Ŵaaziteki Mazuŵa Ghano Ŵakuzgoka Ŵakhristu Ŵaunenesko

Buku linyake likati: “Tempele likawa na kuzgoka fuvu na vyoto. Vikozgo vikaparanyika, ndipo mabuku ghakupatulika ŵakaghabuska na moto, kweni nipera ŵanthu ŵa ku India ŵacali kukumbukira ŵaciuta ngoza.”—Las antiguas culturas mexicanas (The Ancient Mexican Cultures).

KU MEXICO ndiko nkhwawo kwa Ŵaaziteki. Apo ŵakizanga mu caru ici mu vilimika vya m’ma 1200 ŵakaŵa fuko licoko waka, kweni likakura na kuzgoka fuko lankhongono na kuyana na ufumu wa Inka ku Peru. Nangauli ufumu wa Aziteki ukathereskeka na Tenochtitlán wa ku Spain mu 1521, kweni ciyowoyero cawo cakucemeka Nahuatl cicalipo. * Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha miliyoni yimoza na hafu awo ŵali mu vyaru 15 vya mu Mexico, ŵacali kuyowoya ciyowoyero ici. Munthu munyake zina lake Walter Krickeberg wakati ciyowoyero ici cawovwira kuti vigomezgo vyakale vya Ŵaaziteki vilutilire. Kasi vinyake mwa vigomezgo ivi vikaŵa vyakuti wuli?

Mitheto Yacilendo Kweni Yakumanyikwa

Mutepanji mutheto wakumanyikwa comene wa Ŵaaziteki nkhupeleka ŵanthu kuŵa sembe. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakagomezganga kuti zuŵa lingafwa usange lindapike mtima wa munthu na ndopa. Buku linyake likati: ‘Mu 1487 apo ŵakajuliranga tempele la Tenochtitlán, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 80,000 ŵakapelekeka sembe mu mazuŵa ghanayi pera.’ (Spanish friar Diego Durán)

Nangauli ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain kacitiro aka ŵakakolerananga nako yayi, kweni ŵakazizwa kuwona kuti vigomezgo vinandi vya Ŵaaziteki vikayananga na vya chalichi lawo la Katolika. Mwaciyelezgero, Ŵaaziteki ŵakacitanga ciphikiro ca mtundu unyake pa ico ŵakaryanga vikozgo vya ŵaciuta ŵawo vyakupangika kufuma ku vingoma na mbuto zinyake. Nyengo zinyake ŵakaryanga nyama za ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵapelekanga kuŵa sembe. Ŵaaziteki ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito mphinjika pakusopa ndipo ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga pakweru zakwananga zawo kweniso ŵakabapatizanga ŵana. Cakuzizwiska comene nchakuti Ŵaaziteki nawo ŵakasopanga Tonantzin, “Nyinawo wa Ŵaciuta,” uyo ŵakamucemanga kuti Mama Withu Mucoko.

Vikuyowoyeka kuti sisitere wa ku Guadalupe wa Chalichi la Katolika wakakumana na Muaziteki wa ku India mu 1531 pa lupiri ulo Ŵaaziteki ŵakasoperangapo Tonantzin. Ntheura, cikaŵa cipusu kuti Ŵaaziteki ŵaphendukire ku visambizgo vya Ŵakatolika. Tempele lakusoperamo mizimu la sisitere uyu, likazengeka pa lufura lwa tempele la Tonantzin. Pa Disembala 12, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Mexico awo mbakujipeleka ku cisopa ici, ŵakuluta ku malo agha, ndipo ŵanandi ŵa iwo mba ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl.

Ŵanthu ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl awo ŵakukhala ku mizi ya ku mapiri, ŵakucita viphikiro  vinandi vyakucindika ŵanthu ŵakufwa. Viphikiro ivi vikutora mazuŵa panji masabata kuti vimare. Pakuyowoya za ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici, buku linyake likuti: “Ŵakapambaniskanga yayi pakati pa viphikiro vya kucindika ŵakufwa vya Chalichi la Katolika na ivyo vikacitikanga pambere Cortés wandize.”(The Universe of the Aztecs) Ŵanthu ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl ŵakugomezgaso comene vyamizimu. Para ŵalwara ŵakuluta ku ŵanthu awo ŵakucizga mwamunthondwe kweniso kupeleka sembe za nyama. Nakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi mbambura kusambira ndipo ŵakumanya yayi kuŵazga Cisipanishi nesi Cinahuatl. Ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵakuŵasura Ŵaaziteki cifukwa cakuti mbakavu comene, kweniso cifukwa cakuti ŵakudemelera ku mitheto na ciyowoyero cawo.

Ŵaaziteki Ŵamba kusambira Unenesko wa mu Baibolo

Kwa vilimika vinandi, Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ku Mexico ŵayezgayezga kupharazgira waliyose “makani ghawemi agha gha ufumu.” (Mateyu 24:14) Mu 2000, Ofesi ya munthavi ya ku Mexico yikanozga vyakupharazgira Ŵanahuatl mu ciyowoyero cawo na kwambiska mipingo ya ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl cifukwa ca awo ŵakawungananga mu mipingo ya Cisipanishi. Gulu la kung’anamura mabuku gha mu ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl likakhazgikiskika. Ŵabali ŵakafwilirapo kusambizga ŵanthu ŵa ciyowoyero ici kuti ŵaŵazgenge na kulemba mu ciyowoyero cawo. Kasi cikacitika nchivici? Wonani ivyo vikacitika.

Apo mwanakazi munyake wa mu caru ici wakapulika nkhani ya mu Baibolo mu ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl wakati: “Pajumpha vilimika khumi kufuma apo tikambira kuwungana, kweni tikapulikiskanga makora yayi Cisipanishi. Kweni sono ndipo tamba kupulikiska unenesko wa mu Baibolo.” Juan, uyo wali na vilimika 60 waŵa wakusambira Baibolo na kuwungana kwa vilimika vinkhondi na vitatu pamoza na muwoli wake kweniso ŵana kweni ŵakalutanga panthazi yayi mwauzimu. Pamasinda, wakamba kusambira Baibolo mu ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl. Cilimika cikamara na kumara wuwo yayi wakabapatizika.

Nga umo viyelezgero ivi vikulongolera, ŵanandi ŵakasambirapo Baibolo mu Cisipanishi, kweni ŵakalipulikiskanga makora yayi. Maungano na mabuku gha mu ciyowoyero cawo vyawovwira comene kuti ŵakoleske unenesko na kupulikiska mulimo uwo ŵali nawo.

Kutonda Masuzgo

Nchipusu yayi kuti ŵanthu ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl ŵakure mwauzimu. Nawo ŵakusangana na masuzgo. Mwaciyelezgero, ŵakucicizgika comene kuti wacitengeko viphikiro vyacisopa. Ku San Agustín Oapan Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵakazomerezgekanga yayi kupharazga nyumba na nyumba. Ŵakaŵakanizganga cifukwa ŵakopanga kuti ŵanthu ŵalekenge kupeleka ndalama zakucitira viphikiro ivi. Apo Florencio na Ŵakaboni ŵanyake ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl ŵakapharazganga, ŵatatu ŵa iwo ŵakakoreka. Mu nyengo yambura kukwana maminiti 20, gulu likawungana kuti limanye cakucita nawo.

Florencio wakati: “Ŵakakhumbanga kutikoma nyengo yeneyiyo. Ŵanji ŵakasacizga kuti ŵatikake na kutitaya mu mlonga. Pa usiku uwu tikagona mu jele. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, Kaboni munyithu uyo wakaŵa loya na ŵabali ŵanji ŵakiza kuti ŵazakatovwire. Nawoso ŵakajalirika mu jele. Paumaliro ŵakatiphalira kuti ŵatifumiskenge pekha usange tazomera kuwukamo mu msumba uwu.” Nangauli vinthu vikaŵa nthena, pati pajumpha cilimika cimoza mpingo ukakhazikiskika, ndipo ukaŵa na ŵapharazgi ŵakubapatizika 17 na ŵanthu pafupifupi 50 awo ŵakawungananga pa mpingo uwu.

Ku Coapala mu caru ici, Kaboni munyake zina lake Alberto, ŵakamucema kuti wakaŵepo pa ciphikiro cinyake. Kaboni uyu wakakana ndipo ŵakamujalira mu jele. Ŵanthu ŵa mu muzi uwu ŵakawungana kuti ŵadumbiskane cakucita, ndipo ŵanji ŵakayowoya kuti Alberto wapayikike mwakuti ŵawofye wose awo ŵangakhumba kunjira cisopa cake na kuleka mitheto yawo. Ŵakaboni ŵanji ŵakayezgayezga kuti Alberto wafumiskike, kweni nawo ŵakaŵajalira mu jele. Ciphikiro ca sabata yimoza ici cikati camara, wose ŵakafwatulika. Apo nthambuzgo zikalutiliranga, cikaŵa cakwenelera kupempha wovwiri ku ŵalara ŵa boma, ndipo boma likalangura kuti ŵaleke kutambuzga Ŵakaboni. Cakukondweska nchakuti uyo wakasuskanga comene Ŵakaboni wakazomera unenesko, ndipo pamasinda wakabapatizika.  Sono mu msumba uwu muli mpingo.

Minda Yaca kuti Yivunike

Pakuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl ŵangasambira unenesko, Ŵakaboni ŵanandi ŵakusambira ciyowoyero ici. Ndipouli, kusambira ciyowoyero ici nkhwakusuzga. Ŵanthu ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl mbasoni comene ndipo ŵakutemwa yayi kuyowoya ciyowoyero cawo cifukwa ca umo ŵanthu ŵakacitiranga nawo. Suzgo linyake ndakuti ciyowoyero ici cikuyowoyeka mwakupambanapambana.

Sonia, uyo ni muteŵeti wanyengozose wakalongosora ico cikamutuma kuti wasambire ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl. Iyo wakati: “Pa mtunda wa maora pafupifupi ghaŵiri kufuma pa nyumba yane, pakukhala ŵanthu pafupifupi 6,000 ŵaciyowoyero ca Nahuatl awo ŵali kwiza cifukwa ca nchito. Ŵakukhala mu tunyumba twambura kuwoneka makora, ndipo ŵalinda ŵakuwoneseska kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵaleke kuluta ku malo ghanyake. Sonia wakati: “Ŵanthu aŵa ŵalije civikiliro ndipo mbakuyuyulika. Nkhacita citima comene na masuzgo agho ŵakakumananga nawo cifukwa pakwamba ŵanthu aŵa ŵakasangwanga, nakuti mutheto withu uli kufuma ku ŵanthu aŵa. Nangauli taŵapharazgira kwa vilimika 20 mu Cisipanishi, kweni ŵakapulikiskanga yayi ndipo ŵakanwekanga viŵi yayi. Kweni nati nasambira mazgu gha ciyowoyero cawo, mulyango ukajulika. Ŵakaniwungilira na kutegherezga. Nkhajipeleka kusambizga mwanakazi munyake kuŵazga na kulemba kuti nayo wanisambizge Cinahuatl. Sono ku malo agha ŵakunimanya kuti ndine ‘mwanakazi wa ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl.’ Nkhujiwona nga ndine mu mishonale mu caru ca kwithu.” Sono mu cigaŵa ici muli mpingo wa ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl.

Maricela uyoso ni muteŵeti wanyengozose wakufwilirapo comene kusambira ciyowoyero ici. Pakwamba wakacitanga sambiro la Baibolo mu Cisipanishi na Félix uyo wakaŵa na vilimika 70. Mudumbu uyu wati wamanyako vinandi mu ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl, wakamba kumulongosolera Félix mu ciyowoyero cake. Ici cikawovwira comene. Mudumbu uyu wakakhwaskika comene apo Félix wakamufumba kuti, “Kasi Yehova wakupulika para nkhulomba mu ciyowoyero ca Nahuatl?” Félix wakakondwa kumanya kuti Yehova wakupulika viyowoyero vyose. Félix wakuwungana na mpingo nyengo zose nangauli wakwenda ora limoza na hafu ndipo sono wali kubapatizika. Maricela wakati, “Ndine wakukondwa comene cifukwa ca kukolerana na mungelo uyo wali na makani ghawemi ghakuti ghapharazgike ku ŵanthu wose.”—Uvumbuzi 14:6, 7.

Nadi, munda wa Nahuatl ‘waca kale mwakuti uvunike.’ (Yohane 4:35) Tikulomba Yehova Ciuta kuti walutilire kucema ŵanthu ŵamitundu yose, kusazgapo na Ŵaaziteki, kuti ŵakwelere ku lupiri lwake kuti waŵasambizge nthowa zake.—Yesaya 2:2, 3.

[Mazgu ghamusi]

[Mapu pa peji 13]

(Mu magazini yakusindikizga ndimo vikuwoneka makora)

MSUMBA WA MEXICO

CIŴELENGERO CA ŴAAZITEKI PA MSUMBA ULIWOSE

150,000

CIŴELENGERO CAMBURA KUKWANA 1,000