Ibami Bobile Bazwangana
Cibalo 13
Ibami Bobile Bazwangana
1, 2. Nkaambo nzi ncotweelede kubikkila maanu kubusinsimi bulembedwe kuli Daniele caandaano 11?
IBAMI bobile balwanina bweendelezi. Mbwiiyabuya myaka, omwe watalika kweendelezya mpoona awalo umwi wacita mbubonya. Kuziindi zimwi mwami omwe nguuyendelezya kakuli umwi ukkede buyo, alimwi kuli ziindi nokutakwe mazwanga. Pele aciindi aatayeeyelwi kwabuka imbi nkondo elyo mazwanga azumanana. Ibali akati kabantu balikutola lubazu mumazwanga aya kwali Mwami wa Aramu Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator, Imwami wa Egepita Ptolemy Lagus, Imwami Mukaintu wa Aramu alimwi a Mwami Mukaintu wa Egepita Cleopatra Wakusaanguna, Ibami ba Roma ba Augusto alimwi a Tiberiyo, alimwi a Mwami mukaintu waku Palmyrene Zenobia. Imazwanga mbwaayabuya kumamanino, icisi ca Nazi Germany, Inkamu yamasi aa Kkomyunizimu, Cisi Ceendelezya Nyika ca Britain a Amelika (Anglo-America), Ciinga Caluumuno citegwa League of Nations alimwi a ciinga ica Lukamantano lwa Zisi citegwa United Nations zyajatikizigwa azyalo. Iciyoocitika kumamanino ncintu citalangilwi pe aziinga zyoonse ezi izibandika twaambo twacisi. Imungelo wa Jehova wakaambilizya businsimi obu kumusinsimi Daniele myaka iitandila ku 2,500 yainda.—Daniele caandaano 11.
2 Wakagambwa kaka Daniele ikumvwa mungelo kamwaambila makani aakulwana ikuli akati kabami bobile baboola! Ezi zintu zyacitika zilatujatikizya andiswe nkaambo oku kulwanina bulelo ikuli akati kabami bobile kulazumanana mane kusikila kuciindi cesu. Ikubona mbuli mbubwazuzikizigwa businsimi bwaambidwe mucibeela cakusaanguna cabusinsimi obu kuyumya lusyomo lwesu kuti acalo cibeela camamanino ciyoozuzikizigwa. Ikuti naa twabikkila maanu kubusinsimi obu cilatugwasya kubona mpotuteene mubweende bwazintu. Alimwi cilatupa kuti tuyume mumakanze eesu aakutatola lubazu pe mumazwanga notucilindila kuti Leza atole ntaamu. (Intembauzyo 146:3, 5) Aboobo, cabusungu atuswiilile mungelo wa Jehova mbwayaabwaambaula kuli Daniele.
IKULWANA BWAMI BWABA GILIKI
3. Ino nguni ngwaakali kugwasilizya mungelo “mumwaka mutaanzi wabwami bwa-Dariyo mu-Medi”?
3 Mungelo wakati: “Lino mebo, mumwaka mutaanzi wabwami bwa-Dariyo mu-Medi [539/538 B.C.E.], ndakaima kukumuyumya akumugwasya.” (Daniele 11:1) Dariyo wakalifwide kale pele mungelo wakaamba bulelo bwakwe kuti ngamatalikilo aamulumbe wabusinsimi. Oyu mwami nguwakalailila kuti Daniele agwisigwe mumulindi wabasyuumbwa. Alimwi Dariyo wakabikkide mulawo wakuti bantu bakwe boonse beelede kumuyoowa Leza wa Daniele. (Daniele 6:21-27) Nokuba boobo, imuntu wakali kugwasilizigwaa mungelo tali Dariyo mu Medi pe, pele ngu Mikayeli—imwami wabantu ba Daniele imweenzinyinaa mungelo. (Amweezyanisye Daniele 10:12-14.) Imungelo wa Leza wakapa lugwasyo olu ciindi Mikayeli naakali kulwanaa mwami wamadaimona wa Mediya a Persia.
4, 5. Ino bami bone ba Persia ibakasinsimwa mbaani?
4 Imungelo wa Leza wakazumanana ategwa: “Kunooyoocibuka bami botatwe mu-Persia, lino wane uyooba muvubi loko kwiinda boonse, nkabela nanoozoojisi inguzu nkaambo kabuvubi bwakwe, uyoobusya boonse kukubalwisya cisi ca-Helene.” (Daniele 11:2) Ino aba bami ba Persia bakali bani?
5 Ibami botatwe bakusaanguna bakali ba Koresi Mupati, Cambyses Wabili alimwi a Dariyo Wakusaanguna. Mbwaanga Bardiya (naa sikuliceengeezya wazina lya Gaumata) wakalela buyo kwamyezi iili ciloba, obu businsimi tiibwakacaamba pe ciindi eci cabulelo bwakwe bwaciindi cisyoonto. Mu 490 B.C.E. imwami watatu, Dariyo Wakusaanguna wakasola kusaala cisi caba Giliki kwaciindi cabili. Nokuba boobo, ibana Persia bakazundwa ceetezya ku Marathon elyo bakatijila mu Asia Minor. Nokuba kuti Dariyo wakalibambila kapati ikulwana cisi caba Giliki alimwi, tanaakakonzya kulwana nkondo eyo pe akaambo kakuti wakafwa nokwakainda myaka yone. Oyo mulimo wakasiilwa mwanaakwe simulyazina imwami “wane,” Xerxes Wakusaanguna. Ngo Mwami Ahasuera iwakakwata Esita.—Esita 1:1; 2:15-17.
6, 7. (a) Ino mbuti mwami wane ‘mbwaakabusya boonse kukubalwisya cisi ca-Helene’? (b) Ncinzi cakacitika Xerxes naakalwana cisi caba Giliki?
6 Ee, Xerxes Wakusaanguna ‘wakabusya boonse kukubalwisya cisi ca-Helene’ nkokwaamba kuti masi aaba Giliki oonse mbwaazulwa. Ibbuku litegwa The Medes and Persians—Conquerors and Diplomats lyaamba kuti: “Naakakulwaizigwaa basilutwe bakwe basimakanze, Xerxes wakatalisya nkondo yaanyika amulwizi.” Sikwiiya zyakaindi muna Giliki, Herodotus wamumwaanda wamyaka wasanu B.C.E. wakalemba kuti, “kunyina lumbi lweendo lwakacitwa ilwiinda lwakunkondo ndwaakabamba Xerxes.” Imakani akwe aazyaciindi atondezya kuti basilumamba bamulwizi “bakali baalumi ibali 517,610 antoomwe. Imweelwe wabasikalumamba bakali kweenda amaulu wakali 1,700,000; iwabaabo bakali amabbiza wakali 80,000; kwalo nkotunga twasanganya Basimalungu ibakakkwelede agamela alimwi abana Libya ibakali kulwana kabali munkalaki balo bayeeyelwa kuti bakali 20,000. Aboobo mweelwe oonse wabaalumi baanyika abamulwizi usika ku 2,317,610 antoomwe.”
7 Mbwaanga Xerxes Wakusaanguna wakakanzide kuzunda cakumaninina, wakatuma nkamu yakwe iitalikomeneni yabasilumamba kucisi caba Giliki mu 480 B.C.E. Nobakacili kumuka-muka caali bama Giliki ku Thermopylae, ibana Persia balo bakasaala Atene. Nokuba boobo, ku Salamisi bakazundwa ceetezya. Bama Giliki bakazunda alimwi ku Plataea mu 479 B.C.E. Kunyina naba omwe akati kabami bali ciloba ibakalyazina lya Xerxes acuuno cabwami mu Bwami bwa Persia iwakakonzya kusaala cisi caba Giliki mumyaka yakatobela iili 143. Pele kwakabuka mwami singuzu mucisi caba Giliki.
IBWAMI BUPATI BWAANDANIZIGWA MUZIBEELA ZYONE
8. ‘Mwami nzi singuzu’ wakabuka, alimwi mbuti mbwaakeendelezya “bwami bupati”?
8 Imungelo wakaamba kuti: “Kuyoobuka mwami singuzu, uyooendelezya cabwami bupati akucita kufumbwa ncayanda.” (Daniele 11:3) Alesandro wamyaka yakuzyalwa iili 20 ‘wakabuka’ kali mwami wa Makedoniya mu 336 B.C.E. Alesandro Mupati—wakazyooba ncobeni “mwami singuzu.” Akaambo kakuti wakali kweendelezyegwaa makanze aausyi, Filipo Wabili, wakazunda zyooko zya Persia zyakali mu Middle East. Naakakosola mulonga wa Firate alimwi awa Tigrisi, ibaalumi bakwe ibali 47,000 bakamwaya basikalumamba ba Dariyo Watatu ibali 250,000 ku Gaugamela. Kuzwawaawo Dariyo wakatija mpoonya wakajayigwa elyo nguwakali wamamanino mubami ba Persia. Lino cisi caba Giliki ncecakaba cisi ceendelezya, aboobo Alesandro ‘wakeendelezya bwami bupati alimwi wakacita kufwumbwa mbwayanda.’
9, 10. Ino businsimi bwakuti bwami bwa Alesandro tabukapegwi kulunyungu lwakwe bwakaba buti bwamasimpe?
9 Ibulelo bwa Alesandro bwakweendelezya nyika bwakeelede kuba bwaciindi cisyoonto buyo nkaambo mungelo wa Leza wakayungizya kuti: “Amane kubuka, bwami bwakwe buyoomwaika akupalangana kumyuuwo yoonse yone yakujulu. Teensi lunyungu lwakwe luyooendelezya pe, talukooyoba abwami mbuli bwakwe pe, nkaambo bwami bwakwe uyoobunyanzigwa, buyoopegwa bambi batali bana bakwe.” (Daniele 11:4) Alesandro tanaakaningasika myaka iili 33 yakuzyalwa naakanjililwa bulwazi akufwa ku Babuloni mu 323 B.C.E.
10 Ibwami bupati ibwa Alesandro tiibwakapegwa “bana bakwe” pe. Imwanaakwabo Filipo Watatu Arrhidaeus wakalela buyo kwamyaka iitasiki ku 7 mpoonya Olympias, banyina Alesandro bakalailila kuti ajaigwe mu 317 B.C.E. Imwanaa Alesandro, Alesandro Wane wakalela mane kusika mu 311 B.C.E. lyalo naakajaigwaa aumwi wabapati babasikalumba babausyi wazina lya Cassander. Imwanaa Alesandro wamusokwe wazina lya Heracles wakali kuyanda kulela muzina lyausyi pele wakajayigwa mu 309 B.C.E. Aboobo mbuwakamana obo mulongo wa Alesandro, “bwami bwakwe” bwakazwa kumukwasyi wakwe.
11. Ino bwami bwa Alesandro bwakaandaanizigwa buti “kumyuuwo yoonse yone yakujulu”?
11 Naakafwa Alesandro, bwami bwakwe ‘bwakapalangana kumyuuwo yoonse yone yakujulu.’ Ibunji bwabapati babasikalumamba bakwe bakazwangana nobakali kulwanina zyooko. Imupati wabasikalumamba waliso lyomwe, Antigonus Wakusaanguna wakasola kweendelezya bwami bwa Alesandro boonse. Pele wakajayigwa kunkondo yakali ku Ipsus mu Phrygia. Ikuzyoosika mu 301 B.C.E., ibapati babasikalumamba ba Alesandro bone bakatalika kweendelezya bwami bupati ibwakazunda Musololi wabo. Cassander wakali kweendelezya Makedoniya alimwi acisi caba Giliki. Lysimachus wakali kweendelezya zisi zya Asia Minor alimwi a Thrace. Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator wakalibwezela zisi zya Mesopotamiya alimwi a Aramu. Elyo Ptolemy Lagus wakabweza Egepita a Palestine. Ikweelana ajwi lyabusinsimi, ibwami bwa Alesandro ibupati bwakaandaanizigwa mumami one aabu Helene.
BABUKA BAMI BASIKUZWANGANA BOBILE
12, 13. (a) Ino mami one aabu Helene akazyooba buti obile? (b) Mulongo nzi wabami ngwaakazyootalisya Seleucus mu Aramu?
12 Nokwakainda myaka misyoonto buyo kuzwa naakatalika kulela, Cassander wakafwa, aboobo mu 285 B.C.E. Lysimachus wakatalika kweendelezya cibeela ca Europe ca Bwami bwaba Giliki. Mu 281 B.C.E., Lysimachus wakajayigwa munkondo njaakalwanaa Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator calo cakapa kuti Seleucus atalike kweendelezya cibeela cipati camasi aamu Asia. Antigonus Wabili Gonatas imuzyukulu waumwi mupati wabasikalumamba ba Alesandro wakakkala acuuno cabwami mu Makedoniya mu 276 B.C.E. Eci cakapa kuti mami aaba Helene acaale buyo otatwe. Mukuya kwaciindi, icisi ca Makedoniya cakaliyaamika kucisi ca Roma aboobo cakazyooba cooko caba Roma mu 146 B.C.E.
13 Lino kwakacaala buyo mami obile akati kamami one aabu Helene—bumwi kabweendelezyegwaa Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator elyo bumwi a Ptolemy Lagus. Seleucus wakatalisya mulongo wabami bana Seleucus mu Aramu. Akati kaminzi njaakatalisya kwakali wa Antiokeya—imunzi mupati mupya iwa Aramu—alimwi nguwakali munzi wamato mu Seleucia. Imwaapostolo Paulo wakazyooyiisya mu Antiokeya kwalo basikutobela Jesu nkobakatalikila kwiitwa kuti Mbanakristo. (Incito 11:25, 26; 13:1-4) Mu 281 B.C.E., Seleucus wakajayigwa pele mulongo wabami bakwe wakalela kusikila mu 64 B.C.E. ciindi Mupati Wabasikalumamba muna Roma wazina lya Gnaeus Pompey naakabamba Aramu kuti cibe cooko ca Roma.
14. Ino mulongo wabami bana Ptolemy wakatalikwa lili mu Egepita?
14 Ibwami bwaba Helene ibwakakkala kwiinda woonse one mbwaa Ptolemy Lagus naa Ptolemy Wakusaanguna walo wakatalika kwiitwa kuti mwami mu 305 B.C.E. Imulongo wabami ba Ptolemy ngwaakatalisya wakazumanana kweendelezya cisi ca Egepita kusika ciindi nocakazundwa abana Roma mu 30 B.C.E.
15. Mbami nzi bobile basinguzu ibakazyoobuka akati kamami one aaba Helene, alimwi ninkondo nzi njobakatalisya?
15 Aboobo ikuzwa kumami one aabu Helene, kwakabuka bami bobile basinguzu—Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator wakali kweendelezya Aramu alimwi a Ptolemy Wakusaanguna iwakali kweendelezya Egepita. Ikulwana ikuli akati ‘kamwami wakumusanza’ ‘amwami wakunyika,’ ikwazumanana kwaciindi cilamfwu kwakatalikwaa bami aba bobile kwalo kupanduludwe kuli Daniele caandaano 11. Imungelo wa Jehova tanaakaamba pe mazina aabami nkaambo bakali kunooindana-indana alimwi amasi nkobazwa bami aba bobile akali kulangilwa kucinca mumyaanda yamyaka. Imungelo wakaamba buyo bami alimwi azintu izijatikizya mazwanga akusiya twaambo itutayandika kapati.
ATALIKA MAZWANGA
16. (a) Ino bami bobile aba bakali kulubazu lwakunyika alimwi akumusanza kwabani? (b) Mbami nzi bakasaanguna kuba “mwami wakunyika” alimwi a “mwami wakumusanza”?
16 Amuswiilile! Kapandulula matalikilo aamazwanga aya, imungelo wa Jehova ulaamba: “Mwami wakumusanza uyoojata inguzu, pele umwi wabasilutwe bakwe [Alesandro] uyooba anguzu kwiinda nguwe [mwami wakunyika], nkabela bwami bwakwe buyooba bwami bupati.” (Daniele 11:5) Imazina aakuti “mwami wakunyika” alimwi a “mwami wakumusanza” aamba bami bakali kulubazu lwakunyika alimwi alwakumusanzaa bantu ba Daniele balo ibakaanguludwe kuciindi eco kuzwa kubuzike mu Babuloni akupilusigwa kunyika ya Juda. ‘Imwami wakumusanza’ wakusaanguna wakali Ptolemy Wakusaanguna wa Egepita. Umwi wabapati babasikalumamba ba Alesandro iwakasumpuka kwiinda Ptolemy Wakusaanguna akweendelezya “bwami bupati” wakali Mwami wa Aramu Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator. Nguwakaba “mwami wakunyika.”
17. Ino nyika ya Juda yakali kweendelezyegwa abani ciindi nokwakatalika kuzwangana akati kamwami wakunyika amwami wakumusanza?
17 Kumatalikilo aamazwanga aya, inyika ya Juda yakali kweendelezyegwaa mwami wakumusanza. Ikuzwa mumwaka wa 320 B.C.E. Ptolemy Wakusaanguna wakakulwaizya bama Juda kuti baboole ku Egepita akuba beendelezi. Ibweendelezi bwaba Juda bwakasumpuka mu Alesandreya kwalo Ptolemy Wakusaanguna nkwaakatalisya Laibbulali yakadumide kapati. Bama Juda bakali kukkala ku Juda bakazumanana kweendelezyegwa acisi ca Egepita cabana Ptolemy mwami wakumusanza kusikila mu 198 B.C.E.
18, 19. Mukuya kwaciindi, mbuti mbubakatanga ‘cizuminano calumvwano’ aba bami bobile basikuzwangana?
18 Ikujatikizya bami aba bobile, imungelo wakasinsima kuti: “Yamana myaka imwi, bayootangana cizuminano, nkabela mwana musimbi wamwami wakumusanza uyookwatwa kumwami wakunyika kukuyumya cizuminano, nekubaboobo takooyoocijatilila anguzu zyakuboko kwakwe; oyo mwami takooyooima nji neziba inguzu zyakwe, amwanakazi ulaabwa, walo abalanda bakwe amwana ngwazyede asikumukwata.” (Daniele 11:6) Ino eci cakacitika buti?
19 Obu businsimi tiibwakamwaamba Antiochus Wakusaanguna, imwana simulyazina wa Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator nkaambo kwiina naakalwana nkondo mpati amwami wakumusanza. Pele Antiochus Wabili, iwakalyazina lyakwe wakalwana nkondo kwaciindi cilamfwu a Ptolemy Wabili imwanaa Ptolemy Wakusaanguna. Antiochus Wabili alimwi a Ptolemy Wabili mbebakaba mwami wakunyika alimwi amwami wakumusanza. Imukaintu wa Antiochus Wabili wakali Laodice elyo bakazyala mwana musankwa wazina lya Seleucus Wabili, kakuli Ptolemy Wabili wakajisi mwana musimbi wazina lya Berenice. Aba bami bobile bakatangana ‘cizuminano calumvwano’ mumwaka wa 250 B.C.E. Ikutegwa ayumye cizuminano eci, Antiochus Wabili wakamuleka mukaintu wakwe Laodice akukwata Berenice “mwana musimbi wamwami wakumusanza.” Wakazyala mwana musankwa kuli Berenice walo wakazyooba simulyazina acuuno cabwami bwa Aramu muciindi cabana ba Laodice.
20. (a) Muunzila nzi “kuboko” kwa Berenice ‘mokwatakajatilila’? (b) Ino bakaabwa buti ba Berenice, “balanda bakwe” alimwi ayooyo wakamupede “anguzu”? (c) Nguni wakaba mwami wa Aramu naakasowa “kuboko” naa nguzu zyakwe Antiochus Wabili?
20 ‘Ikuboko’ kwa Berenice naa nguzu zyakugwasilizya, zyakali kuzwa kuli usyi, Ptolemy Wabili. Naakafwa usyi mu 246 B.C.E., Berenice ‘taakajatilila anguzu zyakuboko kwakwe’ kumulumi wakwe. Antiochus Wabili wakamuleka, wakajokelela Laodice mpoonya mwana musankwa ngwaakazyala kumukaintu oyu wakamucita kuti abe simulyazina. Mbubwenya mbwaakakanzide Laodice, Berenice amwanaakwe bakajayigwa. Kulibonya kuti “abalanda bakwe” ibakamuleta ku Aramu Berenice ikuzwa ku Egepita bakajayigwa. Mane Laodice wakamubikkila musamu wakumujaya Antiochus Wabili aboobo “kuboko” kwakwe naa nguzu azyalo ‘tiizyakaima nji.’ Aboobo usyi Berenice—‘iwakamuzyala’—alimwi amulumi wakwe muna Asuri—wakamupede “nguzu” kwaciindi cisyoonto—bakafwa boonse. Eci cakapa kuti Seleucus Wabili, imwanaa Laodice abe mwami wa Aramu. Ino mwami wakatobela mumulongo wabami bana Ptolemy wakalimvwa buti kujatikizya zyeezi zyoonse?
IMWAMI WAPILUSYA CIBI AKAAMBO KAKUJAYIGWA KWAMUCIZI WAKWE
21. (a) Nguni wakali ‘mutabi uusyuuka’ ‘wacisiko’ ca Berenice, alimwi ‘wakatola buti cibaka cakwe’? (b) Ino Ptolemy Watatu ‘wakanjila buti mucilwido camwami wakunyika’ akumuzunda?
21 Imungelo wakaamba kuti: “Kuciindi eco mulasyuuka mutabi mucisiko cakwe, ulatola cibaka cakwe. Oyo uyoosika kukulwisya impi, uyoonjila mucilwido camwami wakunyika, nkabela mukucita kwakwe uyoobazunda.” (Daniele 11:7) ‘Oyo mutabi uusyuuka’ wabazyali ba Berenice naa “cisiko,” wakali mwanaakwabo musankwa. Naakafwa usyi ‘wakatola cibaka cakwe’ akuba mwami wakumusanza, Farao wa Egepita, Ptolemy Watatu. Ndilyonya wakanyamuka kuyoopilusya cibi akaambo kakujayigwa kwamucizi wakwe. Naakali kweenda kuyakulwisya Seleucus Wabili Mwami wa Aramu walo Laodice ngwaakabelesya ikujaya Berenice amwanaakwe, wakanjila “mucilwido camwami wakunyika.” Ptolemy Watatu wakasaala cibeela cakakwabilidwe ca Antiokeya akujaya Laodice. Naakagama kulubazu lwakujwe kwiinda mucibeela camwami wakunyika, wakazunda Babuloni akuzumanana kuya ku India.
22. Ncinzi ncaakaletelezya Ptolemy Watatu ku Egepita, alimwi nkaambo nzi ‘kwamyaka imwi ncaakalekela kulwisya mwami wakunyika’?
22 Ncinzi cakatobela? Imungelo wa Leza utwaambila kuti: “Lino baleza babo azikozyanyo zyabo zifulidwe azibelesyo zyabo ziyandika zyansiliva azyangolida, zyoonse buyo ulazitolelela mubuzike ku-Egepita, elyo myaka imwi uyooleka kulwisya mwami wakunyika.” (Daniele 11:8) Imyaka iinda ku 200 musyule, Imwami wa Persia, Cambyses Wabili wakazunda Egepita akubweza baleza ba Egepita kutola kumunzi, “[i]zikozyanyo zyabo zifulidwe.” Naakasaala munzi wa Susa, iwakali ngomunzi mupati wamwami mu Persia, Ptolemy Watatu wakabajana baleza aba akubatolelela ‘mubuzike’ ku Egepita. Alimwi wakaletelezya zintu zinji nzyaakabweza lyankondo, “zibelesyo zyabo ziyandika zyansiliva azyangolida.” Mbwaanga wakeelede kupiluka kumunzi wa Egepita kuyoolesya buzangi bwakali mumo, Ptolemy Watatu ‘wakaleka kulwisya mwami wakunyika’ elyo kwiina bunyonyoosi bumbi mbwaakamucitila.
IMWAMI WA ARAMU WAJOKEZYA CIBI
23. Ino nkaambo nzi mwami wakunyika ‘ncaakapilukila kulimbabo’ naakamana kunjila mucisi camwami wakumusanza?
23 Ino mwami wakunyika wakalimvwa buti? Daniele wakaambilwa kuti: “Uyoonjila mucisi camwami wakunyika, pele kuzwa oko uyoopiluka kulimbabo.” (Daniele 11:9) Imwami wakunyika—Mwami Seleucus Wabili iwa Aramu—wakapilusya. Wakanjila “mucisi” naa bwami bwamwami wakumusanza muna Egepita pele wakazundwa. Kasyeede buyo abasikalumamba basyoonto, Seleucus Wabili, ‘wakapilukila kulimbabo’ wakaunka kumunzi mupati wa Antiokeya mu Aramu mumwaka wa 242 B.C.E. Naakafwa, imwanaakwe Seleucus Watatu nguwakalya zina.
24. (a) Ncinzi cakacitika kuli Seleucus Watatu? (b) Ino Mwami Antiochus Watatu muna Aramu wakaboola buti “mbuli izambangulwe liinda koonse koonse” mubwami bwamwami wakumusanza?
24 Ino ncinzi cakasinsimwa kujatikizya bana ba Seleucus Wabili, Imwami wa Aramu? Imungelo wakaambila Daniele kuti: “Lino bana bakwe bayoobusya inkondo, bayoobunganya basinkondo banji loko, bayooboola mbuli izambangulwe liinda koonse koonse, akubusya inkondo akusikila kucilwido.” (Daniele 11:10) Ibulelo bwa Seleucus Watatu bwakamana naakajayigwa kaitana mana amyaka yotatwe. Imwanaakwabo Antiochus Watatu ngowakamulida zina acuuno cabwami mu Aramu. Oyu mwanaa Seleucus Wabili wakabungika basikalumamba basinguzu kutegwa bakalwane mwami wakumusanza Ptolemy Wane iwakaliko kuciindi eco. Imwami wakunyika mupya muna Aramu wakalwana Egepita akuzwidilila aboobo munzi wamato wa Seleucia, icooko ca Coele-Syria, iminzi ya Turo alimwi a Ptolemaïs antoomwe aminzi iimbi iili munsi-munsi yakaba yakwe alimwi. Wakasololela basikalumamba ba Mwami Ptolemy Wane elyo wakasaala minzi minji ya Juda. Imupeyo (kumasena aakunyika) mu 217 B.C.E. Antiochus Watatu wakazwa mu Ptolemaïs akuunka kunyika “kusikila kucilwido” cakwe mu Aramu. Pele zintu zyakali kulangilwa kucinca.
IZINTU ZYASANDUKA
25. Ino Ptolemy Wane wakamulwanina kuli Antiochus Watatu, alimwi ncinzi ‘cakaabwa mumaanza’ amwami wakumusanza muna Egepita?
25 Mbubwenya mbuli Daniele, aswebo tulaswiilila mungelo wa Jehova mbwayaabusinsima citobela: “Mwami wakumusanza uyoobijilwa loko, uyooboola kukulwisya mwami wakunyika, nkabela uyoobunganya makamu mapati aabantu, pele boonse bayooabwa mumaanza aakwe.” (Daniele 11:11) Imwami wakumusanza, Ptolemy Wane kajisi makamu aabasikalumamba ibali 75,000 wakeenda kugama kunyika kuyakulwana sinkondonyina. Imwami wakunyika muna Aramu, Antiochus Watatu wakabunganya “makamu mapati” aali 68,000 kuti bamulwane. Pele “makamu” ayo ‘akaabwa mumaanza’ amwami wakumusanza munkondo yakacitikila kumunzi uuli kujeleele lyalwizi wa Rafia afwaafwi amunyinza wa Egepita.
26. (a) “Makamu” nzi aakabwezegwaa mwami wakumusanza kunkondo yaku Rafia, alimwi ncizuminano nzi caluumuno cakabambwa okuya? (b) Ino muunzila nzi Ptolemy Wane ‘mwaatakabelesya kuzunda kwakwe’? (c) Nguni wakatobela kuba mwami wakumusanza?
26 Ibusinsimi bulazumanana ategwa: “Lino makamu ayo azundwe buyo, moyo wakwe uyoolisumpula, nkabela uyoojaya makumi aazyuulu zyabantu, nekubaboobo takooyoozundilila.” (Daniele 11:12) Imwami wakumusanza, Ptolemy Wane wakajaya basikalumamba bana Aramu beenda amaulu ibali 10,000 alimwi ababelesya mabbiza ibali 300 elyo ibali 4,000 wakababweza akubabikka muntolongo. Mpoonya aba bami bakabamba cizuminano cakuti Antiochus Watatu acaalilwe munzi wamato iwa Seleucia uuli mu Aramu pele anyangwe munzi wa Foinike alimwi a Coele-Syria. Akaambo kakuzunda oku, imoyo wamwami wakumusanza muna Egepita ‘wakalisumpula’ kapati kuli Jehova. Juda wakazumanana kweendelezyegwaa Ptolemy Wane. Nokuba boobo, kwiina naakabelesya ‘kuzunda’ kwakwe kuti azumanane kulwana mwami wakumusanza muna Aramu. Pele Ptolemy Wane wakatalika kupona buumi busofweede, aboobo imwanaakwe musankwa wamyaka yakuzyalwa iili 5, Ptolemy Wasanu nguwakatobela kuba mwami wa Egepita kakucisyeede myaka iili mbwiibede kuti afwe Antiochus Watatu.
SIMILIMO WAPILUKA
27. Ino mwami wakunyika wakapilukila buti ‘noyakamana myaka imwi’ ikuya kubweza masi mu Egepita ngaakanyanzidwe?
27 Akaambo kamilimo yoonse njaakacita, Antiochus Watatu wakatalika kwiitwa kuti ngu Antiochus Mupati. Ikujatikizya nguwe imungelo wakati: “Nkaambo mwami wakunyika uyooyobolola makamu mapati kwiinda mataanzi, elyo yamana myaka imwi uyooboola ampi impati ambono zinji.” (Daniele 11:13) Eyi “myaka imwi,” yakali 16 naa kwiindaawo kuzwa ciindi bana Egepita nobakazunda bana Aramu ku Rafia. Imukubusi Ptolemy Wasanu naakaba mwami wakumusanza, Antiochus Watatu wakaunka a “makamu mapati kwiinda mataanzi” kuti akanyanzye masi ngaakanyangidwe amwami wakumusanza muna Egepita. Akaambo kaboobo, wakabamba cilongwe a Mwami waku Makedoniya, Filipo Wasanu.
28. Mapenzi nzi ngaakajisi mwami mukubusi wakumusanza?
28 Awalo mwami wakumusanza wakajisi mapenzi mubwami bwakwe mumona. Imungelo wakati: “Mumazuba ayo bantu banji bayoobusizya mwami wakumusanza inkondo.” (Daniele 11:14a) Ibanji ‘bakabusizya mwami wakumusanza inkondo.’ Kunze lyakulwana basikalumamba ba Antiochus Watatu alimwi abalongwe bakwe bana Makedoniya, oyu mwami mukubusi iwakumusanza wakajisi mapenzi kumunzi mu Egepita. Mbwaanga Agathocles, simalelo akwe iwakali kulela muzina lyakwe wakeendelezya bana Egepita cakulisumpula, ibanji bakazanga. Imungelo wakayungizya kuti: “Abalo basiŋunzuunzu babantu bako bayoopapila kuti bazuzikizye cilengano, pele bayookacilwa.” (Daniele 11:14b) Bamwi akati kabantu ba Daniele bakaba “basiŋunzuunzu” naa bazangi. Pele “cilengano” cili coonse ncobakali kulangila baalumi bama Juda cakuti balesye bweendelezi bwa Bamasi munyika yabo cakali cabuyo aboobo bakali kulangilwa kutazwidilila naa ‘kwaalilwa.’
29, 30. (a) Ino “basilumamba bakumusanza” bakazundwa buti kuli baabo bakazwa kunyika? (b) Ino mwami wakunyika ‘wakazikukkalila buti mucisi cibotu’?
29 Kunze lyaboobo imungelo wa Jehova wakasinsima kuti: “Mwami wakunyika uyooboola, uyoolundika citantaala akuzunda munzi uuyakilidwe lubaya. Nkabela basilumamba bakumusanza tabakooyooliiminina, nebaba basalidwe bakwe; tabakooyooba anguzu zyakuliiminina. Pele oyo uumulwisya uyoocita kufumbwa ncayanda, takukooyooba naba omwe uuliiminina kubusyu bwakwe. Uyootola cisi cibotu; coonse buyo ciyooba mumaanza aakwe.”—Daniele 11:15, 16.
30 Basikalumamba bakali kweendelezyegwaa Ptolemy Wasanu naa “basilumamba bakumusanza” bakazundwa kuli baabo bakazwa kunyika. Ku Paneas (Kaisareya wa-Filipi) Antiochus Watatu wakabinga Mupati wabasikalumamba wa Egepita, Scopas antoomwe abaalumi ibali 10,000 naa “basalidwe” akubatola ku Sidoni, “munzi uuyakilidwe lubaya.” Nobakasika kuya, Antiochus Watatu ‘wakalundika citantaala’ akubweza munzi oyo wamato waku Foinike mu 198 B.C.E. Wakacita “kufwumbwa ncayanda” nkaambo basikalumamba bamwami wakumusanza muna Egepita bakaalilwa kumulwana. Mpoonya Antiochus Watatu wakalwana Jerusalemu, imunzi mupati ‘wacisi cibotu’ iwa Juda. Imunzi wa Jerusalemu awa Juda yakaleka kweendelezyegwaa mwami wakumusanza muna Egepita akutalika kweendelezyegwaa mwami wakunyika muna Aramu mu 198 B.C.E. Elyo imwami wakunyika, Antiochus Watatu wakatalika ‘kukkalila mucisi cibotu.’ “Mumaanza aakwe” bakanyonyoonwa bama Juda alimwi abana Egepita basikukazya. Ino nciindi cilamfwu buti ncaakeelede kutola mwami wakunyika ikuti kacita mbuli mbwaakali kuyanda?
IBANA ROMA BAMWIIMIKA SIMILIMO
31, 32. Ino mbuti mwami wakunyika mbwaakaakwiide kutanga “cizuminano caluumuno” amwami wakumusanza?
31 Imungelo wa Jehova ulatupa bwiinguzi obu bwakuti: “Uyoolanzya busyu bwakwe [mwami wakunyika] kuti aboole anguzu zyoonse zyabwami bwakwe, atange cizuminano caluumuno akucizuzikizya. Nkabela uyoomupa namalelo, kuti anyonyoone cisi, pele makani taakooyooba obo, tacikooyooba cakwe pe.”—Daniele 11:17.
32 Imwami wakunyika Antiochus Watatu ‘wakalanzya busyu bwakwe’ kuti ayendelezye Egepita “anguzu zyoonse zyabwami bwakwe.” Pele wakaide kutanga “cizuminano caluumuno” a mwami wakumusanza, Ptolemy Wasanu. Izintu nzyobakali kuyanda bana Roma kuli Antiochus Watatu zyakapa kuti acince makanze akwe. Iciindi walo a Mwami waku Makedoniya Filipo Wasanu nobakamvwana kuti balwane mwami mukubusi muna Egepita akusaala zyooko zyakwe, basimalelo ba Ptolemy Wasanu bakalomba lugwasyo kuzwa kubana Roma. Mbwaanga bana Roma bakali kuyanda kubelesya coolwe eci kuti bakomezye bweendelezi bwabo, bakayumayuma kugwasya.
33. (a) Nzintu nzi nzyobakamvwanide ba Antiochus Watatu a Ptolemy Wasanu mucizuminano cabo? (b) Ino cikwati ca Cleopatra Wakusaanguna alimwi a Ptolemy Wasanu cakacitilwa nzi, alimwi nkaambo nzi ncaatakabelekela makanze ayo?
33 Antiochus Watatu wakatanga cizuminano caluumuno amwami wakumusanza ikwiinda mukusinikizigwaa Roma. Muciindi cakwaabweedezya buyo masi ayo aakazundwa kweelana ambubakalailide bana Roma, Antiochus Watatu wakakanza kuti alonzye buyo zina lyangayo kwiinda mukukwasya mwaanakwe Cleopatra Wakusaanguna—“namalelo”—kuli Ptolemy Wasanu. Izyooko zyakali kubikkilizya Juda, “cisi cibotu” nzizyakeelede kulungwa kuti zibe ndolubono lwaciko cakwe. Nokuba boobo, nobakakwatana mu 193 B.C.E., imwami wa Aramu tanaakazumizya kuti zipegwe Ptolemy Wasanu zyooko ezi. Olu lukwato lwakacitwa ikutegwa cisi ca Egepita cizumanane kulibombya kucisi ca Aramu. Pele aya makanze tanaakabeleka pe nkaambo Cleopatra Wakusaanguna ‘taakaba wakwe pe,’ wakazyoolemenena kulubazu lwamulumi wakwe. Noyakatalika nkondo akati ka Antiochus Watatu abana Roma, icisi ca Egepita cakaba kulubazu lwaba Roma.
34, 35. (a) Ino ‘nzisi nzi zyakunkomwe’ nkwaakalanzya busyu bwakwe imwami wakunyika? (b) Ino cisi ca Roma cakakulesya buti “kusampaula” kwamwami wakunyika? (c) Ino Antiochus Watatu wakafwa buti, alimwi nguni wakazyooba mwami wakunyika?
34 Kaamba kuzundwa kwamwami wakunyika, imungelo wakayungizya kuti: “Musule lyayaaya [Antiochus Watatu] uyoolanzya busyu bwakwe kuzisi zyakunkomwe yalwizi, azinji uyoozizunda. Pele silutwe [Roma] uyoolesya kusampaula kwakwe, uyookupilusya [kusampaula kwa Antiochus Watatu] amutwe wakwe mwini. Mpawo [Antiochus Watatu] uyoolanzya busyu bwakwe kupiluka kuzilwanino zyacisi cakwabo, nkabela uyoolebwa, uyoowa, takooyoojanwa limbi.”—Daniele 11:18, 19.
35 “[I]zisi zyakunkomwe yalwizi” zyakali zyeezyo zya Makedoniya, icisi caba Giliki alimwi a Asia Minor. Kwakabuka nkondo mucisi caba Giliki mu 192 B.C.E. elyo Antiochus Watatu wakasinikizigwa kuboola kucisi caba Giliki. Akaambo kakutakkomana akusoleka nkwaakasoleka mwami wa Aramu kusaala masi ambi, icisi ca Roma cakatalisya nkondo anguwe. Wakazundwa abana Roma ku Thermopylae. Nokwakainda ciindi citandila kumwaka kuzwa naakazundwa munkondo yaku Magnesia mu 190 B.C.E., wakazyaaba zyoonse zyakali mucisi caba Giliki, mu Asia Minor alimwi amumasena aakumbo aa Malundu aa Taurus. Ibana Roma bakamulungisya mali manji elyo bakakkazikizya bweendelezi bwabo kumwami wakunyika muna Aramu. Antiochus Watatu ‘wakalanzya busyu bwakwe kupiluka kuzilwanino zyacisi cakwabo’ ica Aramu naakatandwa mucisi caba Giliki alimwi amu Asia Minor akusowekelwa mato akwe oonse. Ibana Roma ‘bakapilusya kusampaula kwakwe amutwe wakwe mwini.’ Antiochus Watatu wakafwa mu 187 B.C.E. naakali kusoleka kubba mutempele ku Elymaïs, mu Persia. Aboobo ‘wakawa’ mulufwu elyo wakalyazina lyakwe mwanaakwe Seleucus Wane, imwami wakunyika wakatobela.
IMAZWANGA AZUMANANA
36. (a) Ino mwami wakumusanza wakasoleka buti kuzumanana munkondo, pele ncinzi cakacitika kulinguwe? (b) Ino Seleucus Wane wakawa buti, alimwi nguni wakamulida zina?
36 Imwami wakumusanza, Ptolemy Wasanu wakasoleka kubweza zyooko zyalo nzyakeelede kupegwa naakakwata Cleopatra kuti nceciko cakwe pele wakabikkilwa musamu wakumujaya. Ptolemy Wacisambomwi nguwakalyazina. Ino mbuti kumakani aa Seleucus Wane? Akaambo kamali manji ngaakali kuyandika kubbadela kubana Roma, wakatuma sikubamba ciyobwedo camali Heliodorus kuti akabbe lubono lwakayobwedwe mutempele lyaku Jerusalemu. Mbwaanga Heliodorus wakali kucilombozya cuuno cabwami, wakajaya Seleucus Wane. Nokuba boobo, Imwami Eumenes waku Pergamum antoomwe amunyina Imwami Attalus bakabikka mwanaakwabo amwami oyo wakajayigwa Antiochus Wane acuuno cabwami.
37. (a) Ino Antiochus Wane wakasola buti kulitondezya kuti ulaanguzu kwiinda Jehova Leza? (b) Ino kusampaulwa kwatempele lyamu Jerusalemu nkwaakacita Antiochus Wane kwakaletelezya nzi?
37 Imwami wakunyika mupya, Antiochus Wane wakali kuyanda kulitondezya kuti ngusinguzu kwiinda Leza naakasola kuzwisya bubambe bwa Jehova bwabukombi. Mukunyansya Jehova, wakaaba tempele lyamu Jerusalemu kuli Zeus naa Jupiter. Mu December 167 B.C.E. icipaililo cabantu bakunze cakaimikwa atalaa cipaililo cipati icakali mulubuwa lwatempele kwalo izipaizyo zya Jehova nkuzyakali kutuulilwa buzuba abuzuba. Nokwakainda mazuba aali kkumi, icipaizyo cakatuulwa kuli Zeus acipaililo cabantu bakunze. Ikusampaula oku kwakapa kuti bama Juda bazange kwiinda mubweendelezi bwaba Makabesi. Antiochus Wane wakabalwana kwamyaka yotatwe. Mu 164 B.C.E., mubuzuba bwakwiibaluka nokwakatalika kusampaula oku, Judas Maccabaeus wakalyaaba alimwi tempele eli kuli Jehova elyo ipobwe lyakusalazya tempele—ilya Hanukkah—lyakatalisigwa.—Johane 10:22.
38. Ino bulelo bwaba Makabesi bwakamana buti?
38 Iba Makabesi balangilwa kuti bakabamba cizuminano abana Roma mu 161 B.C.E. akukkazikizya bwami mu 104 B.C.E. Pele ikucumbana akati kambabo amwami wakumusanza muna Aramu kwakazumanana. Limwi cisi ca Roma cakaitwa kuti cigwasilizye. Eyi nkondo yakatola myezi yotatwe, Imupati wabasikalumamba muna Roma, Gnaeus Pompey wakazunda Jerusalemu mu 63 B.C.E. Ibeendelezi bana Roma bakasala Heroda—imuna Edomu—kuti abe ngomwami wa Judaya mu 39 B.C.E. Naakabumanizya bulelo bwaba Makabesi, wakazunda Jerusalemu mu 37 B.C.E.
39. Ino mwagwasigwa buti kwiinda mukulanga-langa bbuku lya Daniele 11:1-19?
39 Cilakondelezya kaka ikubona cibeela cakusaanguna cabusinsimi bwabami bobile bazwangana kabuzuzikizigwa kabotu-kabotu! Ee, cilakondelezya ikubona zintu zyacitika mumyaka iitandila ku 500 kuzwa ciindi nowakapegwa mulumbe oyu wabusinsimi kuli Daniele akuziba beendelezi ibali muzyuuno abusena bwamwami wakunyika alimwi amwami wakumusanza! Nokuba boobo ibeendelezi bali mumasena aya aabami bobile balacinca-cinca mbwiiyabuzumanana nkondo iili akati kabo akuciindi Jesu Kristo naakali anyika mane kuzoosikila kuciindi cesu. Ikwiinda mukwezyanisya zintu zyakacitika kaindi azintu ezi zigambya izyaambidwe mubusinsimi obu, tuyookonzya kuziba bami aba bobile bazwangana.
NCINZI NCOMWAIYA?
• Milongo nzi yobile yabami basinguzu iyakabuka kuzwa kumami aaba Helene, alimwi ninkondo nzi njobakatalisya bami aba?
• Ikweelana abwakasinsimwa kuli Daniele 11:6, mbuti mbubakatanga “cizuminano caluumuno” bami bobile aba?
• Ino mazwanga akazumanana buti akati ka
Seleucus Wabili a Ptolemy Watatu (Daniele 11:7-9)?
Antiochus Watatu a Ptolemy Wane (Daniele 11:10-12)?
Antiochus Watatu a Ptolemy Wasanu (Daniele 11:13-16)?
• Ino cikwati ca Cleopatra Wakusaanguna a Ptolemy Wasanu cakacitilwa nzi, alimwi nkaambo nzi ncaatakabelekela makanze ayo (Daniele 11:17-19)?
• Ino kubikkila maanu kubbuku lya Daniele 11:1-19 kwamugwasya buti?
[Mibuzyo yaciiyo]
[Ccaati iili apeeji 228]
IBAMI IBALI KULI DANIELE 11:5-19
Imwami Imwami
Wakunyika Wakumusanza
Daniele 11:5 Seleucus I Nicator Ptolemy I
Daniele 11:6 Antiochus II Ptolemy II
(mukaintu Laodice) (mwanaakwe musimbi Berenice)
Daniele 11:7-9 Seleucus II Ptolemy III
Daniele 11:10-12 Antiochus III Ptolemy IV
Daniele 11:13-19 Antiochus III Ptolemy V
(mwana musimbi Cleopatra I) Simulyazina:
Basimulyazina: Ptolemy VI
Seleucus IV alimwi a
Antiochus IV
[Cifwanikiso]
Idi litondezya Ptolemy II amukaintu wakwe
[Cifwanikiso]
Seleucus I Nicator
[Cifwanikiso]
Antiochus III
[Cifwanikiso]
Ptolemy VI
[Cifwanikiso]
Ptolemy III abasimulyazina mbibakayaka tempele eli lyaku Horus ku Idfu, Upper Egypt
[Maapu/Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 216, 217]
(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)
Imazina aakuti “mwami wakunyika” ‘amwami wakumusanza’ aamba bami bakulubazu lwakunyika alimwi alwakumusanza aanyika yabantu ba Daniele
MAKEDONIYA
CISI CABA GILIKI
ASIA MINOR
ISRAYELI
LIBYA
EGEPITA
ETIOPIYA
ARAMU
Babuloni
ARABIA
[Cifwanikiso]
Ptolemy Wabili
[Cifwanikiso]
Antiochus Mupati
[Cifwanikiso]
Ibbwe lilembedwe milawo yakabikkwa Antiochus Mupati
[Cifwanikiso]
Idi lyangolida ilitondezya Ptolemy Wasanu
[Cifwanikiso]
Mulyango wa Ptolemy Watatu ku Karnak mu Egepita
[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 210]
[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 215]
Seleucus I Nicator
[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 218]
Ptolemy I
