Xana A Wu Swi Tiva?

Ha yini Xikwembu xi hlawule switsatsatsa leswaku xi phamela Vaisrayele loko va ri emananga?

▪ Endzhaku ka loko Vaisrayele va hume aEgipta, Xikwembu xi va nyike nyama yo tala ya switsatsatsa ku ringana kambirhi.—Eksoda 16:13; Tinhlayo 11:31.

Switsatsatsa i swinyenyana leswitsongo, leswi leheke tisentimitara ta kwalomu ka 18 naswona swi tika tigiramu ta kwalomu ka 100. Loko swi wundla mavondlo swi heta nkarhi wo tala swi ri evupela-dyambu bya Asia na Yuropa. Loko ku fika xixika, swinyenyana leswi swi rhurha swi ya eN’walungu wa Afrika na Arabiya. Hi nguva ya ku rhurha ka swona, ntlawa wo tala wa swinyenyana wu tsemakanya vuxa bya timbuwa ta Lwandle ra Mediteraniya kutani swi hahela eNhlohleni ya Sinayi.

Hi ku ya hi The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, switsatsatsa “swi haha hi ku hatlisa naswona kahle, swi kongoma laha moya wu yaka kona; kambe loko moya wu cinca ndlela kumbe swinyenyana swi karhala hileswi swi haheke nkarhi wo leha, swinyenyana hinkwaswo swi phatsama ehansi laha swi fikaka swi etlela.” Loko swi nga si ya emahlweni ni riendzo ra swona, swi fanele swi wisa ehansi ku ringana siku rin’we kumbe mambirhi, laha vahloti va kotaka ku swi phasa hi ku olova. Eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-20, tiko ra Egipta a ri xavisela matiko man’wana switsatsatsa swa kwalomu ka timiliyoni tinharhu lembe ni lembe tanihi swakudya.

Minkarhi mimbirhi leyi Vaisrayele va phameriweke switsatsatsa ha yona a ku ri ximun’wana. Hambileswi nkarhi na nkarhi switsatsatsa a swi hahela endhawini ya le Sinayi hi nkarhi wolowo, i Yehovha loyi endleke leswaku “ku pfuka mheho” leyi endleke leswaku swinyenyana sweswo swi wela laha Vaisrayele a va dzime mixaxa ya vona.—Tinhlayo 11:31.

Xana a ku ri yini “nkhuvo wa ku nyiketela” lowu boxiweke eka Yohane 10:22?

▪ Minkhuvo yinharhu leyi vekiweke leyi Xikwembu xi leriseke Vayuda leswaku va yi tlangela—Nkhuvo wa Swinkwa swo Kala Comela, Nkhuvo wa Pentekosta ni Nkhuvo wa ku Hlengeletiwa—a yi endliwa eku sunguleni ka ximun’wana, eku heleni ka ximun’wana ni hi xixikana. Hambiswiritano, nkhuvo lowu boxiweke eka Yohane 10:22 a wu endliwa hi “vuxika” naswona a ku tsundzukiwa ku nyiketeriwa nakambe ka tempele ya Yehovha hi 165 B.C.E. A wu teka masiku ya nhungu, ku sukela hi siku ra vu-25 ra n’hweti ya Kislevhe, leri nga ekusuhi ni ku tsema nguva ya xixika. I yini lexi endleke leswaku ku va ni nkhuvo lowu?

Hi 168 B.C.E., hosi Antiochus wa Vumune (Epiphanes) wa ndyangu wa Seleucid wa le Siriya, matshalatshala yakwe a ku ri ku herisa vugandzeri bya Vayuda ni mikhuva ya vona hi ku endla leswaku alitari ya vuhedeni yi yimisiwa ehenhla ka alitari leyi nga etempeleni ya Yehovha le Yerusalema. Eka yona, a a nyikela xitlhavelo eka Zewusi xikwembu xa Magriki.

Xiendlakalo lexi xi endle leswaku ku va ni Vamaccabee lava xandzukeke. Murhangeri wa Muyuda, Judas Maccabaeus u lwe na Seleucid leswaku a n’wi tekela vulawuri bya Yerusalema kutani a lerisa leswaku ku mbundzumuxiwa alitari hikuva a yi nyamisiwe hi vugandzeri bya vuhedeni kutani ku akiwa leyintshwa. Endzhaku ka malembe manharhu loko alitari yi ta va yi nyamisiwe ro sungula, Judas u tlhele a nyiketela tempele leyi baseke eka Yehovha. ‘Nkhuvo lowu wa ku nyiketela’ (lowu hi Xiheveru wu vuriwaka chanuk·kahʹ) a wu tlangeriwa hi December hi Vayuda ku sukela hi siku rero. Namuntlha, nkhuvo wolowo wu vitaniwa Hanukkah.

[Xifaniso lexi nga eka tluka 14]

Xingwece lexi kombisaka Judas Maccabaeus, Lyon, 1553

[Laha Xifaniso Xi Humaka Kona eka tluka 14]

From the book Scripture Natural History. Illustrated. 1876