Sena Myaambo Yesu Yakazwa Ku “Ngazi Yaku Babelo”?

“Jehova wakabamwaisya nkukonya oko, koonse koonse ansi, aboobo bakaleka kuyaka munzi. Nciceeco oyo munzi ncowakaambilwa kuti ngu-Babelo, nkaambo nkukonya oko Jehova nkwaakapilinganinya mwaambo wanyika, alimwi kuzwa oko Jehova wakabapalanganya koonse koonse ansi.”—Matalikilo 11: 8, 9.

SENA aaya makani aalembedwe mu Bbaibbele akacitika ncobeni? Sena bantu bakatalika kwaambaula myaambo iindene-indene aciindi comwe mbuli mbokulembedwe? Bamwi balacisampaula cibalo camu Bbaibbele icaamba mboyakatalika myaambo alimwi amboyakamwaika. Mulembi umwi, wakaamba kuti: “Makani aajatikizya Ngazi yaku Babelo ncaano cabufwubafwuba ciinda zyaano zyoonse izyakaambwa.” Naba mwiiyi mu Juda umwi awalo wakaamba kuti “kupandulula mbozyakatalisyigwa zisi munzila eeyi citondezya kubula luzyibo.”

Nkaambo nzi bantu ncobataazumini makani aajatikizya Babelo? Mubufwaafwi, nkaambo kakuti alakazyanya anjiisyo zimwi izipandulula mboyakatalika myaambo. Mucikozyanyo, basyaazibwene bamwi baamba kuti myaambo tiiyakatalika aciindi comwe, pele yakasanduka buya asyoonto-syoonto kuzwa “kumwaambo omwe wakusaanguna.” Bamwi baamba kuti myaambo yakusaanguna minji iindene-indene yakatalika aimwi kaili ilikke, yakali kuyaabusumpuka kuzwa kucoongo caansaansi limwi buya yatalika kwaambwa munzila iitobeleka. Eezyi alimwi anjiisyo zimwi zikazyanya zyapa bantu banji kuti bazumine makani ngaakalemba syaazibwene wazyina lya W. T. Fitch iwakalemba mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Evolution of Language kuti: “Tatunajana bwiinguzi busika amoyo.”

Ino basikuvwukkula zyintu zyakaindi abasikuvwuntauzya bajana nzi kujatikizya mboyakatalika alimwi amboyakali kuyaabusumpuka myaambo yabantu? Sena bumboni mbobajana buleendelana anjiisyo zimwi nzyobaamba bantu bamwi? Sena nzyobajana zileendelana acibalo icaamba zya Babelo? Cakusaanguna atulange-lange cakusitikila cibalo camu Bbaibbele cijatikizya Babelo.

NKUULI ALIMWI NDILILI NOCAKACITIKA?

Bbaibbele lyaamba kuti kunyongana alimwi akumwaigwa kwamyaambo kwakacitikila “Munyika ya-Sinara,” yalo mukuya kwaciindi yakazyooitwa kuti  Babuloni. (Matalikilo 11:2) Ino ndilili nocakacitika eeci? “Nyika yakaandaanisigwa,”mumazuba aa Pelegi, iwakazyalwa myaka illi 250 katanazyalwa Abrahamu. Aboobo zyintu izyakacitika ku Babelo, zyakacitika myaaka iibalilwa ku 4,200 yainda.—Matalikilo 10:25; 11:18-26

Basyaazibwene bamwi bayiisya kuti myaambo iiliko mazuba aano yakazwa kumwaambo omwe —walo ngobaamba kuti mwaambo wakusanguna alimwi ngobayeeyela kuti wakali kwaambwa abantu myaaka ibalilwa ku 100,000 yainda. * Bamwi baamba kuti myaambo iiliko mazuba aano ilikozyenye amyaambo minji yakali kukananwa myaaka iibalilwa ku 6,000 yainda. Pele ino basyaazibwene bazyiba buti mboyakali kuyaabusumpuka myaambo iitako mazuba aano? Magazini imwi iitegwa Economist yakaamba kuti: “Cilakatazya kuzyiba bwini. Mukwiimpana abasyaazibwene mumakani aazyintu zipona balo ibakonzya kuba abumboni kuzwa kuzyintu zyakaindi, basyaazibwene mumyaambo tabajisi cikonzya kubagwasya kucita oobo.” Magazini eeyi ilayungizya kwaamba kuti umwi syaazibwene mumyaambo, kutegwa ajane bumboni “ubalila buyo manamba cakuyeeyela.”

Nokuba boobo, nkwaali “malembe aakaindi aamba mboyakatalika myaambo.” Ino malembe nzi aaya, alimwi ayubununa nzi kujatikizya mboyakatalika myaambo yabantu? Bbuku litegwa The New Encyclopædia Britannica lipandulula kuti: “Mabbuku aakusanguna aajisi mwaambo uulembedwe, kaali malembe akaindi alikke bantu ngobanga balombozya kujana, akalembwa myaka iibalilwa buyo ku 4,000, naa 5,000 yainda.” Ino nkuuli basikuvwukkula zyintu nkobakajana “malembe aakaindi aamba mboyakatalika myaambo” alimwi amabbuku aajisi “mwaambo uulembedwe”? Nkuu Mesopotamiya nkoili kumusanza—ikwakali Sinara * wakaindi. Aboobo bumboni oobu buliko, buleendelana atwaambo twamasimpe tulembedwe mu Bbaibbele.

MYAAMBO IINDENE, KUYEEYA KWIINDENE

Bbaibbele lyaamba kuti ku Babelo, Leza ‘wakapilinganya mwaambo wabo, kuti batateelezyanyi nekuba kumvwa mwaambo umwi aumwi wamweenzinyina.’ (Matalikilo 11:7) Icakatobela ncakuti ibakali kubeleka “bakaleka kuyaka munzi” wa Babelo alimwi bakapalangana “koonse koonse ansi.” (Matalikilo 11: 8, 9) Aboobo Bbaibbele talyaambi kuti myaambo yoonse iiliko mazuba aano yakazwa “kumwaambo omwe wakusaanguna.” Muciindi caboobo, lyaamba mboyakatalika myaambo mipya iindene-indene aumwi kaukonzya kupandulula mbobalimvwa bantu, mbobayeeya alimwi mwaambo umwi aumwi kawiindene ayeeyo imbi.

Ino mbuti kujatikizya misyobo-misyobo yamyaambo iiliko mazuba aano? Sena ilikozyene naa iliindene? Ba Lera Boroditsky basyaazibwene musayaansi iijatikizya kuzyiba muntu mbwayeeya, bakalemba kuti: “Ciindi basyaazibwene mumyaambo nobakavwuntauzya myaambo iili munyika (iili 7,000 naa kwiinda aawo, bakalanga-langa buyo myaambo misyoonto akati kanjiyo) kwakajanika kuti bakajisi mizeezo iindene kapati.” Nokuba kuti myaambo yakubusena bomwe inga kaikozyenye, mbuli mwaambo waku China waci Cantonese alimwi awaci Hakka, eeyi myaambo iliindene kapati amyaambo yakubusena bumbi, mbuli mwaambo waku West Catalan alimwi awaku Valencia ku Spain.

Myaambo ilabajatikizya bantu mbobayeeya alimwi ambobapandulula zyintu zibazingulukide mbuli mubala wazyintu, kuvwula kwazyintu alimwi abusena.  Mucikozyanyo, mumwaambo umwi muntu ulakonzya kwaamba kuti, “Kuli kauka ajanza lyako lyalulyo.” Pele mumwaambo umwi muntu ulakonzya kwaamba kuti, “Kuli kauka ajanza lyako lyakumusanza lwaambo.” Kwiindana kuli boobu kulakonzya kunyonganya. Nkakaambo kaako aabo bakali kuyaka ku Babelo, cakabaalila kuzumanana amayake aabo.

COONGO CAANSAANSI NAA KWAAMBAULA MAJWI AATOBELEKA?

Ino mwaambo wakusaanguna wakali buti? Bbaibbele lyaamba kuti muntu wakusaanguna, Adamu, wakali kukonzya kwaamba mabala mapya ciindi naakali kupa mazyina banyama boonse alimwi abayuni. (Matalikilo 2:20) Adamu alimwi wakaamba mbwaakali kulimvwa kujatikizya mukaintu wakwe kwiinda mukubelesya majwi akweema, awalo mukaintu wakapandulula kabotu nzyaakaamba Leza kujatikizya zyakali kuyoobacitikila kuti tiibamumvwida. (Matalikilo 2:23; 3:1-3) Aboobo, mwaambo wakusaanguna wakapa kuti bantu kababandika alimwi akwaamba mbobalimvwa munzila iitobeleka.

Kunyonganizyigwa kwamyaambo ku Babelo kwakapa kuti bantu cibayumine kubelekela amwi. Pele myaambo yabo mipya, mbubwenya mbuli mwaambo wakusaanguna, yakali kulimvwisya alimwi akutobeleka. Mumyaanda yamyaka misyoonto buyo, bantu bakayaka minzi mipati, bakabunganya makamu aabasikalumamba basinguzu alimwi akucita makwebo aacitwa akati kazisi. (Matalikilo 13:12; 14:1-11; 37:25) Sena nibakacikonzya kusumpuka munzila eeyi nobatakali kubelesya mwaambo uutobeleka? Kweelana a Bbaibbele ncolyaamba, mwaambo ngobakali kwaambaula bantu bakusaanguna alimwi amyaambo yakatalisyigwa ku Babelo, yoonse yakali kulimvwisya alimwi akutobeleka.

Buvwuntauzi bwamazuba aano bulaazuminizya makani aaya. Bbuku litegwa The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language lyaamba kuti: “Nokwakacitwa buvwuntauzi kujatikizya zilengwa zyabantu bamisyobo iindene-indene, kwakajanika kuti nokuba kuti mwaambo umwi wakali kubonwa kuti ngwabantu batasumpukide, pele wakali kutobeleka mbubwenya mbuli myaambo iimwi yaambwa kuti njabantu bamuzisi zisumpukide.” Abalo ba Steven Pinker, basyaazibwene baku Harvard College, mubbuku lyabo litegwa The Language Instinct bakaamba kuti: “Kunyina mwaambo uunga waambwa kuti tausumpukide.”

MBOIYOOBA MYAAMBO KUMBELE

Notwamana kulanga-langa mbwaali aakaindi alimwi abusena nkwaakajanwa “malembe aakaindi aamba mboyakatalika myaambo,” alimwi akwiindana kuliko akati kamyaambo alimwi amboyakasumpukide myaambo yakaindi, ino mbupanduluzi nzi mbotukonzya kusyoma mumakani aaya? Banji baamba kuti ncolyaamba Bbaibbele kujatikizya cakacitika ku Babelo mbobupanduluzi busyomeka.

Bbaibbele litwaambila kuti Jehova wakaipilinganya myaambo yabantu akaambo kakuti bakamuzangila. (Matalikilo 11:4-7) Nokuba boobo, wakasyomezya kuti ‘uyoosandula mwaambo wabantu akubapa mwaambo uusalala, kuti boonse bakwiilile izina lya-Jehova akumumanina milimo camoyo woonse.’ (Zefaniya 3: 9) “Mwaambo uusalala” ooyu, nkokuti kasimpe ikali mu Jwi lya Leza, kalabakamantanya bantu boonse ibazwa muzisi ziinde-indene mazuba aano. Aboobo, kulibonya kuti kumbele Leza uyookamantanya bantu kwiinda mukubapa mwaambo omwe, kutegwa kupilingana kwamyaambo kwakacitika ku Babelo, kumane.

[Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe]

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 10]

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 11]

Cikaye cijisi malembe a cuneiform, kuzwa ku Mesopotamiya, third millenium B.C.E.

[Kalumba]

Erich Lessing/​Art Resource, NY

[Kabbokesi kali apeeji 12]

TWAANO TUKOZYENYE AMAKANI AAMU BBAIBBELE

Mboobu mbocitalika caano icakaanwa abamusyobo wabantu bakkala muzilundu ku Myanmar: “Mbukaaninga, kaindi-kaindi bantu boonse bakali kukkala mumunzi omwe mupati, alimwi bakali kwaambaula mwaambo omwe.” Caano eeci cilazumanana kwaamba kuti nobakali kuyaka ngazi ndamfwu, basikuyaka, “buce-buce bakaba azilengwa zisiyene, alimwi bakatalika kwaambaula myaambo iisiyene-siyene, [mukuya kwaciindi] bakamwaikila mumasena manji.” Twaano tuliboobu tulajanika akati kabantu bamu Africa, East Asia, Mexico alimwi akumanyika amwi.

Ikuti naakali akulipangila makani aajatikizya Babelo ngaakalemba Musa, mulembi wabbuku lya Matalikilo, sena naakajanika mutwaano twabantu bakkala mumasena aali kulamfwu alimwi amumyaambo yabantu iisiyene-siyene? Eeco tacilangilwi pe. Aboobo, akaambo kakuti zyaano zisiyene-siyene zili boobu nkozili, cipa bumboni businizyide bwakuti makani aamu Bbaibbele aajatikizya Babelo ngamasimpe.