NZYOBAAMBA BAMWI. Buumi bwakalitalikila kuzwa kuzintu izitaponi.

IKAAMBO BAMWI NCOBABUDOONEKA BWIINGUZI OOBU. Kwiinda kaindi, basayaansi lino balijisi luzyibo lunji mu chemistry alimwi amutubeela-beela itupanga buumi tutegwa molecules mbotupangidwe, pele tabakonzyi ikwaamba mubwini kuti buumi ninzi. Kuli kwiindana kupati kapati kuliko akati kazintu zitaponi alimwi azyeezyo izipona nokuba kuti twazyeezyanisya kuseelo.

Basayaansi inga tiibacikonzya kwaamba bwini zintu mbozyakabede anyika myaka minji yainda. Bajisi mizeezo iindene-indene kujatikizya nkobwakatalikila buumi—mucikozyanyo, tabazyi naa bwakatalika akaambo kakubboloka kwakacitika, naa bwakatalikila kunsi aalwizi. Alimwi basyoma kuti, zintu izyakapa kuti kube buumi, zyakasaanguna kulibamba kubusena bumwi ibuli mububumbo mpoonya zyakaboola anyika kazili mumabwe aabboloka kuba mulilo naasika anyika. Pele eeci taciinguli mubuzyo uujatikizya mbobwakatalika buumi; caamba buyo kuti kuli nkobwakatalikila buumi.

Basayaansi bayeeyela kuti kuli tubeela-beela tutegwa molecules itwakaliko kabatanazyiba tubeela itupanga buumi ituliko lino (genetic material). Kwaambwa kuti ma molecules aaya alakonzya kulitalikila alikke kuzwa kuzintu zitaponi alimwi akulipanga alikke. Pele basayaansi kunyina bumboni mbobajana ibutondezya kuti kwakali ma molecules aali boobu alimwi kunyina nobacikonzya kupanga ma molecules aali boobu mulaabbu.

Zintu zipona zililibedelede kujatikizya mboziyobola alimwi akweendelezya twaambo. Maseelo alatuma, kusandulula, alimwi akunyamuna malailile aali mu genetic code yanjiyo. Basayaansi bamwi beezyanisya genetic code kupulogilamu yakkompyuta (software) alimwi amboipangidwe seelo kuzibeela zyakkompyuta (hardware). Pele njiisyo yakusanduka taikonzyi kupandulula nkwaazwa malailile mu genetic code.

Ma molecules aajisi ma protein alayandika kutegwa seelo icikonzye kubeleka. Molecule iijisi ma protein inga ipangidwe ama amino acid manji kaanungene mbuli ntambo munzila iilibedelede. Kuyungizya waawo, molecule iijisi ma protein yeelede kulivwunga muzibeela zyotatwe izigaminide kutegwa ibeleke. Basayaansi bamwi baamba kuti tacikonzyeki kuti molecule yomwe iijisi ma protein inga yalipanga ilikke. Syaazibwene mulwiiyo lwa Physics Paul Davies, wakalemba kuti: “Mbwaanga seelo iibeleka iyandika ma protein manji, cilakatazya kusyoma kuti yakalipanga ilikke cakutayeeyela.”

ABOOBO INGA TWAAMBA KUTI, buvwuntauzi ibwakacitwa kwamyaka minji mumbazu zyoonse zyasayaansi butondezya kuti buumi buzwa buyo kubuumi.

NZYOBAAMBA BAMWI. Cintu cakasaanguna kupona, asyoonto-asyoonto cakatalika kuba zintu zipona ziindene-indene, kubikkilizya abantu, kwiinda munzila iitegwa random mutation alimwi a natural selection.

IKAAMBO BAMWI NCOBABUDOONEKA BWIINGUZI OOBU. Maseelo amwi apangidwe munzila iikatazya kumvwisya kwiinda aambi. Kweelana a Britannica Online Encyclopedia, kwaambwa kuti maseelo mbwaacinca kuba maseelo aakatazya kumvwisya “ncecintu cikatazya kapati kumvwisya mumakani aakusanduka kunze lyamubuzyo uujatikizya mbobwakatalika buumi.”

Basayaansi bajana kuti mukati kamaseelo kuli ma molecule aamwi aakatazya kumvwisya aajisi ma protein alo aabelekela antoomwe mukucita milimo iikatazya iindene-indene. Milimo eeyi ibikkilizya kutola akucinca busani kutegwa seelo ibe anguzu, kubambulula zibeela zyaseelo alimwi akutuma milumbe mukati kaseelo. Sena random mutations alimwi a natural selection zilakonzya kupa kuti zintu kazicitwa munzila iikatazya boobu museelo? Bantu banji cilabakatazya kwaazumina makani aaya.

Banyama alimwi abantu bazwa kuji lyomwe ciindi munyama naa muntu naamita. Mukati kadowalowa, maseelo alavwula akutalika kucita milimo iindene-indene, kaapangidwe munzila iindene-indene kutegwa apange zibeela zyamubili. Njiisyo yakusanduka taipandululi seelo imwi aimwi “mboizyiba” ncoyeelede kuba alimwi ankoyeelede kuunka mukati kamubili wacintu cuumi.

Basayaansi lino babona kuti kutegwa musyobo umwi wamunyama ukomene kuba munyama uumbi, inga kwayandika kuti zintu zimwi zicince mukati kaseelo ikapati ma molecule. Mbwaanga basayaansi tabakonzyi kutondezya kusanduka mbokukonzya kupa kuti seelo “iitakatazyi kumvwisya” ipangwe, sena inga twasyoma kuti random mutations alimwi a natural selection nzezyakapa kuti kube banyama baindene-indene anyika? Kujatikizya mbobaboneka banyama, syaazibwene mulwiiyo lwasayaansi iijatikizya biology, Michael Behe waamba kuti nokuba kuti buvwuntauzi “bwayubununa zintu zikatazya kumvwisya nzyotwatakali kulangila, pele kunyina cacitwa kujatikizya kumvwisya zintu eezyi zikatazya mbozyakali kukonzya kubako ikuti naa zyakalipanga zilikke.”

Bantu inga balazyiba zintu, balakonzya kuyeeya alimwi balijisi bube mbuli bwaabi, kulyaaba alimwi akuzyiba zintu ziluzi azitaluzi. Random mutations alimwi a natural selection tazikonzyi kupandulula ikaambo muntu ncajisi bube ibulibedelede boobu.

ABOOBO INGA TWAAMBA KUTI, nokuba kuti banji balazumanana kwaamba kuti buumi bwakabako kwiinda mukusanduka akuti njiisyo eeyi njamasimpe, bamwi tabakkutili abwiinguzi mbobapa aabo basyoma mukusanduka kujatikizya buumi mbobwakatalika alimwi ambobwakabako.