1. Longosorani ivyo vikachitika apo Yerusalemu wakabwangandulikanga.

MU 607 B.C.E., themba la Babuloni, Nebukadinezara Wachiŵiri, likatuma ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵawukire msumba wa Yerusalemu. Baibolo likuyowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka. Likuti: “Themba [Nebukadinezara] likakoma ŵanyamata ŵawo na lupanga mu nyumba yawo yakupatulika. Wakaŵachitira chiwuravi chara, kwali ni munyamata kwali mwali, muchekuru panji wakukokonyara. . . . Wakawotcha nyumba ya Chiuta waunenesko, wakabwangandura linga la Yerusalemu, wakawotcha na moto vigongwe vyake vyakukhora, wakaparanya chilichose cha mtengo wapatali.”—2 Mid. 36:17, 19.

2. Kasi Yehova wakati ntchivichi icho chizamuchitikira msumba wa Yerusalemu kweniso Ŵayuda?

² Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu Yerusalemu ŵakeneranga kuzizwa yayi na kubwangandulika kwa msumba uwu. Chifukwa wuli? Chifukwa chakuti kwa vyaka vinandi pambere msumba uwu undaparanyike, ntchimi za Yehova zikachenjezga kale Ŵayuda kuti para ŵakulutilira kuswa Dango la Yehova, ŵazamupelekeka mu mawoko gha Ŵababuloni. Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵakeneranga kufwa na lupanga, ndipo awo ŵapona ŵakeneranga kutolekera ku Babuloni na kukaŵa ŵazga umoyo wawo wose. (Yer. 15:2) Kasi umoyo ukaŵa wuli ku wuzga? Kasi ivyo vikachitikira ŵanthu ku wuzga ku Babuloni, vikachitikiraso Ŵakhristu? Usange ni nthena, pauli?

3. Kasi wuzga wa ku Babuloni ukapambana wuli na wa ku Eguputo?

³ Ivyo ntchimi za Yehova zikayowoya vikavifiskika nadi. Yehova wakaphalira Yeremiya kuti walembe ivyo Ŵayuda ŵakeneranga kukachita para ŵatolekera ku wuzga ku Babuloni. Yehova wakati: “Zengani nyumba [mu Babuloni] na kukhalamo. Pandani minda na kurya vipambi vyake. Kweniso muwukhumbire mtende msumba uwo namutoleraniko, muwulombere kwa Yehova, chifukwa para uli pa mtende, namwe muŵenge na mtende.” (Yer. 29:5, 7) Ŵayuda awo ŵakapulikira mazgu gha Chiuta, ŵakakhalanga mwamtende ku Babuloni. Ŵababuloni ŵakapeleka wanangwa ku Ŵayuda wakuchita vinthu vinyake ivyo ŵakukhumba. Ŵayuda ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wakwenda mwakufwatuka mu ufumu wose wa Babuloni. Msumba wa Babuloni ukaŵa chinyina cha malonda mu nyengo yakale. Mipukutu yinyake iyo yasangika mwasonosono yikulongora kuti Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵakasambira umo ŵangachitira bizinesi ndipo ŵanyake ŵakasambira luso la vyakupangapanga. Nakuti Ŵayuda ŵanyake ŵakasambazga. Ntheura wuzga wa ku Babuloni ukapambana chomene na wuzga uwo Ŵaisrayeli ŵakaŵamo ku Eguputo.—Ŵerengani Ekisodo 2:23-25.

4. Padera pa uchigaluka, kasi ni vichi vinyake ivyo vikapangiska Ŵayuda kuleka kusopa Yehova?

⁴ Ŵayuda ŵakaŵa na vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi apo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga. Kweni wuli pakuyowoya za umoyo wawo wauzimu? Tempile na jotchero la Yehova vikaŵa kuti vyabwangandulika, kweniso ŵasembe ŵakachitanga makora yayi milimo yawo. Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵakatolekera ku wuzga chifukwa cha uchigaluka ndipo ŵakeneranga nadi kulangika. Kweni Ŵayuda ŵanyake awo ŵakatolekera ku wuzga na kusuzgika pamoza na ŵanyawo, ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa Chiuta ndipo ŵakeneranga kulangika yayi. Iwo ŵakalutilira kupulikira Dango la Chiuta nanga ni apo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga. Mwachiyelezgero, Daniyeli pamoza na ŵanyake ŵatatu, Shadireki, Misheki na Abedinego, ŵakakana kurya vyakurya ivyo Ŵayuda ŵakakanizgika kurya. Kweniso Daniyeli wakalombanga kwa Chiuta nyengo zose. (Dan. 1:8; 6:10) Ndipouli, chikaŵa chipusu yayi ku Ŵayuda awo ŵakawopanga Chiuta kuchita vyose ivyo Dango la Chiuta likayowoyanga chifukwa ŵakazingilizgika na ŵanthu ŵakusopa vikozgo.

5. Kasi Yehova wakalayizga vichi ŵanthu ŵake, ndipo ntchivichi icho chikachitika?

⁵ Kasi Ŵaisrayeli ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵangazakaŵaso na mwaŵi wakusopa Yehova mwakufwatuka kweniso mwakuzomerezgeka? Kuyana na umo vinthu vikaŵira ku wuzga, ŵakwenera kuti ŵakakayikiranga chifukwa Ŵababuloni ŵakafwaturanga yayi ŵazga ŵawo. Kweni dango ili likamutondeska yayi Yehova kufiska ivyo wakalayizga Ŵayuda. Iyo wakaŵalayizga kale kuti wazamuwombora ŵanthu ŵake ndipo wakaŵawombora nadi. Uwu mbukaboni wakuti Yehova wakufiska vyose ivyo walayizga.—Yes. 55:11.

6, 7. Chifukwa wuli ntchiwemi kusandaso nyengo iyo Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵakanjilira mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru?

⁶ Kasi yikaŵapo nyengo yinyake apo Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko nawo ŵakaŵa mu wuzga nga umo vikaŵira na Ŵayuda ku Babuloni? Kwa vyaka vinandi, magazini ya Gongwe la Mulinda yalongosoranga kuti Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵa mazuŵa ghano ŵakanjira mu wuzga wa Babuloni mu 1918 na kufumamo mu 1919. Kweni kuyana na ivyo tidumbiskanenge mu nkhani iyi na yakulondezgapo, gulu la Yehova lawona kuti ntchiwemi kusandaso fundo iyi.

⁷ Ghanaghanirani fundo iyi: Babuloni Mukuru wakwimira visopa vyose vyautesi pa charu chapasi. Ntheura, para tingati ŵateŵeti ŵa Yehova ŵakanjira mu wuzga mu 1918, ndikuti munthowa yinyake ŵateŵeti aŵa ŵakaŵa mu wuzga wa chisopa chautesi mu chaka ichi. Kweni maukaboni ghakulongora kuti Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ŵakamba kufwatuka ku wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru pambere Nkhondo Yakwamba ya pa Charu Chose yindambe. Ntheura Ŵakhristu aŵa ŵakanjira mu wuzga mu chaka ichi yayi. Nangauli Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ŵakasuzgikanga mu nyengo ya nkhondo yakwamba ya pa charu chose, kweni  Babuloni Mukuru ndiyo wakapangiskanga masuzgo agha yayi. M’malo mwake, ŵakaŵa ŵandyali awo ŵakapangiskanga masuzgo agha. Ntheura vikuwonekerathu kuti ŵanthu ŵa Yehova ŵakanjira mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru mu 1918 yayi.

8. Longosorani umo Chikhristu chaunenesko chikatimbanizgikira. (Wonani chithuzi chakwamba.)

⁸ Pa Pentekoste 33 C.E., Ŵayuda ŵanandi kweniso ŵamitundu ŵakaphakazgika na mzimu utuŵa. Ŵakhristu ŵaphya aŵa ŵakapanga “mtundu wakusoleka, ŵasembe na mafumu, mtundu utuŵa, ŵanthu awo ŵakwenera kuŵa ŵapadera.” (Ŵerengani 1 Petrosi 2:9, 10.) Pa nyengo iyo ŵapositole ŵakaŵa ŵamoyo, ŵakavikiliranga chomene ŵanthu ŵa Chiuta kuti ŵaleke kutolera visambizgo vyautesi. Kweni, ŵapositole ŵakati ŵafwa, pakawuka ŵanalume ŵanyake awo ŵakamba “kuyowoya vinthu vyakubendera kuti ŵaguzire ŵasambiri kwa iwo.” (Mil. 20:30; 2 Tes. 2:6-8) Ŵanandi mwa ŵanalume aŵa ŵakaŵa na maudindo mu mipingo ndipo ŵakateŵeteranga nga mbalara, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakamba kuchemeka kuti “mabishopu.” Ntheura pakapangika gulu la ŵaliska awo ŵakachemekanga na mazina ghapadera nangauli Yesu wakaphalira ŵalondezgi ŵake kuti: “Mose muli ŵabali.” (Mat. 23:8) Ŵaliska aŵa ŵakasambizganga vinjeru vya ŵanthu nga ni vya Aristotle na Plato, ndipo pachoko na pachoko visambizgo ivi ndivyo vikanjira mu malo mwa visambizgo vyaunenesko vya mu Mazgu gha Chiuta.

9. Kasi Boma la Roma likachita nawo wuli ŵakugaluka awo ŵakajichemanga Ŵakhristu, ndipo chikachitika ntchivichi?

⁹ Mu 313 C.E., Constantine, themba la ufumu wa Ŵaroma ilo likasopanga vikozgo likapeleka mazaza ku ŵasopi ŵautesi awo ŵakajichemanga kuti Mbakhristu ŵaunenesko. Kufuma waka panyengo iyi, Tchalitchi na Boma [ŵandyali] ŵali paubwezi wakandapo nane nikandepo. Mwachiyelezgero, pamanyuma pa ungano uwo ukachitikira ku Nicaea, Constantine wakagamura kuti wasembe munyake zina lake Arius wanjire mu jele chifukwa cha kukana kuzomerezga kuti Yesu ni Chiuta. Pamasinda, Themba Theodosius Wakwamba uyo wakawusa kwamba mu 379 m’paka mu 395 C.E., wakazomerezga Tchalitchi cha Katolika kuŵa tchalitchi lakumanyikwa chomene mu ufumu wose wa Ŵaroma nangauli mamembara ghake ghakachitanga vinthu vyaunyankhasi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakusanda vya mbiri yakale ŵakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba wa Romu awo ŵakasopanga vikozgo ŵakamba kujichema Ŵakhristu mu vyaka vya m’ma 300 C.E. Kweni unenesko ngwakuti Ŵakhristu ŵatesi ŵakakolerana na magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakasopanga ŵangoza mu ufumu wa Roma na kupanga Babuloni Mukuru. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, kweni pakaŵaso gulu lichoko la Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ilo likaŵa nga ni “tirigu” ilo likasopanga Chiuta mwaunenesko. Pa nyengo iyi, mbanthu ŵachoko chomene awo ŵakategherezganga ivyo Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika aŵa ŵakasambizganga. (Ŵerengani Mateyu 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Ntheura Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko aŵa ŵakaŵa nadi mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru.

10. Kasi ntchivichi icho chikawovwira ŵanthu ŵa mitima yiwemi kukana visambizgo vyautesi?

¹⁰ Nangauli upusikizgi ukazara chomene, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵazganga Baibolo mu Chigiriki na Chilatini. Ntheura ŵakaŵa na mwaŵi wakupambaniska pakati pa visambizgo vya mu Baibolo na visambizgo vyautesi vya tchalitchi. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanyake ŵambe kukana visambizgo vyautesi chifukwa cha kumanya unenesko wa mu Baibolo. Kweni chikaŵa chakofya kuvumbura pakweru ivyo munthu wasambira mu Baibolo ndipo ŵanyake ŵakakomekerangapo.

11. Kasi ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakachita vichi kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaŵavye mwaŵi wakuŵerenga Baibolo?

¹¹ Pakati pajumpha nyengo, ŵalongozgi ŵa matchalitchi ŵakakanizga ntchito yakung’anamura Baibolo kuya mu viyowoyero ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakayowoyanga. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵalongozgi ŵa tchalitchi na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakusambira ndiwo ŵaŵe na mwaŵi wakuŵerenga Baibolo. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, mbalongozgi wose yayi awo ŵakaŵerenganga na kulemba makora. Waliyose uyo wakasuskanga ivyo ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵakasambizganga,  wakalangikanga kwazanimuwone. Lekani Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ŵakachitanga vinthu mwakuchenjera chomene para ŵakukhumba kuwungana kuti ŵasambire Mazgu gha Chiuta. Nga umo vikaŵira na Ŵayuda awo ŵakatolekera ku wuzga ku Babuloni, Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika awo ŵakaŵa nga ‘mbasembe na mafumu,’ nawo ŵakatondekanga kusopa Yehova mwakufwatuka. Pa nyengo iyi, Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ŵakaŵa nadi mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru.

12, 13. Kasi ni vinthu wuli viŵiri ivyo vikamba kufwatura ŵanthu ŵa Chiuta ku wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru? Longosorani.

¹² Kasi Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko nawo ŵakamanyanga kuti zuŵa linyake ŵazamusopa Yehova mwakufwatuka kweniso mwakuzomerezgeka? Enya! M’ma 1450 C.E., ungweru wauzimu ukamba kuŵala pachoko na pachoko. Pali vinthu viŵiri ivyo vikawovwira chomene kuŵaliska ungweru wauzimu. Chakwamba, pakapangika matayipilayitala agho ghakaŵa ghapusu kwenda nagho. Pambere matayipilayitala ghandambe kupangika, ŵanthu ŵakachitanga kukopera Baibolo pa mawoko ndipo yikaŵa ntchito yakuvuska chomene. Lekani Baibolo likasangikanga bweka yayi kweniso likaduranga chomene. Ŵanyake ŵakuti vikatoranga myezi 10 kuti munthu uyo wakumanya makora chomene kukopera wamare kukopera Baibolo. Kweniso, vikumba ivyo ŵakalembangapo vikaŵa vyakudura. Kweni munthu uyo wakamanyanga makora tayipilayitala, wakakoperanga mwaluŵiro chomene chifukwa wakalembanga mapeji 1,300 pa zuŵa.

¹³ Chinthu chachiŵiri icho chikawovwira pakuŵaliska ungweru wauzimu m’ma 1500-1600 C.E., chikaŵa kung’anamura Baibolo kuya mu viyowoyero ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakayowoyanga. Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ŵakaŵikanga umoyo wawo pa ngozi chifukwa ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakakhumbanga yayi. Para Mkhristu waunenesko wasangika kuti wanyamura Baibolo, wakaŵanga nga kuti wanyamura chilwero chakofya chomene icho ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa  ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuchiwona. Kweni Baibolo likati lamba kusangika bweka, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kuŵerenga. Apo ŵakaŵerenganga Baibolo, ŵanyake ŵakamba kufumba mafumbo nga ghakuti: Kasi ni mpha mu Baibolo apo pakuyowoya vya puligatoliyo? Kasi ni mpha apo Baibolo likuti tilipirenge ŵaliska para ŵalombera ŵabali ŵithu awo ŵali kufwa, kweniso kuti tilipirenge ŵapapa na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵalaraŵalara? Ntheura ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakawonanga kuti uwu ni muyuyuro kweniso uchigaluka ukuru chomene para munthu wakufumba mafumbo ghanthena. Nakuti chikaŵa chakofya chomene kufumba mafumbo ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa. Ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakalanganga waliyose uyo wakalongoranga kuti wakuŵagalukira. Ŵanandi awo ŵakakananga kulondezga visambizgo vya chisopa chautesi ŵakatenge mbakugaluka. Visambizgo vinyake vya ŵanthu ivyo ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakasambizganga vikaŵa vya Aristotle na Plato. Ŵanalume aŵa ŵakaŵako pambere Yesu wandababike. Ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghakuphalira Boma kuti likome ŵanthu wose awo ŵakatenge mbakugaluka. Chilato chawo chikaŵa chakuti ŵawofye ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kuŵerenga Baibolo na kufumba mafumbo ghanandinandi. Kanandi chilato chawo chikafiskikanga. Kweni ŵanyake ŵakaŵa na chikanga ndipo ŵakakana kofyeka na Babuloni Mukuru. Chifukwa chakuti ŵakamba kumanya unenesko wa mu Baibolo, iwo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵasambire vinandi. Ntheura umu ndimo vikambira kuti Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵambe kufwatuka ku wuzga wa chisopa chautesi, icho ni Babuloni Mukuru.

14. (a) Kasi ŵanyake ŵakachita wuli kuti ŵaŵe na mwaŵi wakusambira na kupulikiska makora Baibolo? (b) Longosorani ivyo Mubali Russell wakachita kuti wasambire unenesko.

¹⁴ Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa na nyota yakumanya unenesko wa mu Baibolo ŵakachimbilira ku vyaru vinyake uko ŵalongozgi ŵa chisopa ŵakaŵasuzganga viŵi yayi. Iwo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa wakuŵerenga, kusambira, na kudumbiskana Baibolo. Chimoza mwa vyaru ivi chikaŵa charu cha United States. Mu charu ichi ndimo Mubali Charles Taze Russell na ŵanyake ŵakambira kusanda Baibolo mwakupwelelera chakuumaliro wa 1800 C.E. Pakwamba, Mubali Russell wakakhumbanga kuti wamanye chisopa icho chikusambizga unenesko wa mu Baibolo. Wakayaniska ivyo Baibolo likusambizga na ivyo matchalitchi ghanandi ghakasambizganga. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka, wakasanga kuti palijirethu chisopa chilichose icho chikulondezga ndendende ivyo Mazgu gha Chiuta ghakusambizga. Nyengo yinyake Mubali Russell wakakumana na ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa, ndipo wakaŵa na chigomezgo kuti ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵazomerenge fundo zaunenesko za mu Baibolo izo iyo na ŵasambiri ŵanyake ŵakasanga mu Baibolo. Kweniso Mubali Russell wakagomezganga kuti para ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵamanya fundo izi, ŵamusambizga ŵanthu mu matchalitchi ghawo. Kweni ivi vikakwiyiska waka ŵalongozgi aŵa. Ŵasambiri ŵa Baibolo ŵakeneranga kumanya fundo yakuti: Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵakwenera yayi kukolerana na wose awo ŵakudemelera ku chisopa chautesi.—Ŵerengani 2 Ŵakorinte 6:14.

15. (a) Kasi Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵakanjira pauli mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru? (b) Kasi nkhani yakulondezgapo yizamuzgora mafumbo wuli?

¹⁵ Mu nkhani iyi, tawona kuti Ŵakhristu ŵaunenesko ŵakanjira mu wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru pamanyuma pakuti ŵapositole wose ŵafwa waka. Kweni pali mafumbo ghanandi agho tikwenera kusanga mazgoro ghake. Kasi pali ukaboni wuli unyake uwo ukulongora kuti Ŵakhristu ŵakuphakazgika ŵakaŵa kuti ŵambapo kale kufwatuka ku wuzga wa Babuloni Mukuru pambere chaka cha 1914 chindafike? Kasi mbunenesko kuti Yehova wakakwiyira ŵateŵeti ŵake chifukwa chakuti ŵakapharazganga chomene yayi pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya pa Charu Chose? Kasi ŵabali na ŵadumbu ŵanyake pa nyengo iyi ŵakathera na kunjira ndyali mwakuti Yehova wakaleka kukondwa nawo? Usange Ŵakhristu ŵakanjira mu wuzga wa chisopa chautesi kwambira m’ma 100 C.E., ipo mphawuli apo ŵakafwatukira? Agha ni mafumbo ghakuzirwa chomene, ndipo ghakuzgoreka mu nkhani yakulondezgapo.