Kasi Mukumanya?
Kasi ŵanthu mu nyengo yakale ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito malukwa kupangira maboti?
Malukwa
ŴANANDI ŵakumanya kuti kale ku Eguputo ŵanthu ŵakalembanga pa mapepara ghakupangika na malukwa panji kuti mathefwere. Ŵagiriki na Ŵaroma nawo ŵakalembanga pa malukwa. * Kweni malukwa ŵakapangirangaso maboti nangauli mbanthu ŵanandi yayi awo ŵakumanya.
Maboti ghaŵiri ghamalukwa agho ghakasangika mu dindi linyake ku Eguputo
Vyaka 2,500 ivyo vyajumpha, ntchimi Yesaya yikalemba kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga “mu chigaŵa cha milonga ya Etiyopiya” ŵakatuma ‘nthumi pa nyanja, zikambuka maji mu ngalaŵa zamalukwa.’ Pamanyuma, ntchimi Yeremiya yikayowoyerathu kuti para Ŵamedi na Ŵaperesiya ŵazamuwukira msumba wa Ŵababuloni ŵazamotcha ‘maboti ghawo ghamalukwa’ mwakuti ŵaleke kuchimbira.—Yes. 18:1, 2; Yer. 51:32.
Baibolo ndakufuma kwa Chiuta, ntheura awo ŵakusambira Baibolo ŵakuzizwa yayi kupulika kuti ŵasayansi ŵakufukura vyapasi ŵali kusanga vinthu ivyo vikulongora kuti mu nyengo yakale ŵanthu ŵakapanganga maboti ghamalukwa. (2 Tim. 3:16) Kasi ŵanthu aŵa ŵasanga vichi? Ŵasayansi ŵakufukura vyapasi ŵali kusanga ukaboni wakukwana wakuti ku Eguputo ŵakapanganga maboti ghamalukwa.
KASI MABOTI GHAMALUKWA ŴAKAPANGANGA WULI?
Mu madindi gha ku Eguputo, mukaŵa vyakujambura na vyakujoba mu viliŵa ivyo vikulongora umo ŵakatemeranga malukwa na kupanga maboti. Ŵanthu ŵakadumuranga mithibiti ya malukwa, kuyikaka tumphundwe, kufuma apo tumphundwe tura ŵakatukakanga pamoza. Muthibiti wa malukwa uli na makona ghatatu. Ntheura para ŵaghabamphika na kughakakilira pamoza ghakumatana, ndipo ghakukorana chomene. Buku linyake (A Companion to Ancient Egypt) likuti maboti ghamalukwa ghakafikanga mamita 17 (mafiti 55) muutali, ndipo likaŵanga na nkhafi 10 panji 12 kulwande lililose.
Vinthu vyakujoba vyakale vya ku Eguputo vyakulongora umo ŵakapangiranga maboti ghamalukwa
CHIFUKWA WULI ŴAKAGWILISKIRANGA NTCHITO MALUKWA?
Malukwa ghakasangikanga chomene mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Nayelo. Chinyake ntchakuti maboti agha ghakaŵa ghapusu kughapanga. Nanga ni apo ŵanthu ŵakamba kupanga maboti ghakuru ghamakuni, vikuwoneka kuti ŵalovi na ŵanthu ŵakuzengera nyama ŵakalutilira kugwiliskira ntchito mapaka na maboti ghachokoghachoko ghakupangika na malukwa.
Ŵanthu ŵakagwiliskira ntchito maboti ghamalukwa kwanyengo yitali. Mulembi Wachigiriki, Plutarch, uyo wakaŵako mu nyengo ya ŵapositole, wakayowoya kuti mu nyengo yake ŵanthu ŵakaŵa ŵachali kugwiliskira ntchito maboti ghamalukwa.
^ ndime 3 Malukwa ghakumera mu visapa kweniso mu milonga iyo maji ghakwenda pachokopachoko. Chakumera ichi chikutalika kufika pa mamita 5 (mafiti 16), ndipo chimuthibiti chake ukhomi wake ungafika masentimita 15 (mainchezi 6).
