleí. Naʻe vakai ʻa Sōkolotesi ki he ʻulungaanga leleí ko e lelei taupotú ia. Ke aʻusia ʻa e taumuʻa ko ení, naʻá ne talitekeʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻumālie fakamatelié mo e ngaahi feinga naʻe ʻikai fiemaʻú koeʻuhi he naʻá ne ongoʻi ʻe fakaleluʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ko ení. Naʻá ne poupouʻi ʻa e ʻikai ke fuʻu hulú mo e fakaʻikaiʻi-kitá, ʻo ne tataki ha moʻui faingofua mo ʻikai fakamole.

Naʻe fakatupu ʻe Sōkolotesi ha founga akonaki naʻe ʻiloa ko e founga faka-Sōkolotesí. Lolotonga naʻe ʻomai ʻe he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau filōsefá ha foʻi fakakaukau pea tokonaki mai mo e ngaahi ʻuhinga ke poupouʻiʻakí, naʻe fai ʻe Sōkolotesi ia ʻa e meʻa fehangahangaí. Naʻá ne fanongo ki he ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau filōsefa kehé pea kumi ke fakaeʻa ʻa e ngaahi fehālaaki ʻi heʻenau ngaahi fakakaukaú. Naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ʻe he sitepu ko ení ha fakakaukau fakaanga mo taʻefakaʻapaʻapa ki he niʻihi kehé.

Naʻe ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau muimui ʻo Sōkolotesí ha filōsefa ko hono hingoá ko ʻAnitisifinesi (445-​365 K.M. nai). Ko ia mo ha niʻihi kehe tokolahi naʻa nau fakalahiʻi ʻa e akonaki tefito ʻa Sōkolotesí ʻaki ʻenau pehē ko e ʻulungaanga leleí pē ʻa e meʻa ʻoku leleí. Kiate kinautolu ko e tuli ki he mālié naʻe ʻikai ko ha fakalelu pē ka ko ha founga ia ʻo e koví. ʻI he hoko ʻo mātuʻaki taʻefakasōsialé, naʻa nau fakahāhā ʻa e fehiʻa lahi ki he kaungā faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Naʻa nau hoko ai ʻo ʻiloa ko e kau Sīniki. Ko e foʻi hingoa Sīnikí ko e haʻu nai ia mei he foʻi lea faka-Kalisi ko e (ky·ni·kosʹ) ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi ʻenau anga-fakalolongo mo fieʻeikí. ʻOku ʻuhingá ko e “hangē ha kulií.” a

 Nunuʻa ʻo ʻEnau Founga Moʻuí

Lolotonga ko e ngaahi ʻelemēniti pehē ʻo e filōsofia Sīnikí ʻoku hoko ko e fakafepaki ki he tuli ki he meʻa fakamatelié mo e fakafiemālieʻi kitá ʻiate kinaua pē nai kuo vakai ki ai ko ha meʻa lelei, naʻe fuʻu tōtuʻa ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ia ʻa e kau Sīnikí. ʻOku hā mahino eni ʻi he moʻui ʻa e Sīniki ʻiloa tahá​—ko e filōsefa ko Taiosini.

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Taiosini ʻi he 412 K.M. ʻi Sinope, ko ha kolo lahi ʻi he Tahi ʻUliʻulí. Naʻá ne hiki mo ʻene tamaí ki ʻAtenisi, ʻa ia naʻá ne fetuʻutaki ai mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa e kau Sīnikí. Naʻe akoʻi ʻa Taiosini ʻe ʻAnitisifinesi pea ne hoko ai ʻo nōfoʻi ki he filōsofia Sīnikí. Naʻe tataki ʻe Sōkolotesi ha moʻui faingofua, pea naʻe tataki ʻe ʻAnitisifinesi ha moʻui anga-fefeka. Neongo ia, naʻe tataki ʻe Taiosini ia ha moʻui fakaʻikaiʻi-kita. Ke fakamamafaʻi ʻa ʻene talitekeʻi ʻa e ngaahi fiemālie fakamatelié, fakatatau ki he fakamatalá naʻe nofo ʻa Taiosini ʻi ha taimi nounou ʻi ha topu!

ʻI he fekumi ki he lelei taupotú, ʻoku pehē naʻe luelue ʻa Taiosini ʻi loto ʻAtenisi ʻi he maamaloa ʻo e ʻahó mo ha maama kuo tutu ʻo kumi ki ha tokotaha anga-lelei! Naʻe tohoakiʻi ʻe he tōʻonga peheé ʻa e tokangá pea ko ha founga ia naʻe akoʻaki ʻe Taiosini mo e kau Sīniki kehé. ʻOku pehē naʻe ʻeke ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha ʻe ʻAlekisānita ko e Lahi kia Taiosini pe ko e hā ʻa e meʻa naʻá ne fiemaʻu lahi tahá. Fakatatau ki he fakamatalá naʻe pehē ʻe Taiosini ko e meʻa pē naʻá ne fiemaʻú ke ʻunu ʻa ʻAlekisānita ki he tafaʻakí ke ʻoua te ne taʻofi ʻa e maama mei he laʻaá!

Ko Taiosini mo e kau Sīniki kehé naʻa nau moʻui ko e kau kolekole. Naʻe ʻikai hanau taimi ki he ngaahi vahaʻangatae anga-maheni fakaetangatá, pea naʻa nau talitekeʻi ʻa e ngaahi fatongia fakafonuá. Mahalo pē ʻi hono tākiekina ʻe he founga fakaʻuhinga faka-Sōkolotesí, naʻa nau hoko ai ʻo mātuʻaki taʻetokaʻi ʻa e niʻihi kehé. Naʻe hoko ʻa Taiosini ʻo ʻiloa ʻi heʻene lea paetaku fakalotolaveá. Naʻe maʻu ʻe he kau Sīnikí ʻa e ongoongo ʻo e hoko ʻo “hangē ha kulií,” ka ko Taiosini tonu naʻe ui fakatenetene ia Ko e Kulī. Naʻá ne mate ʻi he 320 K.M. nai ʻi he taimi naʻá ne taʻu 90 nai aí. Ko ha maka fakamanatu māpele naʻe fakatahaʻi ai ha fōtunga ʻo ha kulī naʻe fokotuʻu ia ʻi hono fonualotó.

Ko e ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻe niʻihi ʻo e filōsofia Sīnikí naʻe hū ia ki he ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e ngaahi akoʻanga kehé. Kae kehe, ʻi ha taimi, ko e ngaahi anga-kehe naʻe felāveʻi mo Taiosini pea mo e kau muimui ki muí, naʻá ne ʻomai ʻa e ongoongo kovi ki he akoʻanga Sīnikí. Faifai atu pē, naʻe pulia fakaʻaufuli ia.

Kau Sīniki he ʻAho Ní​—ʻOku Totonu Ke Ke Fakahāhā ʻEnau Ngaahi Tōʻongá?

ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he The Oxford English Dictionary ha sīniki ʻi he ʻahó ni ko “ha tokotaha ʻoku hehema ki he tafulú pe ko e kumi tōnounoú. . . . Ko ha tokotaha ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ha hehema ke taʻetui ki he loto-moʻoni pe ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e ngaahi taumuʻa mo e ngaahi ngāue fakaetangatá, pea ʻokú ne angaʻaki ʻa hono fakahāhaaʻi ení ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi taukae mo e ngaahi lea paetaku; ko ha tokotaha taukae kumi tōnounou ia.” Ko e ngaahi tōʻonga ko ení ʻoku fakahāhā ia ʻi he māmani takatakai ʻiate kitautolú, ka, ko e moʻoni, ʻoku ʻikai te nau hōhoamālie mo e angaʻitangata faka-Kalisitiané. Fakakaukau angé ki he ngaahi akonaki mo e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni hoko hake ʻa e Tohitapú.

“ʻOku manavaʻofa mo angalelei ʻa Sihova! ʻOku ne tuai ki he houhau, pea mohu ʻaloʻofa. ʻE ʻikai fai ai pe ʻene tautea, pea ʻe ʻikai te ne tauhi ʻene ʻita ʻo taʻengata.” (Sāme 103:​8, 9) ʻOku tala ki he kau Kalisitiané ke nau “hoko muʻa ko e kau faʻifaʻitaki ki he ʻOtua.” (Efeso 4:32 [5:​1, PM]) Kapau ʻoku fili ʻe he ʻOtua Māfimafi-Aoniú ke fakahāhā ʻa e mēsí pea mo ha ʻaloʻofa lahi kae ʻikai ke “hehema ke tafulu pe kumi tōnounou,” ko e moʻoni ʻoku totonu ke feinga ʻa e kau Kalisitiané ke nau fai ʻa e meʻa tatau.

Ko Sīsū Kalaisi, ʻa e fakafofonga totonu ʻo Sihová, naʻá ne ‘tuku ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga kiate kitautolu ke tau muimui ofi, ʻo topuvaʻe taha mo ia.’ (1 Pita 2:​21; Hepelu 1:3) ʻI ha ngaahi taimi, naʻe fakaeʻa ai ʻe Sīsū ʻa e ngaahi loi fakalotú pea fakamoʻoni fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ngāue fulikivanu ʻa e māmaní. (Sione 7:7) Neongo ia, naʻá ne leaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lelei fekauʻaki mo e kakai loto-moʻoní. Hangē ko ení, naʻá ne pehē fekauʻaki mo Nataniela: “Vakai, koe Isileli mooni, oku ikai i ai ha kaka!” (Sione 1:​47, PM) ʻI he taimi naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe Sīsū ha maná, naʻá ne tokanga nai ki he tui naʻe maʻu ʻe ha tokotahá. (Mātiu 9:​22) Pea ʻi he taimi naʻe fakakaukau ai ʻa e niʻihi naʻe maumau-meʻa ʻa e meʻaʻofa ʻa ha fefine ʻi heʻene houngaʻiá, naʻe ʻikai ke fai faka-sīniki ʻa Sīsū ki heʻene ngaahi taumuʻá ka naʻá ne pehē: “ʻIlonga ha potu ʻi mamani katoa ʻe malangaʻaki ai ʻa e Kosipeli ni, ʻe leaʻaki ai foki ʻa e meʻa ne fai ʻe siʻi fefine ni, ko e fakamanatu kiate ia.” (Mātiu 26:​6-13) Ko Sīsuú ko ha kaumeʻa falalaʻanga ia pea mo ha takanga anga-ʻofa ki hono kau muimuí, ʻo ne ‘ofa be ia kiate kinautolu o aʻu ki he gataagá.’—Sione 13:​1, PM.

Koeʻuhi naʻe haohaoa ʻa Sīsū, naʻe lavangofua pē ke ne ʻiloʻi ʻa e fehālaaki ʻa e kakai taʻehaohaoá. Kae kehe, ʻi he ʻikai fakahāhā ha laumālie taʻetui mo fakasio  fehālaakí, naʻá ne kumi ke fakaivifoʻou ʻa e kakaí.​—Mātiu 11:​29, 30.

“[Ko ʻofa] ʻoku ne tui ʻi he meʻa kotoa pe.” (1 Kolinito 13:7) Ko e fakamatala ko iá ʻoku fehangahangai hangatonu ia mo e anga ʻo ha sīniki, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fehuʻia ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa mo e ngaahi ngāue ʻa e niʻihi kehé. Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku fonu ʻa e māmaní ʻi he kakai mo e ngaahi taumuʻa fufū; ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻi ai ha fiemaʻu ke tokanga. (Palovepi 14:15 [Lea Fakatātā, PM]) Ka neongo ia, ko ʻofá ʻoku mateuteu ia ke tui koeʻuhi he ʻoku loto-falala ia, ʻo ʻikai ke huʻuhuʻu tōtuʻa.

ʻOku ʻofa mo falala ʻa e ʻOtuá ki heʻene kau sevānití. ʻOkú ne ʻafioʻi honau ngaahi ngātangá ʻo lelei ange ia ʻiate kinautolu. Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito ke tōʻongaʻaki ʻe Sihova ʻa e huʻuhuʻu ki hono kakaí, pea ʻoku ʻikai te ne ʻamanekina ʻa e meʻa lahi ange meiate kinautolu ʻi he meʻa ʻoku nau malava lelei ke faí. (Sāme 103:​13, 14) ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku ʻafio mai ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he lelei ʻi he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá, pea ʻi ha founga falalaʻanga, ʻokú ne foaki mai ʻa e ngaahi monū mo e tuʻunga mafai ki heʻene kau sevāniti mateakí, neongo ʻenau taʻehaohaoá.​—1 Tuʻi 14:13; Sāme 82:6.

“Ko au Sihova ʻoku ou hakule ʻa e loto, ʻoku ou sivi ʻa e kofuua, koeʻuhi ke ʻatu ki he tangata ʻo tāu mo hono ʻalunga, ʻo fakatatau ki he fua ʻo ʻene faianga.” (Selemaia 17:10) ʻOku lava ke tala totonu ʻe Sihova ha loto ʻo ha tokotaha. ʻOku ʻikai te tau lava ia. Ko ia ai, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tau tokanga fekauʻaki mo hono fakamahaloʻi ha ngaahi taumuʻa pau ki he niʻihi kehé.

ʻI hono fakaʻatā ha laumālie faka-sīniki ke faiaka ʻiate kitautolu pea faifai pē ʻo ne puleʻi ʻetau fakakaukaú, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻene malava ke fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi māvahevahe ʻiate kitautolu mo e kaungātuí. ʻE lava ke ne veuki ʻa e melino ʻa e fakatahaʻanga Kalisitiané. Ko ia ai, tau muimui ʻi he faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻa Sīsuú, ʻa ia naʻá ne moʻoni mo pau, ʻi heʻene feangainga mo ʻene kau ākongá. Naʻá ne hoko ko honau kaumeʻa falalaʻanga. ​—Sione 15:​11-​15.

“Hange ko ia ʻoku mou loto ke fai ʻe he kakai kiate kimoutolu, mou fai tatau mo ia foki kiate kinautolu.” (Luke 6:31) ʻOku lahi ʻa e ngaahi founga ke ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e akonaki ko eni ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí. Hangē ko ení, ko kitautolu kotoa ʻoku tau saiʻia ke leaʻaki mai kiate kitautolu ʻa e anga-ʻofá mo e tokaʻí. Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku totonu leva ke tau fakahaaʻi kitautolu ki he niʻihi kehé ʻi ha founga anga-ʻofa mo tokaʻi. Naʻa mo e taimi naʻe fakaeʻa mālohi ai ʻe Sīsū ʻa e ngaahi akonaki hala ʻa e kau taki lotú, naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito te ne fai eni ʻi ha founga faka-sīniki.​—Mātiu 23:​13-​36.

Ngaahi Founga ke Tauʻi Ai ʻa e Tui Faka-Sīnikí

Kapau kuo tau hokosia ʻa e ngaahi tōnoa ʻo e ʻamanakí, ʻe faingofua nai ai ke tau fakaʻatā kitautolu ke tākiekina ʻe he tui faka-sīnikí. ʻE lava ke tau tauʻi ʻa e hehema ko ení ʻaki ʻa e mahinoʻi ʻoku feangainga loto-falala mai ʻa Sihova ki hono kakai taʻehaohaoá. ʻE lava ke tokoniʻi kitautolu ʻe he meʻá ni ke tali ʻa e kau lotu kehe ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi honau tuʻungá​—ko e faʻahinga taʻehaohaoa ʻo e tangatá ʻoku nau feinga ke fai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonú.

ʻE taki atu nai ʻe he ngaahi meʻa fakamamahi ʻoku hokosiá ʻa e niʻihi ke nau taʻefalala ki he kakaí. Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku taʻefakapotopoto ke tuku ʻetau falalá kotoa ki he faʻahinga taʻehaohaoa ʻo e tangatá. (Sāme 146:​3, 4) Kae kehe, ʻi he fakatahaʻanga Kalisitiané, ʻoku fiemaʻu loto-moʻoni ʻe he tokolahi ke nau hoko ko ha matavai ʻo e fakalototoʻá. Fakakaukau atu pē ki he laui afe ʻoku nau hangē ha ngaahi faʻē, ngaahi tamai, ngaahi tuofāfine, ngaahi tokoua, mo e fānau ki he faʻahinga ko ia kuo mole honau ngaahi fāmilí tonu. (Maake 10:30) Fakakaukau atu ki he tokolahi ʻoku nau fakamoʻoniʻi ʻenau hoko ko e ngaahi kaumeʻa moʻoni ʻi he ngaahi taimi ʻo e faingataʻá. b​—Palovepi 18:24.

ʻOku ʻikai ko e tui faka-sīnikí ka ko e ʻofa fetokouaʻakí ʻokú ne fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e kau muimui ʻo Sīsuú, he naʻá ne pehē: “Ko e meʻa kó é ʻe ʻilo ai ʻe he kakai kotoa pē ko e kau ako kimoutolu aʻaku, ʻo kapau ʻe ai haʻamou feʻofaʻaki.” (Sione 13:35) Ko ia, tau fakahāhā ʻa e ʻofá, pea tau fakasio ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga lelei ʻo hotau kaungā Kalisitiané. Ko hono fai iá te ne tokoniʻi ai kitautolu ke tau fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ngaahi tōʻonga ʻa ha Sīniki.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

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Ko e Sīniki ʻiloa lahi tahá, ʻa Taiosini

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