Nguni Uyooendelezya Nyika?
Cibalo 9
Nguni Uyooendelezya Nyika?
1-3. Amupandulule ciloto alimwi azilengaano nzyaakabaanzizyo Daniele mumwaka wakusaanguna wabulelo bwa Belisazara.
IBUSINSIMI bwa Daniele ibweenzya mubili lino bwatupilusya musyule kumwaka wakusaanguna wa Mwami Belisazara wa Babuloni. Daniele wali muzike mu Babuloni kwaciindi cilamfwu pele kunyina naazungaana pe mukusyomeka kwakwe kuli Jehova. Mumyaka yakwe yakuma 70 lino, oyu musinsimi uusyomeka wabona “zilengano mumoyo wakwe naakelede abulo bwakwe.” Zyamuyoosya kaka zilengaano ezyo!—Daniele 7:1, 15.
2 Daniele wakakankamuka ulaamba: “Ndakabona myuuwo yone yakujulu ilakopenganya maanzi aamulwizi lupati. Elyo mulwizi mwakazwa banyama bapati bone. Boonse bone kabali amisyobo misyobo.” Balagambya kaka banyama aba! Iwakusaanguna ngusyuumbwa uulaamababa elyo wabili uli mbuli cibbeya. Mpoonya kwaboola siluwe uujisi mababa one amitwe yone! Icinyama cane cilaanguzu kapati cilijisi menyo mapati aabutale alimwi ameja aali kkumi. Akati kameja aacinyama eci aali kkumi kwazwa “keja” kasyoonto ikajisi “meso mbuli meso aamuntu amulomo uuamba makani aayoosya.”—Daniele 7:2-8.
3 Mpoonya zilengaano zya Daniele zyaba zyakujulu. Sinsiku wakkala acuuno cabwami cabulemu kali Mubetesi mu Nkuta yakujulu. ‘Kuli basimilimo bakwe ibali cuulu cazyuulu abaabo ibaimvwi kubusyu bwakwe bali zyuulu zili ikkumi zyazyuulu zili ikkumi.’ Mbwaanga wababeteka banyama kapati, wabanyanga bwami akunyonyoona cinyama cane. Ibweendelezi butamani “[ku]bantu bazisi zyoonse abamisyobo yoonse abamyaambo yoonse” bwapegwa kuli “umwi uuli mbuli mwana amuntu.”—Daniele 7:9-14.
4. (a) Ino nguni ngwaakabuzya Daniele kuti amupandulwide ncaamba makani? (b) Ino nkaambo nzi ncociyandikila kulindiswe eco ncaakabona Daniele akumvwa masiku ayo?
4 Daniele ulaamba: “Lino mebo . . . moyo wangu wakapenzegwa mukaango kangu, azilengano zyamoyo wangu zyakali kundikataazya.” Aboobo wabuzya mungelo “makani aya oonse ncaamba.” Imungelo wamwaambila ncobeni “makani mbwaamba.” (Daniele 7:15-28) Ncaakabona Daniele masiku ayo alimwi aancaakamvwa cilatujatikizya kapati swebo nkaambo cakali kutondezya zintu zyakali kulangilwa kucitika kumbele kusikila kuciindi cesu lyalo “umwi uuli mbuli mwana amuntu” napegwa bweendelezi ‘kubantu bazisi zyoonse abamisyobo yoonse abamyaambo yoonse.’ Kwiinda mulugwasyo lwa Jwi lya Leza alimwi amuuya wakwe, aswebo tulakonzya kuteelela ncozyaamba zilengaano ezi zyabusinsimi. *
IBANYAMA BONE BAZWA MULWIZI LUPATI
5. Ino ikukopenganizigwa kwamaanzi kwiiminina nzi?
5 Daniele wakaamba kuti: “Mulwizi mwakazwa banyama bapati bone.” (Daniele 7:3) Ncinzi cakali kwiimininwaa lwizi lwakakopenganizigwa? Imyaka iili mbwiibede kumbele, imwaapostolo Johane wakabona cinyama cakajisi mitwe iili musanu aibili kacizwa “mulwizi.” Olo lwizi lwakali kwiiminina “misyobo yabantu, ngemakamu makamu amasi amyaambo”—ibantu banji bazandukide kuli Leza. Aboobo ilwizi ncikozyanyo ceelela ikwaamba bantu ibazandukide kuli Leza.—Ciyubunuzyo 13:1, 2; 17:15; Isaya 57:20.
6. Ino banyama bone baiminina nzi?
6 Imungelo wa Leza wakaamba kuti: “Aba banyama bapati bone mbami bone bati buke ansi.” (Daniele 7:17) Cakutadooneka imungelo wakaamba kuti ibanyama bone mbaakabona Daniele “mbami bone.” Aboobo ibanyama aba baiminina masi aayendelezya nyika. Pele ino masi nzi?
7. (a) Ino basikubandika zya Bbaibbele bamwi baamba nzi kujatikizya cilengaano camuciloto ca Daniele cabanyama bone alimwi aciloto ca Mwami Nebukadinezara cacikozyanyo cipati? (b) Ino ncinzi ncociiminina cibeela comwe-comwe cacikozyanyo calubulo?
7 Kanjikanji basikubandika zya Bbaibbele bajatanya cilengaano camuciloto ca Daniele cabanyama bone aciloto ca Nebukadinezara cacikozyanyo cipati kapati. Mucikozyanyo, ibbuku litegwa The Expositor’s Bible Commentary lyaamba kuti: “Icaandaano ca 7 [cabbuku lya Daniele] cilakozyanya acaandaano 2.” Ilitegwa The Wycliffe Bible Commentary lyaamba kuti: “Cilazuminanwa kuti ikutobelana kwamami one aa Bamasi . . . [ikuli mucaandaano ca 7 cabbuku lya Daniele] kulakozyanya akooko ikwaambwa kuli [Daniele] caandaano ca 2.” Imasi one aayendelezya nyika aakali kwiimininwaa lubulo lwamisyobo yone yamuciloto ca Nebukadinezara ngaaya, Bwami bwa Babuloni (mutwe wangolida), Mediya a Persia (camba alimwi amaboko aansiliva), icisi caba Giliki (cikungu azibelo zyamukuba) alimwi a Bwami bwa Roma (myeendo yabutale). * (Daniele 2:32, 33) Atubone mami aya mbwaayendelana abanyama bone mbaakabona Daniele.
ICIKALI MBULI SYUUMBWA, ICIZUZA MBULI SIKWAZE
8. (a) Wakacipandulula buti cinyama cakusaanguna Daniele? (b) Ino mbwami nzi bwakali kwiimininwaa cinyama cakusaanguna, alimwi cakalilemeka buti mbuli syuumbwa?
8 Balagambya kaka banyama mbaakabona Daniele! Kapandulula cimwi wakati: “Mutaanzi kali mbuli mulavu, alimwi kajisi mababa aasikwaze. Lino nendakacili kweebela, mababa aakwe akamonsoka, alimwi wakasumpulwa kuzwa ansi akwiimikwa azituta zyakwe zyobile mbuli muntu, alimwi wakapegwa moyo wabuntu.” (Daniele 7:4) Eci cinyama cakali kwiiminina bweendelezi mbubwenya bwakali kwiimininwaa mutwe wangolida wacikozyanyo cipati, icisi Ceendelezya Nyika ca Babuloni (607-539 B.C.E.). Mbubwenya mbuli “mulavu” uulya bantu, Babuloni wakaalya masi kubikkilizya abantu ba Leza. (Jeremiya 4:5-7; 50:17) Oyu “mulavu” wakazunda cakufwambaana mbuli kuti ujisi mababa aasikwaze.—Malilo 4:19; Habakuku 1:6-8.
9. Ino nkucinca nzi kwakacitika kucinyama cili mbuli syuumbwa, alimwi kucinca oku kwakacijatikizya buti?
9 Muciindi, mababa aasyuumbwa oyu uulibedelede “akamonsoka.” Kumamanino aabulelo bwa Mwami Belisazara, Babuloni tanaakacijisi lubilo mukuzunda kwakwe alimwi wakaleka kwaainda masi kunguzu. Ilubilo lwakwe lwakeelana buyo alwamuntu weenzya maulu obile. Naakabaa “moyo wabuntu” wakabula nguzu. Mbwaatakajisi “moyo mbuli moyo wamulavu” Babuloni tanaakacili kukonzya kulilemeka mbuli mwami “akati kabanyama bamusokwe.” (Amweezyanisye 2 Samuele 17:10; Mika 5:8.) Icinyama cimbi cipati cakamuzunda.
ICILYA KAPATI MBULI CIBBEYA
10. Ino mulongo nzi wabeendelezi wakali kwiimininwaa ‘cibbeya’?
10 Daniele wakati: “Kwakaboneka munyama aumwi wabili, kali mbuli masekese [cibbeya], kanyampwide cituta kulubazu lomwe, alimwi kalumide mampango otatwe mukanwa lyakwe. Lino wakaambilwa kuti, Buka, ulye nyama nyingi.” (Daniele 7:5) Imwami wakali kwiimininwaa ‘cibbeya’ wakali nguwenya wakali kwiimininwaa camba alimwi amaboko aansiliva aacikozyanyo cipati—imulongo wabami ba Mediya a Persia (539-331 B.C.E.) ikutalikila kuli Dariyo mu Medi alimwi a Koresi Mupati akusika kuli wamamanino Dariyo Watatu.
11. Ino kunyampulwa nkucakanyampulwa kulubazu lomwe cibbeya cacikozyanyo alimwi akuluma tubambo totatwe mukanwa lyaco kwakali kwiiminina nzi?
11 Icibbeya cacikozyanyo ‘cakalinyampwidwe kulubazu lomwe’ ambweni kacilibambila kulwana akuzunda masi akuzumanana kuba cisi ceendelezya nyika. Naa ambweni ciimo eci cakali cakutondezya kuti mulongo wabaleli bana Persia uyooendelezya mwami Dariyo mu Medi iwakali kulela. Itubambo totatwe twakalumidwe acibbeya ambweni twakali kwiiminina mbazu zyotatwe mucakali kuunka kuyoozunda. ‘Icibbeya’ cabana Mediya a Persia cakaunka kunyika kuyoozunda Babuloni mu 539 B.C.E. Mpoonya cakaunka kumbo ikwiinda ku Asia Minor akuya ku Thrace. Kumamanino ‘cibbeya’ cakaunka kumusanza akuya kuzunda Egepita. Mbwaanga zimwi ziindi namba ya 3 iiminina kwiindizya, ambweni tubambo totatwe twakali kukankaizya bulyatu bwacibbeya bwacikozyanyo ibwakuyandisya kuzunda.
12. Ncinzi cakacitika akaambo kakutobela nkucakatobela malailile cibbeya cacikozyanyo aakuti: “Buka, ulye nyama nyingi”?
12 Eci ‘cibbeya’ cakaavwinyauna masi ikutobela majwi aakuti: “Buka, ulye nyama nyingi.” Ikwiinda mukunyonyoona Babuloni ikweelana akuyanda kwa Leza, icisi ca Mediya a Persia cakali kukonzya kucita mulimo mubotu kubantu ba Jehova. Aboobo cakacita obo! (Amubone “Imwami Uutakwe Lunya,” apeeji 149.) Ikwiinda muli Koresi Mupati, Dariyo Wakusaanguna (Dariyo Mupati) alimwi a Aritasasta Wakusaanguna, ibana Mediya a Persia bakaangulula baange bama Juda ibakali mu Babuloni akubagwasya kuyakulula tempele lya Jehova alimwi akubambulula bwaanda bwa Jerusalemu. Muciindi, icisi ca Mediya a Persia cakatalika kweendelezya zisi iziinda ku 127 elyo mulumi wa Mwami mukaintu Esita, Ahasuera (Xerxes Wakusaanguna) nguwakali kulela “kuzwa ku-India kusikila ku-Etiopiya.” (Esita 1:1) Nokuba boobo ikubuka kwacinyama cimbi kwakali afwaafwi.
ICALUBILO MBULI SILUWE UUJISI MABABA!
13. (a) Ino cinyama catatu cakali kwiiminina nzi? (b) Ncinzi cikonzya kwaambwa kujatikizya lubilo lwacinyama catatu alimwi acibaka ncocakeendelezya?
13 Icinyama catatu cakali “mbuli siluwe, kajisi mababa one aamuyuni andelo zyakwe. Oyu munyama kajisi mitwe yone, nkabela wakapegwa bwami.” (Daniele 7:6) Mbubwenya mbuli zibeela zyeendelana ancico—icikungu alimwi azibelo zyamukuba izyamuciloto ca Nebukadinezara—oyu siluwe wakajisi mababa one amitwe yone wakali kwiiminina mulongo wabami bana Makedoniya naa bamucisi caba Giliki ikutalikila kuli Alesandro Mupati. Ikwiinda munguzu ezyo alimwi alubilo lwasiluwe, Alesandro wakainda mu Asia Minor, kumusanza kwa Egepita alimwi akumunyinza wakumbo a India. (Amweezyanisye Habakuku 1:8.) Ibwami bwakwe bwakali bupati kwiinda ‘bwacibbeya’ nkaambo bwakali kubikkilizya Makedoniya, cisi caba Giliki alimwi a Bwami bwa Persia.—Amubone “Imwami Mwana-Mwana Wazunda Nyika,” apeeji 153.
14. Ino “siluwe” wakazyooba buti amitwe yone?
14 “Siluwe” wakazyoobaa mitwe yone naakafwa Alesandro mu 323 B.C.E. Ibapati babasikalumba bone mbabakamulida zina muzibeela zyaandeene-andeene zyabwami bwakwe. Seleucus wakali kweendelezya Mesopotamiya alimwi a Aramu. Ptolemy wakali kweendelezya Egepita a Palestine. Lysimachus wakali kweendelezya Asia Minor a Thrace elyo Cassander wakabweza Makedoniya alimwi acisi caba Giliki. (Amubone “Ibwami Bupati Bwaandaanizigwa,” apeeji 162.) Mpoonya kwakabuka penzi lipya.
ICINYAMA CIYOOSYA CAJANIKA KUTI CILAANDEENE
15. (a) Amucipandulule cinyama cane. (b) Ino cinyama cane cakali kwiiminina nzi, alimwi cakatyolaula buti akulyatauka zyoonse zyakasyeede?
15 Daniele wakapandulula cinyama cane kuti “munyama uuyoosya uugambya, uujisi inguzu loko.” Wakazumanana ategwa: “Kajisi meno mapati aalubulo, nkabela wakali kulya akutyolaula, aceeco icakasyeede wakacilyataula ansumba zyakwe. Kaandeene abanyama boonse ibakamutaangunina, alimwi kajisi meja aali ikumi.” (Daniele 7:7) Eci cinyama ciyoosya cakatalika kacili canguzu kutwaambo twacisi alimwi akunkondo mu Roma. Mpoonya cakazunda zibeela zyone zyaba Helene zya Bwami bwaba Giliki aboobo ikusika mumwaka wa 30 B.C.E. icisi ca Roma cakaba ncecisi ceendelezya nyika citobela icakaambwa mubusinsimi bwa Bbaibbele. Akaambo kakuya buzunda kufwumbwa cakasyaala ikwiinda munkondo, Ibwami bwa Roma bwakazyookomena akujatikizya cibeela cakali kuzwa ku Nsumbu zya Britain kwiinda mu Europe mane kuya kusika ku Mediterranean, kwiindilila ku Babuloni mane ku Persia.
16. Makani nzi ngaakaamba mungelo kujatikizya cinyama cane?
16 Kalombozya kuziba bupanduluzi bwa cinyama ‘ciyoosya loko,’ Daniele wakaswiilila kapati mungelo naakali kupandulula ategwa: “Meja [aancico] aali ikumi, nkokuti kubwami obo kuyoobuka bami bali ikumi, alimwi kusule lyabaabo kuyoobuka umbi uuandeene aboonse bakutaanguna, nkabela uyoozunda bami botatwe.” (Daniele 7:19, 20, 24) Ino “meja aali ikumi” naa “bami bali ikumi” bakali bani?
17. Ino “meja aali ikumi” aacinyama cane aiminina nzi?
17 Icisi ca Roma mbucakali kuyabuyaambele kusumpuka alimwi akusofwaala akaambo kabukkale bwakutalyeendelezya akati kaciinga cabasololi, cakaleka kuba canguzu kumakani ankondo. Muciindi, ikuleka kubaa nguzu kwaba Roma munkondo kwakalibonya kabotu-kabotu. Kumbele ibwami obu bwanguzu bwakaandaana akubaa mami manji. Mbwaanga Bbaibbele kanjikanji libelesya namba 10 ikwaamba kuzulila, “[i]meja aali ikumi” aacinyama cane aiminina mami oonse aakazyooboola akaambo kakunyonyooka kwa Roma.—Amweezyanisye Deuteronomo 4:13; Luka 15:8; 19:13, 16, 17.
18. Mbuti bwami bwa Roma mbubwakazumanana kweendelezya Europe kwamyaanda yamyaka iili mbwiibede naakazwisigwa mwami wamamanino?
18 Nokuba boobo, Ibwami bwa Roma tiibwakamana naakazwisigwa mwami wa Roma mu 476 C.E. Kwamyaanda yamyaka iili mbwiibede, paapa wa Roma wakazumanana kweendelezya cisi ca Europe ikapati kumakani aabukombi. Wakacita obo kwiinda mubulelo bwamwami mwalo ibantu bamu Europe banji mubakali kweendelezyegwaa simalelo mpoonya amwami. Elyo bami boonse bakali kulibombya kubweendelezi bwapaapa. Aboobo Ibwami bwa Roma Busalala ibwakali kweendelezyegwaa paapa wa Roma bwakeendelezya nyika muciindi coonse eco cilamfwu iciitwa kuti Dark Ages.
19. Ikweelana asikwiiya zyaciindi umwi, nkwaandaana kuli buti kwakaliko akati kabwami bwa Roma amami ambi aakabusaangunina?
19 Ino nguni uunga wakazya kuti cinyama cane cakali ‘andeene abanyama boonse ibakacitaangunina’? (Daniele 7:7, 19, 23) Kujatikizya makani aya H. G. Wells wakalemba kuti: “Obu bwami bupya ibwa Roma . . . bwakalaandeene munzila zili mbozibede amami mapati aakaliko kale munyika iisumpukide. . . . Bwakali kujatikizya bama Giliki boonse munyika alimwi mweelwe wabantu tiiwakajisi bana Hamiti alimwi abana Semiti banji mbuli bakali mumasi oonse aakaliko musyule . . . Bwakali bupya mubukkale boonse . . . Ibwami bwa Roma bwakakomena, ikukomena kupya kwatakali kuyeeyelwa; ibana Roma bakalijana kuti balijatikizidwe mubweendelezi bupati bwakusoleka buyo pele kabatazi pe.” Pele cinyama cane cakeelede kukomena kwiinda waawa.
IKEJA KASYOONTO KATALIKA KWEENDELEZYA
20. Ino mungelo wakaamba nzi kujatikizya kumena kwakeja amutwe wacinyama cane?
20 “Lino nendakacili kweebela meja, ndakabona kuti kwakamena keja akamwi akati kao. Lino kunembo lyakaako meja mataanzi otatwe akanonkolwa.” (Daniele 7:8) Ikujatikizya kumena kwakeja oku, imungelo wakaambila Daniele kuti: “Kusule lyabaabo kuyoobuka umbi uuandeene aboonse bakutaanguna [ibami bali kkumi], nkabela uyoozunda bami botatwe.” (Daniele 7:24) Ino mwami oyu nguni, wakabuka lili alimwi mbami nzi botatwe mbaakazunda?
21. Ino Britain wakazyooba buti keja kacikozyanyo kacinyama cane?
21 Amubone zintu zyakatobela. Mu 55 B.C.E., Mupati wabasikalumamba muna Roma, Julius Caesar wakasaala Britain pele wakaalilwa kujana busena bwakuti akkalilile. Mu 43 C.E., Mwami Claudius wakatalika mulimo uukkalikide wakuzunda Britain nkwiili kumusanza. Mpoonya mu 122 C.E., Mwami Hadrian wakatalika kuyaka bwaanda kuzwa ku Mulonga wa Tyne kuyakusika ku Solway Firth akubikka minyinza ikugolela Bwami bwa Roma kulubazu lwakunyika. Kumatalikilo aamwaanda wamyaka wasanu, basikalumamba ba Roma bakazwa kunsumbu. Sikwiiya zyaciindi umwi wakapandulula kuti: “Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 16, icisi ca England teecakali cisi cilaanguzu kapati. Ilubono lwaco lwakali lusyoonto kwiinda lwaku Netherlands. Imweelwe wabantu wakali musyoonto kwiinda waku France. Basikalumamba baco (kubikkilizya abasimato aankondo) tiibakasumpukide mbuli baku Spain.” Kulibonya kuti cisi ca Britain cakali cisyoonto kuciindi eco, calo cakali nkeja kasyoonto kacikozyanyo kacinyama cane. Pele zintu zyakali kulangilwa kucinca.
22. (a) Ino meja nzi otatwe aacinyama cane ngokakazunda “keja” kasyoonto? (b) Mpoonya Britain wakazyooba nzi?
22 Mu 1588, Philip Wabili waku Spain wakatuma mato aankondo aabana Spain kuti akalwane Britain. Oyu mulongo wamato mapati-pati aali 130 aakanyamwide baalumi bainda ku 24,000 akeenda kusika ku English Channel kwalo nkobakaakwiide kuzundwa abasikalumamba bamato aankondo baku Britain alimwi akunjila mumapenzi akaambo kaluwo alimwi aguwo liyoosya lyamu Atlantic. Umwi sikwiiya zyaciindi wakaamba kuti, eyi nkondo “njiyakapa kuti nguzu zijatikizya mato aankondo zizwe kucisi ca Spain akupegwa kucisi ca England.” Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 17, iba Dutch bakabaa mato aamakwebo aayinda munyika yoonse. Nokuba boobo, akaambo kamasi manji ngocakali kweendelezya cisi ca Britain, cakabwiinda bwami obo. Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 18, ibana Britain abana France bakalwana ku North America alimwi aku India calo cakapa kuti kube Cizuminano caku Paris mu 1763. Imulembi William B. Willcox wakaamba kuti, “eci cizuminano cakazibya ciimo cipya ca Britain kuti cakali cisi camu Europe iceendelezya manyika aali kunze a Europe.” Ikusumpuka kwa Britain kwakasinizigwaa kuzundwa kwa Napoléon waku France mu 1815 C.E. Aboobo ‘ibami botatwe mbaakazunda’ Britain ngu Spain, Netherlands alimwi a France. (Daniele 7:24) Nkakaambo kaako cisi ca Britain ncicakaba canguzu kwiinda masi oonse munyika kumakani aakuzunda alimwi amakwebo. Ee, “keja” kasyoonto kakazyooba cisi ceendelezya nyika!
23. Muunzila nzi keja kacikozyanyo ‘mukakalya nyika yoonse’?
23 Imungelo wakaambila Daniele kuti cinyama cane naa bwami bwane “buyoolya nyika yoonse.” (Daniele 7:23) Eco ncicakacitika kucooko cimwi ca Roma calo cakali kwiitwa kuti Britannia kaindi. Cakazyooba Bwami bwa Britain ‘akulya nyika yoonse.’ Kuciindi cimwi, obu bwami bwakali kujatikizya cibeela cane canyika alimwi amweelwe wane wabantu.
24. Ncinzi ncaakaamba sikwiiya zyaciindi kujatikizya kwaandaana kwa Bwami bwa Britain?
24 Ibwami bwa Roma mbubwakaandeene amami oonse aakasaanguna, imwami uuimininwaa “keja” kasyoonto awalo wakeelede ‘kwaandaana aboonse bakutaanguna.’ (Daniele 7:24) Sikwiiya zyaciindi H. G. Wells wakaamba boobu kujatikizya Bwami bwa Britain ategwa: “Kunyina bwami buli mbuli mbubo ibwakaliko kale. Icakusaanguna alimwi cipati mubweende boonse nkuba ‘cisi ceendelezyegwaa mwami’ ica United British Kingdoms . . . Kunyina opesi naa muntu wakauteelelesya kale muzeezo wa Bwami bwa Britain boonse mbobuzulwa. Ikukomena alimwi akuyabuvwula kwakalaandeene kapati acisi cili coonse cakali kwiitwa kuti mbwami.”
25. (a) Ikujatikizya mbokabede lino, ncinzi cijatikizidwe mukeja kasyoonto kacikozyanyo? (b) Ino muunzila nzi “keja” kasyoonto mukajisi “meso mbuli meso aamuntu” alimwi “amulomo uuamba makani aayoosya”?
25 ‘Ikeja’ kasyoonto tiikakali kujatikizya buyo Bwami bwa Britain. Mu 1783, icisi ca Britain cakapa lwaanguluko kuzisi zili 13 izyamu Amelika. Mpoonya icisi ca United States of America cakazyooba mucilongwe acisi ca Britain noyakainda Nkondo ya Nyika Yabili kacili cisi ceendelezya anyika. Ciceendelana kapati acisi ca Britain. Ibwami bweendelezya nyika bwamasi obile bwa Britain a Amelika (Anglo-America) ‘nkakeja kalaameso.’ Ee, obu bwami bwanguzu bulipakamene! Bulaamba “makani aayoosya” ikwaambilizya bweende bwanyika yoonse alimwi akubeleka mbuli cibelesyo cakwaambawida naa “musinsimi mubeji.”—Daniele 7:8, 11, 20; Ciyubunuzyo 16:13; 19:20.
IKEJA KASYOONTO KAMUKAZYA LEZA ABASALALI BAKWE
26. Ncinzi ncaakaambilizya mungelo kujatikizya kwaambaula alimwi amicito yaluja lwacikozyanyo kubabelesi ba Jehova?
26 Daniele wakazumanana kupandulula cilengaano cakwe ulaamba: “Nindakacili kulanga, olo luja lwakabusizya basalali inkondo akubazunda.” (Daniele 7:21) Ikujatikizya “luja” olu naa mwami, imungelo wa Leza wakasinsima kuti: “Uyooamba majwi aakusampaula Sijulu, abalo basalali ba-Sijulu uyoobafwabya. Uyooyeeya kusandula ziindi amilao. Nkabela bayooabwa mumaanza aakwe mwaka amyaka yobile acisela camwaka.” (Daniele 7:25) Ino muunzila nzi mucakazuzikizigwa cibeela eci cabusinsimi alimwi ndilili?
27. (a) Ino mbaani “basalali” ibapenzyegwaa “keja” kasyoonto? (b) Ino luja lwacikozyanyo lwakakanzide buti “kusandula ziindi amilao”?
27 “Basalali” ibapenzyegwaa “keja” kasyoonto—Ibwami bwa Britain a Amelika (Anglo-America)—mbaasikutobela Jesu baanyika bananikidwe amuuya. (Ba-Roma 1:7; 1 Petro 2:9) Kakucili myaka iili mbwiibede kuti italike Nkondo Yanyika Yakusaanguna, ibasyeede akati kabananike bakaambilizya caantangalala kuti imwaka wa 1914 uyooba ngamamanino ‘aaciindi cabamasi.’ (Luka 21:24) Inkondo noyakatalika mumwaka oyo, cakalibonya kuti “keja” kasyoonto tiikakakubikkila maanu kucenjezya nkaambo kakazumanana kupenzya “basalali” bananike. Mane Ibwami bwa Britain a Amelika (Anglo-America) bwakabakasya akucita ncayanda Jehova (naa “mulao”) kuti makani mabotu aa Bwami akambaukwe nyika yoonse mbwiizulwa abakamboni bakwe. (Matayo 24:14) Aboobo “keja” kasyoonto kakasoleka “kusandula ziindi amilao.”
28. Ino “mwaka amyaka yobile acisela camwaka” yabusinsimi cakali ciindi cilamfwu buti?
28 Imungelo wa Jehova wakaamba ciindi cabusinsimi ‘camwaka amyaka yobile acisela camwaka.’ Basikubandika zya Bbaibbele balazuminizya kuti aka kaambo kaamba myaka yotatwe acisela—nkokuti ikusanganya mwaka, myaka yobile acisela. Ibusanduluzi bwa James Moffatt bwaamba kuti: “Kwamyaka yotatwe acisela camwaka.” Iciindi nciconya eci cilaambwa akubbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo 11:2-7, ilyaamba kuti bakamboni ba Leza bayookambauka kabasamide zisani zyamasaka kwamyezi iili 42 naa kwamazuba aali 1,260 mpoonya bayoojayigwa. Ino ciindi eci cakatalika lili alimwi akumana?
29. Ino myaka yotatwe acisela yabusinsimi yakatalika lili alimwi munzila nzi?
29 Iciindi ca Nkondo ya Nyika Yakusaanguna cakali ciindi cakusunkwa ku Banakristo bananike. Ikusika kumamanino aa 1914 bakali kulangila kupenzyegwa. Elyo, lugwalo lwamwaka ilwakasalwa mu 1915 lwakali kujatikizya mubuzyo wa Jesu kuli basikwiiya bakwe wakuti, “Sa mulakonzya kunywida mukanywido munti nywide ime?” Wakazwide kuli Matayo 20:22. Aboobo ikutalikila mu December 1914 ako kakamu kasyoonto kabakamboni kakakambauka ‘muzisani zyamasaka.’
30. Ino bakapenzyegwa buti Banakristo bananike ku Bwami bweendelezya nyika bwa Britain a Amelika (Anglo-America) kuciindi ca Nkondo Yanyika Yakusaanguna?
30 Inkondo noyakali kuyaambele, Ibanakristo bananike bakakazigwa kapati. Bamwi akati kabo bakaangwa muntolongo. Ibantu mbuli Frank Platt waku England alimwi a Robert Clegg waku Canada bakasubulwa abeendelezi bajayi. Mu February 12, 1918, Ibulelo bwa Britain mu Canada bwakalesya volyumu yanamba 7 yakazwaa kumwayigwa ya Studies in the Scriptures, iila mutwe wakuti The Finished Mystery, antoomwe amatulakiti aakajisi mutwe wakuti The Bible Students Monthly. Imwezi wakatobela, Icibeela ca Bululami caku U.S. cakaambilizya kuti ikumwaigwa kwavolyumu yanamba 7 tiikwakali mumulawo pe. Ncinzi cakacitika? Kwakaba cipeekani mumaanda, imabbuku akabwezegwa alimwi bakombi ba Jehova bakaangwa!
31. Ino ndilili “mwaka amyaka yobile acisela camwaka” noyakamana alimwi muunzila nzi?
31 Ikupenzegwa kwabananike ba Leza kwakaindila mu June 21, 1918, ciindi mweendelezi J. F. Rutherford, antoomwe ankumekume zya Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society nobakaangwa muntolongo kwaciindi cilamfwu akaambo kakutamikizigwa milandu. Kakakanzide “kusandula ziindi amilao,” ‘ikeja’ kakaunyonyoona mulimo wakukambauka. (Ciyubunuzyo 11:7) Aboobo iciindi cakasinsimwa “[ca]mwaka amyaka yobile acisela camwaka” cakamana mu June 1918.
32. Nkaambo nzi ncomunga mwaambila kuti “basalali” tiibakamanizigwa a “keja” kasyoonto?
32 Pele “basalali” tiibakamanina limwi pe nobakapenzegwa ‘akeja’ kasyoonto. Mbubwenya mbokusinsimwa mubbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo, nokwakainda kaindi kasyoonto kakutacita mulimo uli woonse Banakristo bananike bakabukuluka akutalika kukambauka alimwi. (Ciyubunuzyo 11:11-13) Mu March 26, 1919, imweendelezi wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society antoomwe abeenzinyina bakaangululwa kuzwa muntolongo, bakazyoojanwa kuti tabakwe mulandu bakabejelezyegwa buyo. Mbucakaindila eco, ibananike basyeede bakatalika kulibunga-bunga kuti bazumanane mumulimo wabo. Ino ono ncinzi cilangilwa kucitika ‘kukeja’ kasyoonto?
SINSIKU WEENDELEZYA NKUTA
33. (a) Ino Sinsiku nguni? (b) Ino ‘mabuku nzi aakajalulwa’ mu Nkuta yakujulu?
33 Naamana kupandulula banyama bone, Daniele waleka kulanga kucinyama cane walanga kuzintu zicitika kujulu. Wabona Sinsiku kakkede acuuno cakwe cimweka kali Mubetesi. Oyu Sinsiku ngu Jehova Leza. (Intembauzyo 90:2) Nobakkala boonse Basinkuta, Daniele wabona ‘mabbuku kaajulwa.’ (Daniele 7:9, 10) Mbwaanga Jehova wali kupona lyoonse, ulibuzi bukkale boonse bwabantu mbuli kuti bulembedwe mubbuku. Wabalangilila banyama bacikozyanyo boonse bone aboobo ulakonzya kubabeteka kweelana aluzibo lwakwe.
34, 35. Ncinzi ciyoocitika ku “keja” kasyoonto akumami amwi aali mbuli zinyama?
34 Daniele wazumanana ategwa: “Mpawo ndakalanga nkaambo kamajwi aayoosya keja ngekakali kwaamba. Nkabela nindakacili kulanga, munyama wakajayigwa, amutunta wakwe wakanyonyoonwa, wawaalwa mumulilo kuti utentwe. Abanyama bamwi, bakanyanzigwa bwami bwabo, pele kupona bakazumizigwa kucipona mane kusikila kuciindi ceelede.” (Daniele 7:11, 12) Imungelo waambila Daniele kuti: “Kuyooba inkuta yakubeteka makani, elyo bweendelezi bwakwe buyoonyanzigwa, kuti bunyonyoonwe akulobesegwa mane kusikila kumamanino.”—Daniele 7:26.
35 Ikwiinda mumulwo wa Mubetesi Mupati Jehova Leza, iluja lwakasampaula Leza akupenzya “basalali” luyoocitwa mbubwenya bwakacitwa Bwami bwa Roma bwalo bwakali kupenzya Banakristo bakusaanguna. Ibweendelezi bwandulo tabukazumanani pe. Alimwi abalo “bami” ibali mbuli meja ibasyoonto-syoonto bakamena kuzwa ku Bwami bwa Roma tabakazumanani pe. Ino mbuti kumakani aabulelo bwakazwa kumami aali mbuli aabanyama aamusyule? Mbubwenya mbuli mbukwakasinsimwa akazumizigwa kuti kaaciliko “kuciindi ceelede.” Mumasena mwaakabede mwazumanana kukkala bantu kusikila kuciindi cesu cino. Mucikozyanyo cisi ca Iraq cili abusena aakali Babuloni wansiku. Ica Persia (Iran) acaba Giliki ciciliko asunu. Ibasyeede bamasi aya aayendelezya nyika bali kulubazu lwa United Nations. Aalo aya mami ayoonyonyoonwa caakunyonyoonwa cisi ceendelezya nyika camamanino. Imfwulumende zyabantu zyoonse ziyoomanisigwa “kunkondo yabuzuba bupati bwa-Leza Singuzuzyoonse.” (Ciyubunuzyo 16:14, 16) Pele ino uyooendelezya nyika nguni?
IBWEENDELEZI BUTAMANI BULI AFWAAFWI!
36, 37. (a) Ino nguni waambwa kuti “umwi uuli mbuli mwana amuntu,” alimwi ndilili naakalibonya alimwi wakali amulimo nzi mu Nkuta yakujulu? (b) Ncinzi cakakkazikizigwa mu 1914 C.E?
36 Daniele wakankamuka ulaamba: “Lino ndakabona muzilengano zyamasiku, ndabona umwi uuli mbuli mwana amuntu uleza amayoba aakujulu, wasika afwaafwi akuli-Sinsiku, watambulwa kulinguwe.” (Daniele 7:13) Jesu Kristo naakali anyika wakali kuliita kuti “Mwana a-Muntu” ikutondezya kuyanzana kwakwe kubantu. (Matayo 16:13; 25:31) Jesu wakaamba boobu ku Nkuta Mpati yaba Juda: “Mulabona Mwana a-Muntu ulikede kululyo lwa-Singuzu, uleza amayoba aakujulu.” (Matayo 26:64) Aboobo, mucilengaano ca Daniele, uuboola, uutalibonyi kumeso aabantu alimwi uutambulwa kuli Jehova Leza wakali Jesu Kristo iwakabusigwa mubulemu. Ino eci cakacitika lili?
37 Leza wakabamba cizuminano ca Bwami a Jesu Kristo mbubwenya mbwaakacitide a Mwami Davida. (2 Samuele 7:11-16; Luka 22:28-30) Nocakamana “ciindi cabamasi” mu 1914 C.E., Jesu Kristo mbwaakali sikukona bwami bwa Davida wakali kukonzya kutambula bweendelezi mu Bwami. Imalembe aa Daniele aabusinsimi aamba kuti: “Wakapegwa bweendelezi abulemu abwami, kuti bantu bazisi zyoonse abamisyobo yoonse abamyaambo yoonse bamumanine milimo. Bweendelezi bwakwe mbweendelezi butamani butakonzyi kweela, abwami bwakwe tabukonzyi kunyonyoonwa.” (Daniele 7:14) Aboobo Ibwami bwabu Mesiya bwakakkazikwa kujulu mu 1914. Nokuba boobo ibulelo bulapegwa akuli bambi.
38, 39. Nguni uyoopegwa bweendelezi butamani bwanyika yoonse?
38 Imungelo wakaamba kuti: “Basalali ba-Sijulu wamajulu bayootambula bwami.” (Daniele 7:18, 22, 27) Jesu Kristo ngomupati abasalali aba. (Incito 3:14; 4:27, 30) Abambi “basalali” ibatola lubazu mubweendelezi Mbanakristo bananikidwe amuuya ibali 144,000 balo bali mbaasikulelanyina a Kristo mu Bwami. (Ba-Roma 1:7; 8:17; 2 Ba-Tesalonika 1:5; 1 Petro 2:9) Balabusigwa kuzwa kulufwu kabali myuuya iitafwiki kutegwa balele a Kristo a Cilundu ca Zioni cakujulu. (Ciyubunuzyo 2:10; 14:1; 20:6) Aboobo Kristo Jesu a Banakristo bananike babusidwe mbabayooendelezya nyika yabantu.
39 Ikujatikizya bulelo bwa Mwana a Muntu alimwi abamwi “basalali” babusidwe, imungelo wa Leza wakaamba kuti: “Bwami abweendelezi abupati bwazisi zyoonse zyaansi, zyoonse ziyooabwa mumaanza aabantu babasalali ba-Sijulu. Bwami bwakwe mbwami buteeli, nkabela misyobo yoonse iyoomulemeka akumumanina milimo.” (Daniele 7:27) Bayoolongezyegwa kaka bantu bamvwa mu Bwami obo!
40. Ino inga twagwasigwa buti twabikkila maanu kuciloto alimwi azilengaano zya Daniele?
40 Daniele taakwe naakazi mbozyakali kunoozuzikizigwa zilengaano ezi zigambya izyakazwa kuli Leza. Wakati: “Mpaamanina makani awa. Lino mebo nde-Daniele, miyeeyo yangu yakali kundikataazya loko, aciwa cangu cakasanduka. Pele makani ndakacilaayobwede mumoyo wangu.” (Daniele 7:28) Nokuba boobo, iswebo tukkede kuciindi notukonzya kuteelela kuzuzikizigwa kwazintu nzyaakabona Daniele. Ikuti naa businsimi obu twabubikkila maanu ilusyomo lwesu lulayumizigwa mukuti Mwami wabu Mesiya wa Jehova nguuyooendelezya nyika.
Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe
^ munc. 4 Ikutegwa tusalazye makani alimwi akukasya kwiinduluka-induluka, tulajatikanya tupango tupanduludwe ituli kuli Daniele 7:15-28 antoomwe akulanga-langa kapango akapango kazilengaano zilembedwe kuli Daniele 7:1-14.
^ munc. 7 Amubone Caandaano ca 4 cabbuku eli.
NCINZI NCOMWAIYA?
• Ncinzi ciimininwaa cinyama comwe-comwe akati ‘kabanyama bapati bone ibazwa mulwizi’?
• Ncinzi cijatikizidwe ‘mukeja’ kasyoonto?
• Ino “basalali” bakapenzyegwa buti akeja kasyoonto kacikozyanyo mu Nkondo Yanyika Yakusaanguna?
• Ncinzi ciyoocitika kukeja kasyoonto kacikozyanyo antoomwe amami aambi aali mbuli aazinyama?
• Ino mwagwasigwa buti kwiinda mukubikkila maanu kuciloto ca Daniele alimwi azilengaano zijatikizya “banyama bapati bone”?
[Mibuzyo yaciiyo]
[Kabbokesi/Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 149-152]
IMWAMI UUTAKWE LUNYA
IMULEMBI muna Giliki wamumwaanda wamyaka wasanu B.C.E. wakamuyeeya kuti wakali mwami uutakwe lunya alimwi uuli kabotu kapati. Mu Bbaibbele waambwa kuti “munanike” wa Leza alimwi akuti “muyuni mukali” uuzwa “kujwe.” (Isaya 45:1; 46:11) Oyu mwami waambwa awa ngu Koresi Mupati waku Persia.
Ikuduma kwa Koresi kwakatalika kauyanda kusika mwaka wa 560/559 B.C.E. naakalya zina lyausyi Cambyses Wakusaanguna acuuno cabwami mu Anshan, imunzi naa cooko camu Persia wansiku. Kuciindi eco Anshan wakali kweendelezyegwaa Mwami Astyages mu Medi. Naakazangila bulelo bwaba Medi, Koresi wakazunda cakufwambaana nkaambo basikalumamba ba Astyages bakamusiya akusangana Koresi. Mpoonya bana Mediya bakatalika kumusyoma Koresi. Kuzwa ciindi eco ibana Mediya a Persia bakali kubeleka calukamantano mubweendelezi bwakwe. Aboobo bulelo bwa Mediya a Persia mbubwakatalika bwalo bwakatantamuna bwami bwambubo kuzwa ku Lwizi lwa Aegean kusika ku Mulonga wa Indus.—Amubone maapu.
Kabelekela antoomwe aba Medi abana Persia, Koresi wakataanguna kukkazikizya bweendelezi kubusena kwakali mapenzi—icibeela cakumbo aa Mediya kwalo Mwami Croesus iwa Lidiya nkwaakali kutantamuna bwami bwakwe akunjila mucisi ca Mediya. Naakali kuyaabuya kumunyinza wakujwe wa Bwami bwa Lidiya mu Asia Minor, Koresi wakazunda Croesus akubweza munzi wakwe mupati iwa Sardis. Mpoonya wakasaala minzi ya Ionia akubweza cisi ca Asia Minor coonse akucibikka mu Bwami bwa Mediya a Persia. Aboobo wakaba ngosinkondonyina mupati iwa Babuloni amwami wanguwo Nabonidus.
Mpoonya Koresi wakalibambila kulwana Babuloni wanguzu. Aboobo kuzwa kuciindi eci wakajatikizigwa kapati mukuzuzikizigwa kwabusinsimi bwa Bbaibbele. Kakucili myaanda yamyaka iitandila kwiibili kumbele, Jehova ikwiinda mumusinsimi Isaya wakabanda Koresi kuti ngomuleli uyoozunda Babuloni akwaangulula bama Juda mubuzike. Mu Magwalo Koresi wiitwa kuti “munanike” wa Jehova akaambo kakusalwa nkwaakasalilwa limwi.—Isaya 44:26-28.
Koresi naakaboola kuzyoolwana Babuloni mu 539 B.C.E., wakajana buyumuyumu kapati. Imunzi wakali kulibonya mbuli kuti taunjiliki nkaambo wakazingulukidwe bwaanda bupati alimwi aciziba cilamfwu icikwazeme cakabambwa kuzwa kumulonga wa Firate. Awo mulonga wa Firate mpowakali kwiinda akati kamunzi wa Babuloni, kwakali bwaanda bwakali mbuli mulundu ibwakali kutobelezya nkomwe zyamulonga ibwakajisi milyango mipati yamukuba. Ino mbuti mbwaakali kunga wazunda munzi wa Babuloni, Koresi?
Kakucili myaka iinda kumwaanda omwe kumbele, Jehova wakasinsima ‘cimpayuma cakali kuzoosikila maanzi awo’ alimwi wakaambide kuti “ayuminine.” (Jeremiya 50:38) Mbubwenya bwakaamba businsimi, Koresi wakaanyona maanzi aamu Mulonga wa Firate kwamakkilomita masyoonto kugama kunyika aamunzi wa Babuloni. Mpoonya basikalumamba bakwe bakacavwaila mumeenda, bakkwela mungenyu uugama kubwaanda akunjila mumunzi kakunyina abuyumuyumu akaambo kakuti imilyango yamukuba yakacaala bukwazi. Mbubwenya mbuli “muyuni mukali” ufwuumukila ali ceeco ncayanda kulya, oyu muleli ‘uuzwa kujwe’—wakasaala Babuloni mubusiku bomwe buyo!
Kuli bama Juda bakali mu Babuloni, ikuzunda kwa Koresi kwakali kwaamba kusika kwalwaanguluko kuzwa kubuzike ikwakali kulangilwa kwaciindi cilamfwu alimwi amamanino aakunyonyoonwa kwamunzi wabo kwamyaka iili 70. Bakakkomana kaka Koresi naakaambilizya mulawo uubazumizya kupilukila ku Jerusalemu akuya kuyakulula tempele! Koresi wakabapilusizya azibelesyo zibotu zyamutempele nzyaakatolede Nebukadinezara ku Babuloni, wakazumizya kuti inga kwaulwa mapulanga kuzwa ku Lebano alimwi wakazumizya kuti kubwezegwe mali kuzwa kuŋanda yamwami ikutegwa abelesyegwe kumayake.—Ezara 1:1-11; 6:3-5.
Koresi wakalaalweetelelo kumakani aakulanganya bantu mbaakazunda. Ikaambo komwe kanga nkekakapa kuti abe abukkale buli boobu, mbukombi bwakwe. Kulalangilwa kuti Koresi wakali kutobela ziyiisyo zyamusinsimi Zoroaster muna Persia alimwi wakali kukomba Ahura Mazda—leza uuyeeyelwa kuti nguwakalenga zintu zyoonse zibotu. Farhang Mehr, mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Zoroastrian Tradition wakalemba kuti: “Zoroaster wakali kwaamba Leza kuti mbukkale bulondokede. Wakali kwaambila bantu kuti Ahura Mazda tapilusizyi cibi pe, pele uliluleme aboobo tayelede kuyoowegwa pele weelede kuyandwa.” Ikusyoma leza iwakajisi bukkale bubotu alimwi uululeme cilakonzya cakajatikizya bukkale bwa Koresi alimwi akumukulwaizya kubaa camba akweenzya zintu munzila yeelede.
Nokuba boobo, imwami tanaakakuyanda kupya kwamu Babuloni. Icilimo kwakali kupya kapati kwiinda mbwaakali kuyanda. Aboobo nokuba kuti Babuloni wakazumanana kuba munzi wamwami wa Bwami obu antoomwe akuba busena ikucitilwa bukombi alimwi azilengwa, wakali munzi nkwaakali kukkala buyo ciindi camupeyo. Atwaambe kuti, mbwaakamanina buyo kuzunda Babuloni, Koresi wakapilukila kumunzi wakwe wacilimo wa Akimeta uuli kunselelo aa Cilundu ca Alwand, uusumpwidwe amamita aatandila ku 1,900 kuzwa atalaa lwizi lupati. Okuya imupeyo alimwi acilimo zyakamukonda kapati. Koresi wakayaka aŋanda yamwami iiyebeka mumunzi wakali ngomupati musyule iwa Pasargadae (afwaafwi aku Persepolis) kumusanza lwaambo aaku Akimeta ikulampa makkilomita aatandila ku 650. Eyo ŋanda yakali kubeleka mbuli kwakuyubila.
Aboobo Koresi ulayeeyegwa kuti mwami sikuzunda sicamba alimwi uutakwe lunya. Ibulelo bwakwe bwamyaka iili 30 bwakamana naakafwa mu 530 B.C.E. naakali kunkondo. Imwanaakwe Cambyses Wabili nguwakalya zina akukkala acuuno cabwami mu Persia.
NCINZI NCOMWAIYA?
• Ino Koresi muna Persia wakasinizya buti kuba “munanike” wa Jehova?
• Mulimo nzi mupati ngwaakacita Koresi kubantu ba Jehova?
• Ino Koresi wakali kubalanganya buti bantu mbaakazunda?
[Maapu]
(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)
IBWAMI BWA MEDIYA A PERSIA
MAKEDONIYA
Memphis
EGEPITA
ETIOPIYA
Jerusalemu
Babuloni
Akimeta
Susa
Persepolis
INDIA
[Cifwanikiso[
Icuumbwe ca Koresi ku Pasargradae
[Cifwanikiso]
Icifwanikiso cili ku Pasargradae icitondezya Koresi
[Kabbokesi/Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 153-161]
IMWAMI MWANA-MWANA WAZUNDA NYIKA
IMYAKA iitandila ku 2,300 yainda, imupati wabasikalumamba wamasusu aasubila-subila wamyaka yakuzyalwa iili kuma 20 wakaima kunkomwe ya Lwizi lwa Mediterranean. Imeso akwe akagamide kulanga munzi wakali ansumbu ikwakali musinzo uutandila kukkilomita yomwe kuzwa mpaakaimvwi. Akaambo kakuti wakakasigwa kunjila mumunzi, oyu sikalumamba iwakanyemede kapati wakalikanzide ikuuzunda. Ino ninzila nzi njaakakanzide kubelesya? Nkubamba mugwagwa uugama kunsumbu eyi akutuma basikalumamba bakwe kuti baulwane munzi oyo. Imulimo wakubamba mugwagwa oyo wakalitalikidwe kale.
Pele mulumbe wakazwa kumwami mupati wa Bwami bwa Persia wakanyonganya sikalumamba oyo mukubusi. Akaambo kakuyandisya kuleta luumuno, imuleli muna Persia wakasyomezya kumupa cipego cigambya: Imatalenta aali 10,000 aangolida (imaddola aainda kutuulunzuma ituli zyuulu kweelana ampoubede sunu mweelwe), umwi wabana basimbi bamwami kuti akwate alimwi akumupa bweendelezi bwacibeela cakumbo coonse ca Bwami bwa Persia. Zyoonse ezi zyakaambwa kuti zilapegwa naa mukwasyi wamwami ngwaakajatide sikalumamba waangululwa.
Oyu mupati wabasikalumamba iwakajisi penzi lyakusala kuti azumine naa acikake cipego ncaakaabilwa ngu Alesandro Watatu waku Makedoniya. Sena acitambule eco ncaabilwa? Sikwiiya zyaciindi Ulrich Wilcken wakaamba kuti: “Eci cakali ciindi cikatazya kunyika yansiku. Ee, icakacitika akaambo kakusala kwakwe cakajatikizya bantu bakali kupona akati kamyaka ya 500 C.E. a 1500 C.E. mane akusikila kuciindi cesu, Kujwe mbubwenya mbuli Kumbo.” Katutana langa-langa bwiinguzi bwa Alesandro, atubone zintu zyakapa kuti kube ciindi eci cikatazya.
MBWAAKAKOMEZYEGWA SIKUZUNDA
Alesandro wakazyalilwa ku Pella, ku Makedoniya mu 356 B.C.E. Usyi wakali Mwami Filipo Wabili elyo banyina bakali ba Olympias. Ba Olympias bakayiisya Alesandro kuti ibami baku Makedoniya bakazwa kuli Hercules imwanaa leza waba Giliki, Zeus. Ikweelana abwakaamba Olympias, syaanyinakulu wansiku iwa Alesandro wakali Achilles, imulombwana wakalemba kweema kwa Homer ikwakuti Iliad. Aboobo akaambo kakuti bazyali bakwe bakamuzibizya kuzunda alimwi akubaa bulemu bwa Bwami, imukubusi Alesandro kunyina naakabaa luyandisisyo lunji lwakucita zintu zimbi. Naakabuzigwa kuti naa wakali kukonzya kuzuza Muzisobano zyama Olympics, Alesandro wakaamba kuti wakali kukonzya buyo kucita boobo ikuti naa nkuzuzaa bami. Imakanze akwe akali aakuti acite zintu zipati kwiinda zyakacita usyi alimwi akubaa bulemu kwiinda mukuzwidilila kwakwe.
Naakasika myaka iili 13 yakuzyalwa, Alesandro wakali kuyiisigwaa sibusongo muna Giliki Aristotle walo wakamugwasya kubaa luyandisisyo mubusongo bwabantu, mubusilisi alimwi amusayaansi. Ikwaamba mbuli mbuzyakamujatikizya Alesandro ziyiisyo zyabusongo zya Aristotle kumakani akuyeeya kwakwe, makani aakonzya kubandikwa. Bertrand Russell, sibusongo wamumwaanda wamyaka wa 20 wakaamba kuti: “Kuboneka kuti cili kabotu ikwaamba kuti aba bantu bobile tiibakali kuzuminana pe muzintu zinji. Imizeezo ya Aristotle yamakani aacisi yakayeemi aminzi yaba Giliki yalo yakali kuyaabunyonyooka lino.” Imuzeezo wakuyaka mfwulumende yaminzi misyoonto-syoonto tiiwakali kulangilwa kumukonda pe mwanaa mwami walo wakakanzide kuyaka bwami bupati. Alimwi Alesandro ulakonzya wakali kuudooneka mulawo wabuna Aristotle wakubalanga mbuli bazike ibantu batali ba Giliki nkaambo wakali kuyeeyela kubaa bwami bujisi bulongwe bubotu akati kabasikuzunda alimwi abazundwa.
Nokuba boobo tacidoonekwi pe kuti Aristotle wakakulwaizya Alesandro ikuyandisya kubala akwiiya. Alesandro wakazumanana kuba muntu uuyandisya kubala mubuumi bwakwe boonse, kalaa luyandisisyo lulibedelede kumalembe aa Homer. Kwaambwa kuti wakapeta mizila yoonse yakweema kwa Iliad iili 15,693.
Ikuyiisigwa kwamwanaa mwami oyu wamyaka yakuzyalwa iili 16 kuli Aristotle kwakaide kumana mu 340 B.C.E. nakapilukila ku Pella kuti akeendelezye Makedoniya naatakaliko usyi. Elyo simulyazina oyu wakaindaa kubaa mpuwo mumilimo yabusikalumamba. Ndilyonya wakalesya buzangi bwamusyobo wa Maedi wabana Thracia akubweza munzi wabo mupati mukulaba buyo kwalisyo elyo wakaulika busena obo kuti Alexandroúpolis kuti abe muselinyina calo cakamukonda kapati Filipo.
IKUZUMANANA KUZUNDA
Ikujaigwa kwa Filipo mu 336 B.C.E. kwakapa kuti Alesandro wamyaka yakuzyalwa iili 20 akkale acuuno cabwami ku Makedoniya. Kumatalikilo amwezi wa May mu 334 B.C.E. naakanjila mu Asia ku Hellespont (lino kwiitwa kuti Dardanelles), Alesandro wakatalika mulimo wakuzunda kajisi basikalumamba basyoonto buyo pele balaanguzu ibali 30,000 basimaulu alimwi abali 5,000 bamabbiza. Ibakasindikila basikalumamba bakwe mbaamainjiniyala, bama saveya, basikuyaka, basisayaansi alimwi abasikwiiya zyaciindi.
Kumulonga wa Granicus kunyika lwaambo lwa Asia Minor (lino kwiitwa kuti Turkey), Alesandro wakazunda munkondo yakwe yakusaanguna abana Persia. Imupeyo mwaka nguwenya oyo wakazunda Asia Minor nkwiili kumbo. Mu October mwaka wakatobela, inkondo imbi abana Persia yakalwa ku Issus kumusanza lwaambo lwa Asia Minor. Imwami mupati wa Persia, Dariyo Watatu kajisi abasikalumamba bakwe batandila ku 500,000 wakaboola kuti aswaangane a Alesandro. Akaambo kakulisyoma kapati, Dariyo wakaletelezya abanyina, bakaintu bakwe alimwi abamwi-bamwi bamukwasyi wakwe kutegwa balibonene mbubakeelede kuzunda cikankamanisya. Pele ibana Persia tiibakalibambide pe ikulwana bana Makedoniya ibakanyemede alimwi bakaboola aciindi citayeeyelwi. Basikalumamba ba Alesandro bakabazunda kabiibi bana Persia elyo Dariyo wakatija akusiya mukwasyi wakwe mumaanzaa Alesandro.
Muciindi cakutobela bana Persia ibakali kutija, Alesandro wakagama kumusanza kutobelezya Jeleele lya Mediterranean kayaabuzunda masena imwiimina mato aabana Persia aanguzu. Pele imunzi uuli ansumbu wa Turo wakalizizya kukusaalwa oku. Kakanzide kuuzunda Alesandro, wakatalika kusaala ikwakatola myezi iili ciloba. Ikusaala oku nokwakacili kucitwa, ndendilyo Dariyo naakaamba kuti ulakonzya kupa zintu izyaambwa kumatalikilo ikutegwa kube luumuno. Cakali cibotu kapati cizuminano eco cakuti sikulaya wa Alesandro uusyomwa, Parmenio wakaamba kuti: ‘lkuti nindali ndime Alesandro, nindazumina.’ Pele awalo sikalumamba mukubusi wakaingula ategwa: ‘Andime nindazumina nindali Parmenio.’ Kakakide kumvwana, Alesandro wakazumanana kusaala akumwaya cisi ca Turo mu July 332 B.C.E.
Naakauleka munzi wa Jerusalemu walo wakalipa mumaanza akwe, Alesandro wakagama kumusanza akuzunda Gaza. Akaambo kakucimwa kweendelezyegwaa bana Persia, icisi ca Egepita cakamulanga mbuli mufwutuli. Naakasika ku Memphis, wakatuula kumucende Apis aboobo wakabakkomanisya bapaizi bana Egepita. Wakatalisya amunzi wa Alesandriya walo kumbele iwakazyoowiinda wa Atene akuba busena bwakuyiila, aboobo uucitwaa zina elyo asunu.
Mpoonya Alesandro wakagama kunyika lwaajwe akuya ku Palestine alimwi aku Mulonga wa Tigris. Mumwaka wa 331 B.C.E., wakanjila munkondo mpati yatatu abana Persia ku Gaugamela, afwaafwi buyo akumatongo aa Nineve. Okuya ibaalumi ba Alesandro ibali 47,000 bakazunda basikalumamba bana Persia ibakalibunga-bunga alimwi ibatandila ku 250,000! Dariyo wakatija mpoona bantu bakwe mbabona bakamujaya.
Kakkomene kapati akaambo kakuzunda, Alesandro wakagama kumusanza akuzunda munzi mupati wamupeyo mu Persia, iwa Babuloni. Alimwi wakabweza minzi ya Susa a Persepolis, akubweza lubono lwa Persia ilunji amane waumpa ŋanda yamwami mpati ya Xerxes. Limwi imunzi uuli ku Akimeta wakauzunda. Mpoonya oyu sikuzunda wakajisi lubilo kapati wakazunda masena amwi oonse aakasyeede mubwami bwa Persia ikuyakusika mane kwini kujwe ku Mulonga wa Indus uuli mu Pakistan sunu.
Mbwaakaukosoda buyo mulonga wa Indus acibaka mpozyaabanina munyinza acooko ca Taxila mu Persia, Alesandro wakaswaanganya sinkondonyina singuzu, imwami Porus wa India. Alesandro wakalwana nkondo yane alimwi yamamanino anguwe mu June 326 B.C.E. Basikalumamba ba Porus bakali 35,000 abazovu ibali 200 balo bakali kukonga mabbiza aabana Makedoniya. Eyi nkondo yakali kuyoosya alimwi bantu banji bakafwa, pele basikalumamba ba Alesandro bakazunda. Porus wakalyaaba mumaanza aakwe elyo wakaba mulongwe.
Kwakaindide myaka iitandila kulusele kuzwa ciindi basikalumamba bana Makedoniya nobakakosola kuya mu Asia, aboobo basikalumamba aba bakali katede akuzimba kumunzi. Akaambo kakukatala kunkondo iiyoosya njobakalwana a Porus bakali kuyanda kupilukila kumunzi. Nokuba kuti Alesandro wakalilengeeni kukusaanguna, wakazyoozumina kucita ncobakali kuyanda. Ee, icisi caba Giliki cakaba nciceendelezya nyika. Mbwaanga akaba aaba Giliki lino masi oonse aakazundwa, imulaka wa Cigiliki alimwi azilengwa zyakazulila mubwami boonse.
IMWAALUMI WAKALI KUCITA MILIMO YOONSE EYI
Icintu cakali kupa kuti basikalumamba bana Makedoniya kabakamantene mumyaka iili mbwiibede yakuzunda, nciimo ca Alesandro. Alesandro wakalaa cilengwa cakuswaya basikalumamba balicisa zyamana nkondo, ikulanga zilonda zyabo, ikubalumbaizya akaambo kamicito yabo yabusicamba alimwi akubapa mali akaambo kakuzwidilila kwabo. Ikujatikizya baabo bakali kufwa munkondo, Alesandro wakali kucita bubambe bwakuti bazikkwe kabotu. Ibazyali alimwi abana babaabo baalumi bakali kufwa bakali kuzwisigwa amulongo wakutela mitelo yoonse alimwi amilimo yamisyobo yoonse. Ikutegwa baumwe luwo yamana nkondo, Alesandro wakali kucita misobano alimwi amizundano. Mane kuciindi cimwi wakacita bubambe bwakuti bakalyookezye baalumi abo bakazwide aakukwata ikutegwa bakonzye kukkala abanakazi babo mainza ku Makedoniya. Imicito ili boobu yakapa kuti bamuyande kapati alimwi akumulombozya baalumi bakwe.
Ikujatikizya lukwatano lwa Alesandro a Roxana Mwanaa Mwami, sikulemba zyabuumi bwabantu imuna Giliki Plutarch, wakalemba kuti: “Ee, cakali cisyabo ncobeni, pele aciindi mpoonya cakali kuboneka kuti cileelela ikweelana amakanze ngaakajisi. Cakabakkomanisya bantu mbaakazunda ikubona kuti wasala mukaintu kuzwa akati kabo alimwi cakali kubapa kumuyandisya kapati kubona kuti nokuba kuti wakali aluyando luli boobu oyu mwaalumi wiinda kulijata, wakalilesya koonana anguwe kusikila mane wamukwata mumulawo alimwi munzila yabulemu.”
Alimwi Alesandro wakali kuzilemeka zikwati zyabamwi. Nokuba kuti mukaintu wa Mwami Dariyo wakali muzike wakwe, wakali kubona kuti walanganizigwa cabulemu. Alimwi mbwaakazibila buyo kuti basikalumamba bobile bana Makedoniya bajata bamakaintu babeenzu bamwi, wakalailila kuti bajayigwe ikuti naa bajanika balaa mulandu.
Alesandro wakali muntu mukombi kapati mbubwenya mbuli banyina ba Olympias. Wakali kutuula katanaunka kunkondo alimwi aapiluka alimwi wakali kubuzya kubasondi bakwe kujatiziya ncozyakali kwiiminina zintu zimwi zyamalweza. Alimwi wakali kubuzya-buzya akuli baleza ba Amon ku Libya. Elyo ku Babuloni wakali kutobela malailile aaba Kasidi kujatikizya kutuula ikapati kuli leza wa Babuloni, Beli (Marduki).
Nokuba kuti Alesandro tanaakali kuciindizya kumakani aakulya, kumbele wakazyooba muntu uuciindizya kunywa. Wakali kunga ulalabalika naakali kunywa waini akulilumbaizya kujatikizya kuzwidilila kwakwe. Icintu cakaindila kubija ncaakacita Alesandro, nkujaya mweenzinyina Clitus nobakanyemezyanya kabakoledwe. Pele Alesandro wakalitongooka kapati cakuti wakalede buyo mubulo kwamazuba otatwe kakunyina akulya naa kunywa. Limwi beenzinyina bakakonzya kumukombelezya kuti alye.
Mukuya kwamazuba, iluyandisisyo lwakubaa bulemu ndwaakajisi Alesandro lwakaleta tulengwa tumbi tubyaabi. Wakatalika kusyoma twaambo twakubeja kakunyina akubuzisya alimwi wakatalika kupa cisubulo cipenzya kapati. Mucikozyanyo, naakacengwa kuti Philotas wakalijatikizidwe mumakanze aakusola kumujaya, Alesandro wakalailila kuti ajaigwe antoomwe ausyi Parmenio, sikulaya ngwaakali kusyoma kapati musyule.
IKUZUNDWA KWA ALESANDRO
Mbwaakapilukila buyo ku Babuloni Alesandro, wakaciswa bulwazi bwantuntumaanzi bwalo bwatakamuleka pe. Mu June 13, 323 B.C.E. naakamana kupona kwamyaka iili buyo 32 amyezi iili lusele, Alesandro wakalibombya kuli sinkondo ulaanguzu kapati, ilufwu.
Cakacitika mbubwenya mbubakaamba baalumi basongo bamwi bana India kuti: “O Mwami Alesandro, imuntu amuntu upegwa buyo nyika iili mbwiibede mbuli waawa mpotwiimvwi; aboobo yebo mboli muntu mbuli bantu bamwi, kunze buyo lyakuti uli muntu similimo alimwi uuzumanana, uleendeenda anyika eyi iili kulamfwu akumunzi wako, walipenzya alimwi wapenzya bamwi. Pele talikoolampa pe, uyoofwa elyo uyoopegwa buyo kanyika kali mbukabede anyika ikakkwana buyo kuzikkwa kwako.”
NCINZI NCOMWAIYA?
• Ino Alesandro Mupati wakakomena buti?
• Naakamana buyo kukkala acuuno cabwami ku Makedoniya, mulimo nzi ngwaakatalika kucita Alesandro?
• Amupandulule kuzunda kwa Alesandro kumwi?
• Ncinzi cikonzya kwaambwa kujatikizya ciimo ca Alesandro?
[Maapu]
(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)
IKUZUNDA KWA ALESANDRO
MAKEDONIYA
EGEPITA
Babuloni
Imulonga wa Indus
[Cifwanikiso]
Alesandro
[Cifwanikiso]
Aristotle asicikolo wakwe Alesandro
[Cifwanikiso]
[Cifwanikiso]
Imendulo yaambwa kuti itondezya Alesandro Mupati
[Kabbokesi/Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 162-163]
IBWAMI BUPATI BWAANDAANIZIGWA
IKUJATIKIZYA bwami bwa Alesandro Mupati, Ibbaibbele lyakasinsima kuti buyoomwaika akwaandana pele ‘kutali kulunyungu lwakwe.’ (Daniele 11:3, 4) Ikweelana ambukwakaambidwe, mukati kamyaka iili 14 kuzwa naakafwa Alesandro mu 323 B.C.E., imwanaakwe Alesandro Wane alimwi amwanaakwe wamusokwe Heracles bakajaigwa.
Ikusika mumwaka wa 301 B.C.E., ibapati babasikalumamba bone iba Alesandro bakalipa zyuuno akweendelezya bwami bupati bwalo mbwaakayaka musololi wabo. Sikalumamba Cassander wakali kweendelezya Makedoniya acisi caba Giliki. Sikalumamba Lysimachus wakeendelezya cisi ca Asia Minor alimwi aca Thrace. Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator wakaunka ku Mesopotamiya alimwi acisi ca Aramu. Elyo Ptolemy Lagus naa Ptolemy Wakusaanguna wakeendelezya Egepita a Palestine. Aboobo mubwami bupati bomwe ibwa Alesandro, kwakabuka mami aabu Helene naa aabu Giliki one.
Akati kamami one aabu Helene, ibulelo bwa Cassander mbubwakali bufwaafwi kapati. Imyaka misyoonto buyo kuzwa naakatalika kulela Cassander, imulongo wabaalumi mumukowa wakwe bakamana aboobo mu 285 B.C.E., Lysimachus wakabweza cibeela caku Europe ca Bwami bwaba Giliki. Nokwakainda myaka yone, Lysimachus wakajayigwa munkondo kuli Seleucus Wakusaanguna Nicator, calo cakapa kuti atalike kweendelezya cibeela cipati camasi aaku Asia. Seleucus wakaba mwami wakusaanguna akati kamulongo wabami bana Seleucus ibaku Aramu. Wakatalisya Antiokeya mu Aramu akuucita kuti ube ngomunzi wakwe mupati mupya. Seleucus wakajayigwa mu 281 B.C.E. pele mulongo wabami ngwaakatalisya wakazumanana kulela kusikila mu 64 B.C.E. ciindi Mupati wabasikalumba muna Roma, Pompey naakabamba cisi ca Aramu kuti cibe cooko ca Roma.
Akati kazibeela zyone zyabwami bwa Alesandro, ibwami bwa Ptolemy mbubwakatola ciindi cilamfwu kwiinda oonse. Ptolemy Wakusaanguna wakatalika kwiitwa kuti mwami mu 305 B.C.E. aboobo wakaba wakusaanguna akati kamami oonse aaku Makedoniya naa bama Farao bana Egepita. Imunzi wa Alesandriya naakaucita kuti ube munzi mupati, wakatalika pulogilamu yakusumpula madolopo ndilyonya. Umwi wamilimo yakwe yamayake mipati ngwaakacita ngwakuyaka Laibbulali iidumide yamu Alesandriya. Ptolemy wakaleta Demetrius Phalereus syaabupampu uudumide muna Atene kuzwa kucisi caba Giliki ikuti ayendelezye mulimo oyu mupati. Kwaambwa kuti, ikusika mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna C.E., ilaibbulali eyi yakajisi mabbuku aasika kukaulunzuma. Ibami bamumulongo wa Ptolemy bakazumanana kulela mu Egepita kusika nobakazundwa kuba Roma mu 30 B.C.E. Mpoonya icisi ca Roma cakabweza busena bwacisi caba Giliki akuba cisi ceendelezya nyika yoonse.
NCINZI NCOMWAIYA?
• Ino bwami bwa Alesandro ibupati bwakaandaanizigwa buti?
• Ino mulongo wabami bana Seleucus wakalela kusikila lili mucisi ca Aramu?
• Ino bwami bwa Ptolemy bwamu Egepita bwakamana lili?
[Maapu iili apeeji 163]
(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)
IKUMWAIKA KWA BWAMI BWA ALESANDRO
Cassander
Lysimachus
Ptolemy I
Seleucus I
[Zifwanikiso]
Ptolemy I
Seleucus I
[Citondezyo/Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 139]
(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)
IMASI AAYENDELEZYA NYIKA AAMUBUSINSIMI BWA DANIELE
Icikozyanyo cipati (Daniele 2:31-45)
Banyama bapati bone bazwa mulwizi (Daniele 7:3-8, 17, 25)
BABULONI kuzwa mu 607 B.C.E.
MEDIYA A PERSIA kuzwa mu 539 B.C.E.
CISI CABA GILIKI kuzwa mu 331 B.C.E
ROMA kuzwa mu 30 B.C.E.
BWAMI BWEENDELEZYA NYIKA BWA BRITAIN A AMELIKA (ANGLO-AMERICA) kuzwa mu 1763 C.E.
INYIKA YAANDANIZIGWA KWEELANA AMASI kuciindi cakumamanino
[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 128]
[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 147]
