Moya Lowo Kwetsima I Yini?
Nhlamulo ya Bibele
Moya lowo kwetsima i matimba ya Xikwembu lama tirhaka. (Mikiya 3:8; Luka 1:35) Xikwembu xi tirhisa matimba ya xona endhawini yin’wana ni yin’wana leswaku xi hetisisa ku rhandza ka xona.—Pisalema 104:30; 139:7.
EBibeleni, rito “moya” ri hundzuluxeriwe ku suka eka rito ra Xiheveru leri nge ruʹach ni rito ra Xigriki leri nge pneuʹma. Hakanyingi marito wolawo ma kombetela eka matimba ya Xikwembu lama tirhaka kumbe moya lowo kwetsima. (Genesa 1:2) Hambiswiritano, Bibele yi tlhela yi tirhisa marito wolawo hi tindlela tin’wana:
Hefemula.—Habakuku 2:19; Nhlavutelo 13:15.
Mheho.—Genesa 8:1; Yohane 3:8.
Matimba eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.—Yobo 34:14, 15.
Langutelo ra munhu.—Tinhlayo 14:24.
Vanhu va moya ku katsa ni Xikwembu swin’we ni tintsumi.—1 Tihosi 22:21; Yohane 4:24.
Tinhlamuselo leti hinkwato ti kombisa leswaku ku ni nchumu wo karhi lowu nga vonakiki eka vanhu lowu endlaka swilo leswi vonakaka. Hilaha ku fanaka, moya wa Xikwembu “ku fana ni mheho, a wu vonaki naswona wu ni matimba.”—An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, hi W. E. Vine.
Bibele yi tlhela yi kombetela eka moya lowo kwetsima wa Xikwembu tanihi “mavoko” kumbe “tintiho” ta xona. (Pisalema 8:3; 19:1; Luka 11:20; ringanisa na Matewu 12:28.) Tanihi leswi munhu loyi a nga ni vutshila a tirhisaka mavoko ni tintiho takwe leswaku a endla ntirho wakwe, Xikwembu xi tirhise moya wa xona lowo kwetsima leswaku xi endla swilo swo tanihi leswi landzelaka:
Vuako hinkwabyo.—Pisalema 33:6; Esaya 66:1, 2.
Bibele.—2 Petro 1:20, 21.
Masingita lama endliweke hi malandza ya xona ya le nkarhini wa khale ni ntirho wa wona wo chumayela.—Luka 4:18; Mintirho 1:8; 1 Vakorinto 12:4-11.
Timfanelo letinene leti kombisiweke hi vanhu lava xi yingisaka.—Vagalatiya 5:22, 23.
Moya lowo kwetsima a hi munhu
Loko Bibele yi kombetela eka moya wa Xikwembu tanihi “mavoko,” “tintiho” kumbe “ku hefemula” ka xona, a yi kombisi leswaku moya lowo kwetsima i munhu. (Eksoda 15:8, 10) Mavoko ya munhu loyi a nga ni vutshila a ma nge tirhi handle ka mianakanyo ni miri wakwe; hilaha ku fanaka, moya lowo kwetsima wa Xikwembu wu tirha ntsena loko xi wu kongomisa. (Luka 11:13) Nakambe Bibele yi fanisa moya wa Xikwembu ni mati swin’we ni swilo swo tanihi ripfumelo ni vutivi. Swifananiso leswi hinkwaswo swi kombisa leswaku moya lowo kwetsima a hi munhu.—Esaya 44:3; Mintirho 6:5; 2 Vakorinto 6:6.
Bibele yi boxa vito ra Xikwembu ku nga Yehovha ni ra N’wana wa yena, Yesu Kreste kambe ku hava laha yi vulavulaka hi vito ra moya lowo kwetsima. (Esaya 42:8; Luka 1:31) Loko Stefano Mukreste wa lembe-xidzana ro sungula loyi a dlayiweke hikwalaho ka ripfumelo a kombiwe xivono hi singita etilweni, u vone vanhu vambirhi ntsena ku nga ri vanharhu. Bibele yi ri: “Leswi yena a a tele moya lowo kwetsima, a languta etilweni kutani a vona ku vangama ka Xikwembu na Yesu a yime evokweni ra xinene ra Xikwembu.” (Mintirho 7:55) Moya lowo kwetsima hi wona wu endleke leswaku Stefano a vona xivono lexi.
Mavunwa malunghana ni moya lowo kwetsima
Mavunwa: “Moya lowo Kwetsima” i munhu naswona i xiphemu xa Vunharhu-un’we hilaha swi hlamuseriweke hakona eka 1 Yohane 5:7, 8 eBibeleni ya King James.
Ntiyiso: Eka Bibele ya King James, 1 Yohane 5:7, 8 yi ni marito lama nge, ‘etilweni ku ni Tatana, Rito ni Moya lowo Kwetsima naswona swilo leswinharhu i nchumu wun’we. Kutani ku ni swilo swinharhu leswi nyikelaka vumbhoni emisaveni.’ Hambiswiritano, valavisisi va kume leswaku marito wolawo a ma tsariwanga hi muapostola Yohane hikokwalaho a ma nga fanelanga ma nghenisiwile eBibeleni. Profesa Bruce M. Metzger u tsale a ku: “Marito lawa i mavunwa naswona a ma nga fanelanga ma tsariwile eka Testamente Leyintshwa.”—A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament.
Mavunwa: Bibele yi munuhata moya lowo kwetsima naswona leswi swi kombisa leswaku i munhu.
Ntiyiso: Minkarhi yin’wana Matsalwa ma munuhata moya lowo kwetsima kambe leswi a swi vuli swona leswaku moya lowo kwetsima i munhu. Bibele yi tlhela yi munuhata vutlhari, rifu ni xidyoho. (Swivuriso 1:20; Varhoma 5:17, 21) Hi xikombiso, ku vuriwa leswaku vutlhari byi ni “mintirho” ni “vana” naswona xidyoho xi hlamuseriwa tanihi mukanganyisi, mudlayi ni ku va ni makwanga.—Matewu 11:19; Luka 7:35; Varhoma 7:8, 11.
Hilaha ku fanaka, loko muapostola Yohane a tshaha Yesu, u munuhate moya lowo kwetsima tanihi “mupfuni” loyi a a ta nyikela vumbhoni, kongomisa, vulavula, yingisela, vangamisa ni ku amukela. U tirhise masivi lama kombetelaka eka wanuna loko a vulavula hi “mupfuni” yoloye. (Yohane 16:7-15) Hambiswiritano u endle tano, hikuva rito ra Xigriki leri yimelaka “mupfuni” (pa·raʹkle·tos) i risivi leri kombetelaka eka wanuna naswona ri tirhisaka risivi ra xinuna hi ku ya hi milawu ya ririmi ra Xigriki. Loko Yohane a kombetela eka moya lowo kwetsima, u tirhise risivi leri nge pneuʹma leri nga kombeteliki eka munhu.—Yohane 14:16, 17.
Mavunwa: Ku khuvuriwa hi vito ra moya lowo kwetsima swi vula leswaku moya lowo kwetsima i munhu.
Ntiyiso: Minkarhi yin’wana Bibele yi tirhisa “vito” ku yimela matimba kumbe vulawuri. (Deteronoma 18:5, 19-22; Estere 8:10) Leswi swi fana ni ndlela leyi ri tirhisiweke ha yona eka xiga xa Xinghezi lexi nge ‘hi vito ra nawu,’ leswi nga vuliki swona leswaku nawu i munhu. Munhu loyi a khuvuriwaka “hi vito ra” moya lowo kwetsima u xiya matimba ni ntirho wa moya lowo kwetsima eku hetisiseni ka ku rhandza ka Xikwembu.—Matewu 28:19.
Mavunwa: Vaapostola va Yesu ni vadyondzisiwa van’wana vo sungula a va kholwa leswaku moya lowo kwetsima i munhu.
Ntiyiso: Bibele a yi vuli swona sweswo, hambi ku ri matimu. Encyclopædia Britannica yi ri: “Nhlamuselo ya leswaku Moya lowo Kwetsima i Xikwembu . . . yi huma eka Huvo ya Constantinople hi ad 381.” Leswi swi endleke eka malembe yo tlula 250 endzhaku ka loko muapostola wo hetelela a file.