Shinto—Sɛnea Japanfo Hwehwɛ Onyankopɔn
Ti 8
Shinto—Sɛnea Japanfo Hwehwɛ Onyankopɔn
“Esiane sɛ na me papa yɛ Shintofo sɔfo nti, ɔka kyerɛɛ yɛn sɛ anɔpa biara yɛmfa nsu kuruwa biako ne ɛmo a wɔanoa kyɛnsee biako nsi kamidana [Shintofo afie mu abosonnan] no so ansa na yɛadidi anɔpa. Wɔ ɔsom mu adeyɛ yi akyi no, yeyi ɛmo kyɛnsee no si fam na yedi. Sɛ yɛyɛ saa a, minya ahotoso sɛ anyame no bɛbɔ yɛn ho ban.
“Bere a yɛtɔɔ ofie bi no, yɛde ahwɛyiye hwɛ hui sɛ ɔdan no si baabi pa sen kan de no denam ɔkɔmfo anaa osumanni bi a yɛkɔɔ ne hɔ abisa so. Ɔkae sɛ yɛnhwɛ yɛn ho yiye wɔ adaemone apon abiɛsa ho, na ɔhyɛe sɛ yennwira hɔ sɛnea me papa kyerɛe no. Enti yɛde nkyene dwiraa saa ofie no pɛnkoro ɔsram biara.”—Mayumi T.
1. (Fa nnianim asɛm no ka ho.) Ɛhe na Shintosom wɔ titiriw, na dɛn na ɛkyerɛ ma wɔn a wogye di no bi?
SHINTO yɛ Japanfo som titiriw. Sɛnea Nihon Shukyo Jiten (Japanfo Ɔsom Ahorow Ho Nhoma) kyerɛ no, “Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔahyehyɛ Shintosom no te sɛ Japanfo amammerɛ ara pɛ, na ɛyɛ ɔsom mu amammerɛ a na ɔman yi mufo nkutoo na wɔde wɔn ho hyem.” Nanso Japanfo adwuma ne amammerɛ nkɛntɛnso atrɛw nnɛ araa ma ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn ani gye ho sɛ yebehu nyamesom mu nneɛma a anya Japanfo abakɔsɛm ne wɔn nipasu so nkɛntɛnso no.
2. Shintosom nya Japanfo asetra so nkɛntɛnso kodu he?
2 Ɛwom sɛ Shintofo bɛboro 91,000,000 na wɔwɔ Japan, a ɛyɛ hɔnom nnipa baanan biara mu baasa de, nanso nhwehwɛmu bi da no adi sɛ nnipa 2,000,000 pɛ, anaasɛ wɔn a wɔn ani afi mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 3 na wɔkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wogye Shinto di. Nanso, Sugata Masaaki, Shintosom ho nhwehwɛmufo bi ka sɛ: “Shintosom adan Japanfo da biara asetra fã koraa ma nkurɔfo nhu mpo sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ. Japanfo bu no sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia te sɛ mframa a wɔhome sen nyamesom.” Wɔn a wose nyamesom nyɛ wɔn ahiasɛm mpo no tɔ Shintofo lɔre ho ahobammɔ ho nsɛbɛ, hyia wɔn ayeforo te sɛ Shintofo, na wɔde wɔn sika di Shintofo afe afe afahyɛ ahorow.
Ɛyɛɛ Dɛn na Efii Ase?
3, 4. Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na wodii kan frɛɛ Japanfo som sɛ Shintosom?
3 Wofii ase de edin “Shinto” no dii dwuma wɔ afeha a ɛto so asia Y.B. mu de ma ɛdaa nsow wɔ Buddhasom a na ɛreba Japan no ho. Ɔsom ahorow a ɛwɔ Japan ho nhwehwɛmufo, Sachiya Hiro, kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Nokwarem no, ‘na Japanfo Som’ . . . wɔ hɔ ansa na Buddhasom reba, nanso na ɛyɛ adwenem som, a ɛyɛ amanne ne ‘nneyɛe.’ Nanso bere a Buddhasom bae no, nkurɔfo hui sɛ saa nneyɛe no yɛ Japanfo som, na ɛyɛ soronko wɔ Buddhasom a efi ɔman foforo so no ho.” Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na Japanfo som yi bae?
4 Ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ bere pɔtee a Shintosom anaasɛ “Japanfo Som” no bae. Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, bere a wofii ase yɛɛ ɛmofuw wɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ fɔkyee no, “nsase a ɛso yɛ fɔkyee so kuayɛ maa ɛho behiae sɛ wɔkyekye nkurow yiye, na wofii kuayɛ ho amanne ahorow—a akyiri yi edii dwuma titiriw wɔ Shintosom mu—ase.” Saa tetefo no nyaa adwene sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wonya abɔde anyame pii na wɔsom wɔn.
5. (a) Adwene bɛn na Shintofo kura wɔ awufo ho? (b) Sɛ wɔde adwene a Shintofo kura wɔ awufo ho toto Bible no ho a, ɛte dɛn?
5 Ɔsom yi akyi no, wɔn a wɔawuwu akra ho suro ma wonyaa amanne ahorow a wɔde bɛpata wɔn. Akyiri yi eyi bɛdan ɔsom a wɔde ma wɔn nananom a wɔawuwu ahonhom. Sɛnea Shintofo gyidi kyerɛ no, “owufo” kra da so ara wɔ ne nipasu na owu ma ne ho gu fĩ wɔ ne wu akyi pɛɛ. Sɛ abusuafo yɛ amanne a wɔde kae no wie pɛ a, ɔkra no ho tew na oyi adwemmɔne biara fi ne tirim, na ɔyɛ obi a ɔpɛ asomdwoe ne ayamye. Bere bi akyi no, wɔn nana a wawu no honhom dan ɔhwɛfo anaa onyame a ɔbɔ wɔn ho ban. Enti yehu sɛ ɔkra a enwu da gyidi yɛ ɔsom yi nso mu gyidi titiriw, na ɛkyerɛ gyidifo no suban ne wɔn nneyɛe kwan.—Dwom 146:4; Ɔsɛnkafo 9:5, 6, 10.
6, 7. (a) Na Shintofo bu wɔn anyame dɛn? (b) Dɛn ne shintai, na dɛn nti na ɛho hia wɔ Shintosom mu? (Fa toto Exodus 20:4, 5; Leviticus 26:1; 1 Korintofo 8:5, 6 ho.)
6 Na wobu abɔde anyame ne wɔn nananom anyame sɛ “wɔnenam” mframa mu na wɔayɛ mu ma. Wɔ afahyɛ ahorow mu no, nkurɔfo bɔ anyame no mpae sɛ wonsian mmra mmeae pɔtee a wɔadwira hɔ ama adeyɛ no. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ anyame no bɛtra shintai, nneɛma a wɔsom te sɛ nnua, abo, nhwehwɛ ne asekan mu bere tiaa bi. Akɔmfo anaasɛ asumanfo na wɔhwɛ amanne a wɔde frɛ anyame no so.
7 Nkakrankakra “mmeae a anyame no sian ba” a wodwira hɔ bere tiaa bi ma afahyɛ ahorow no bɛyɛɛ baabi a wɔkɔ daa. Nkurɔfo sisii abosonnan maa anyame ayamyefo a ɛte sɛ nea wohyiraa wɔn no. Mfiase no wɔanyɛ anyame no ahoni na mmom wɔsom shintai a wose anyame no te mu no. Bepɔw mũ nyinaa te sɛ Fuji mpo betumi ayɛ shintai. Bere bi akyi no, anyame no bɛyɛɛ pii araa ma Japanfo nyaa asɛmfua yaoyorozu-no-kami, a nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne “anyame ɔpepem awotwe” (“kami” kyerɛ “anyame” anaasɛ “abosom”). Seesei wɔde asɛmfua no gyina hɔ ma “anyame pii,” efisɛ Shintosom mu anyame redɔɔso bere nyinaa.
8. (a) Sɛnea Shintofo atetesɛm kyerɛ no, ɔkwan bɛn na wɔfaa so yɛɛ Amaterasu Omikami na wɔhyɛɛ no sɛ ɔnhyerɛn? (b) Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na Amaterasu Omikami bɛyɛɛ ɔman no nyame, na ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde ahempɔn no bataa ne ho?
8 Esiane sɛ wɔyɛ Shintosom mu amanne ahorow wɔ abosonnan mu titiriw nti, abusua biara sii wɔn ankasa nyame a ɔbɔ wɔn ho ban abosonnan. Nanso, bere a ɔhempɔn no abusua kaa ɔman no boom wɔ afeha a ɛto so ason Y.B. mu no, wɔyɛɛ wɔn owia nyamewa Amaterasu Omikami ɔman no nyame ne Shintofo nyame titiriw. (Hwɛ adaka no mu wɔ kratafa 191.) Bere bi akyi no, wɔtoo anansesɛm sɛ ɔhempɔn no yɛ owia nyamewa no aseni tẽẽ. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahyɛ saa gyidi no mu den no, wɔkyerɛw Shintofo nhoma atitiriw abien Kojiki ne Nihon shoki wɔ afeha a ɛto so awotwe Y.B. mu. Esiane sɛ wɔde atetesɛm ahorow pagyaw ɔhempɔn abusua no sɛ anyame no asefo nti, nhoma ahorow yi boae ma wogye toom sɛ ahempɔn no wɔ tumi kɛse.
Afahyɛ ne Amanne Nyamesom
9. (a) Dɛn nti na nhomanimfo bi frɛɛ Shintosom sɛ ɔsom a “enni nneɛma ahorow”? (b) Ɔkwan bɛn so na Shintofo yɛ katee wɔ nkyerɛkyerɛ ho? (Fa toto Yohane 4:22-24 ho.)
9 Nanso, wɔammu Shintofo atetesɛm nhoma abien yi sɛ nyamesom nhoma a efi honhom mu. Anwonwasɛm ne sɛ Shintofo nni obi a ɔno na wonim no sɛ ɔde ɔsom no bae, na wonni Bible nso. Shintoni nhomanimfo Shouichi Saeki kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Shintosom yɛ ɔsom a ‘enni’ nneɛma ahorow. Enni nkyerɛkyerɛ pɔtee na enni nyamekyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri. Ɛte sɛ nea enni ahyɛde biara a wodi so. . . . Ɛwom sɛ wɔtetee me wɔ abusua a wɔyɛɛ Shintofo akyɛ mu de, nanso menkae sɛ wɔde nyamesom kyerɛkyerɛɛ me anibere so.” (Yɛn na yɛasi ɔfã bi so dua no.) Shintofo de, nkyerɛkyerɛ, ahyɛde ahorow, ne ɛtɔ da bi mpo a, nea wɔsom no ho nhia. Shintoni nhwehwɛmufo bi ka sɛ: “Wɔtaa de abosonnan koro no mpo mu nyame no sesa ɔfoforo, na ɛtɔ da bi a, nnipa a na wɔsom saa anyame no na wɔbɔ wɔn mpae no nnim sɛ wɔasesa wɔn.”
10. Dɛn na ɛho hia Shintofo paa?
10 Ɛnde, dɛn na ɛho hia Shintofo paa? Japanfo amammerɛ ho nhoma bi ka sɛ: “Mfiase no, na Shintofo bu nneyɛe a ɛma kurow ketewaa bi mufo kɔ so nya biakoyɛ ne asetrade no sɛ ‘adepa,’ na na wobu nea ɛmma wonnya eyinom no sɛ ‘adebɔne.’” Ná wobu biako a ɛbɛtra wɔne anyame, abɔde ne kurow no mufo ntam no sɛ ɛsom bo sen biribiara. Ná biribiara a ɛsɛe nnipa no ntam asomdwoe no yɛ adebɔne, a ɛso mfaso wɔ abrabɔ mu mfa ho.
11. Dɛn na afahyɛ ahorow yɛ wɔ Shintofo som ne wɔn da biara asetra mu?
11 Esiane sɛ Shintofo nhyɛ da nni nkyerɛkyerɛ nti, ɛnam amanne ne afahyɛ ahorow so na ɛma biako kɔ so tra nnipa no ntam. Nhoma Nihon Shukyo Jiten kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Nea ɛho hia paa wɔ Shintosom mu ne sɛ yedi afahyɛ horow anaasɛ yenni.” (Hwɛ adaka no mu wɔ kratafa 193.) Nnipa a wɔwɔ mmeae a wɔdɔw ɛmofuw no nananom anyame a wotwa wɔn ho hyia bom didi wɔ afahyɛ ahorow ase no boa maa biakoyɛ traa wɔn ntam. Na afahyɛ akɛse fa ɛmo a wodua ho, na ɛda so te saa ara. Wɔ fefɛw bere mu no, nnipa a wɔtete nkuraa ase no frɛ “ɛmofuw nyame” no sɛ ɔmmra wɔn akuraa no ase, na wɔbɔ mpae sɛ wonnya nnɔbae pii. Wɔ twabere mu no, wɔda wɔn anyame no ase wɔ nnɔbae a wonya no ho. Wɔ afahyɛ ahorow mu no, wɔsoa wɔn anyame no wɔ mikoshi anaasɛ abosonnan ketewaa bi mu de wɔn kyinkyin, na wɔne anyame no nom ɛmo nsa (sake) didi bom.
12. Ahodwira ho amanne bɛn na wɔyɛ wɔ Shintosom mu, na dɛn nti na wɔyɛ saa?
12 Nanso, Shintofo gye di sɛ, sɛ wɔne anyame no bɛyɛ biako a, ɛsɛ sɛ wodwira wɔn ho fi wɔn abrabɔ bɔne ne bɔne biara ho. Ɛha na wɔyɛ amanne ahorow no. Wɔwɔ akwan abien a wɔfa so dwira obi anaasɛ biribi ho. Biako ne oharai na nea ɛka ho no ne misogi. Wɔ oharai mu no, Shintofo sɔfo hinhim sakaki dubaa a wɔde krataa anaasɛ asaawa akyekyere ano de dwira biribi anaa obi, nanso wɔde nsu na edi dwuma wɔ misogi mu. Ahodwira amanne ahorow yi ho hia wɔ Shintosom mu araa ma Japanni bi a ɔyɛ ho nimdefo ka sɛ: “Wobetumi aka no pefee sɛ, sɛ ɛnyɛ amanne ahorow yi a, anka Shinto rentumi ntra hɔ sɛ [nyamesom].”
Sɛnea Wɔsakrasakra Shintosom
13, 14. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde ɔsom afoforo afrafra Shintosom mu?
13 Nsakrae a aba Shintosom mu mfe pii nyinaa akyi no, afahyɛ ne amanne ahorow da so ara wom. Nsakrae bɛn na aba? Shintoni nhwehwɛmufo bi de nsakrae horow a aba Shintosom mu no toto abaduaba a wɔahyɛ no ntade a wɔsakra no ho. Bere a Buddhasom bae no, Shintosom faa Buddhasom nkyerɛkyerɛ. Bere a na nkurɔfo hia abrabɔ pa ho gyinapɛn ahorow no, Shintosom faa Konfusiosom. Wɔasakra Shintosom paa.
14 Wɔde ɔsom foforo mu nneɛma fraa Shintosom mu wɔ n’abakɔsɛm mfiase pɛɛ. Ɛwom sɛ Konfusiosom ne Taosom a Japanfo frɛ no “yin ne yang Kwan” no awura Shintosom mu de, nanso Buddhasom titiriw na afra Shintosom mu.
15, 16. (a) Shintofo yɛɛ wɔn ade dɛn wɔ Buddhasom ho? (b) Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na wɔde Shintosom fraa Buddhasom?
15 Bere a Buddhasom fi China ne Korea bae no, Japanfo frɛɛ wɔn tete nyamesom nneyɛe sɛ Shinto, anaasɛ “anyame no kwan.” Nanso, bere a ɔsom foforo bae no, Japanfo mu kyɛɛ abien wɔ Buddhasom a na wobegye atom no ho. Wɔn a na wɔpɛ Buddhasom kae sɛ ‘Aman a ɛbɛn yɛn no nyinaa som wɔ saa kwan no so. Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ Japan yɛ soronko?’ Wɔn a na wɔmpɛ Buddhasom nso kae sɛ, ‘Sɛ yɛsom aman a ɛbɛn yɛn no anyame a, yɛbɛhyɛ yɛn ankasa anyame abufuw.’ Wɔ mpaapaemu a ɛbae mfe pii akyi no, wɔn a wɔpɛ Buddhasom dii nkonim. Ebeduu afeha a ɛto so asia Y.B. awiei, bere a Ɔheneba Shōtoku bɛyɛɛ Buddhani no, na ɔsom foforo no ase atim.
16 Bere a Buddhasom trɛw kɔɔ nkuraase no, ɛkotoo hɔnom Shintofo anyame a na wɔ a wɔwɔ hɔ no anya nnipa no da biara asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔsom abien no siesie wɔn ntam na wɔabom atra hɔ. Buddhafo nkokorafo a na wosuasua ahosodi wɔ mmepɔw so no boae ma wɔde ɔsom abien yi frae. Esiane sɛ na wosusuw sɛ Shintofo anyame te mmepɔw so nti, nneɛma a na nkokorafo no de kame wɔn ho mmepɔw no so no ma wonyaa adwene sɛ wɔde Buddhasom bɛfra Shintosom mu, na ɛno ma wosisii jinguji anaa “abosonnan ne asɔredan ahorow.” * Ɔsom abien no frae nkakrankakra bere a Buddhasom dii kan hyehyɛɛ ɔsom nkyerɛkyerɛ no.
17. (a) Kamikaze kyerɛ dɛn? (b) Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na wɔde kamikaze bataa gyidi a ɛne sɛ Japan yɛ Onyankopɔn man no ho?
17 Saa bere yi no na gyidi a ɛne sɛ Japan yɛ ɔman kronkron no regye ntini. Bere a Mongolfo kɔtow hyɛɛ Japanfo so wɔ afeha a ɛto so 13 mu no, wogyee kamikaze a nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne “onyame mframa” no dii. Mongolfo no de akohyɛn pii bɛtow hyɛɛ Kyushu supɔw no so mprenu, nanso ahum siw wɔn kwan mprenu. Japanfo kae sɛ wɔn Shinto anyame (kami) na wɔmaa ahum anaasɛ mframa (kaze) yi bɔe, na eyi maa wɔn anyame no gyee din kɛse.
18. Ɔkwan bɛn so na Shintosom ne ɔsom afoforo dii akameakame?
18 Bere a ahotoso a na wɔwɔ wɔ Shinto anyame mu yɛɛ kɛse no, wobuu wɔn sɛ anyame a wodi kan, na wobuu Buddhafo (“wɔn a wɔadu pɛyɛ ho”) ne bodhisattavfo (wɔn a wɔbɛyɛ Buddhafo a wɔbɛboa afoforo ma wɔadu pɛyɛ ho; hwɛ nkratafa 136–8, 145–6) no sɛ anyame a woyi wɔn ho adi wɔ hɔnom bere tiaa bi kɛkɛ. Esiane Shintofo ne Buddhafo ntam ntawntawdi yi nti, wɔtew Shintofo akuw pii. Ebinom twee adwene sii Buddhasom so, na afoforo pagyaw Shintofo anyame bebree no, na afoforo nso de Konfusiosom bi a ɛbaa akyiri yi kaa wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ ho.
Ɔhempɔn Som ne Ɔman Shintosom
19. (a) Na dɛn ne Shintofo Asesɛwfo no botae? (b) Adwene bɛn na Norinaga Motoori nkyerɛkyerɛ no ma wonyae? (d) Dɛn na Onyankopɔn ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ yɛnyɛ?
19 Bere a wosiesiee wɔn ntam mfe pii akyi no, Shintofo nyamekyerɛfo sii gyinae sɛ Chinafo nyamesom nsusuwii agu wɔn som no ho fĩ. Enti wɔhyɛe sɛ wɔnsan nyɛ wɔn ade sɛ tete Japanfo. Shintofo kuw foforo a wɔfrɛ no Shintosom a Wɔasesɛw bae, a na Norinaga Motoori (wɔbɔ din Motoʹori), afeha a ɛto so 18 mu nhomanimfo yɛ wɔn nyamekyerɛfo atitiriw no mu biako. Motoori suaa tete nhoma ahorow, ne titiriw Shintofo nhoma a wɔfrɛ no Kojiki de hwehwɛɛ baabi a Japanfo amammerɛ fi. Ɔkyerɛkyerɛe sɛ owia nyamewa Amaterasu Omikami korɔn sen obiara nanso ogyaw maa anyame no sɛ wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a anwonwade sisi no mu. Afei nso, ne nkyerɛkyerɛ ka sɛ wontumi nkyerɛ bere a wobenya ɔsoro akwankyerɛ, na ɛnkyerɛ obu sɛ nnipa bɛbɔ mmɔden ahu. Na n’adwene ne sɛ mmisa asɛm biara na brɛ wo ho ase ma ɔsoro akwankyerɛ.—Yesaia 1:18.
20, 21. (a) Ɔkwan bɛn so na Shintofo nyamekyerɛfo bi bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ obeyi “Chinafo” nkɛntɛnso afi Shintosom mu? (b) Hirata nyansapɛ no ma wɔtew kuw bɛn?
20 Norinaga akyidifo no mu biako, Atsutane Hirata, trɛw ne nsusuwii no mu na ɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛtew Shintosom ho na wayi “Chinafo” nkɛntɛnso nyinaa afi mu. Dɛn na Hirata yɛe? Ɔde awaefo “Kristosom” nyamekyerɛ fraa Shintosom mu! Ɔde Amenominakanushi-no-kami, onyame bi a wɔka ne ho asɛm wɔ Kojiki mu no totoo “Kristosom” Nyankopɔn no ho, na ɔkaa onyame a ɔhwɛ amansan so yi ho asɛm sɛ ɔwɔ anyame abien a wɔhyɛ n’ase, “Nea Ɔwo pii (Takami–musubi) ne Nea Ɔde Onyankopɔn Ahoɔden Wo (Kami–musubi) a ɛda adi sɛ wogyina hɔ ma ɔbarima ne ɔbea bɔbeasu.” (Religions in Japan) Yiw, ɔfaa onyame baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ fii Roman Katoleksom mu, ɛwom sɛ ammɛyɛ Shintofo nkyerɛkyerɛ titiriw de. Nanso, awiei koraa no nea wose ɛyɛ Kristosom a Hirata de fraa Shintosom mu no de Kristoman onyame biako som baa Shintosom mu.—Yesaia 40:25, 26.
21 Hirata nyamekyerɛ na ɛbɛyɛɛ nnyinaso maa ‘Som Ɔhempɔn’ ahyehyɛde a ɛma wotuu nsase wuranom asraafo kankabi nniso gui san de ahempɔn nniso no sii hɔ wɔ 1868 mu no. Bere a wɔde ahempɔn nniso no sii hɔ no, wɔpaw Hirata asuafo sɛ aban no ananmusifo wɔ Shintosom mu, na wɔhyɛɛ ahyehyɛde a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ Shintosom Ɔman Som ho nkuran. Wɔ saa bere no mu amanyɔ mmara foforo no ase no, wobuu ɔhempɔn a na wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ owia nyamewa Amaterasu Omikami aseni tee no sɛ ɔyɛ “kronkron a wontumi nsɛe no.” Enti ɔbɛyɛɛ Ɔman Shintosom nyame pumpuni.—Dwom 146:3-5.
Shintofo “Nhoma Kronkron”
22, 23. (a) Mmara abien bɛn na ɔhempɔn no hyɛe? (b) Dɛn nti na wobuu mmara yi sɛ ɛyɛ kronkron?
22 Ɛwom sɛ na Shintofo wɔ wɔn tete kyerɛwtohɔ, amanne ne mpaebɔ ahorow wɔ Kojiki, Nihongi ne Yengishiki nhoma ahorow mu de, nanso na ɛsɛ sɛ Ɔman Shintosom nya nyamesom nhoma. Wɔ 1882 mu no, Ɔhempɔn Meiji hyɛɛ Ɔhempɔn Mmara maa Asraafo ne Hyɛn mu Adwumayɛfo. Esiane sɛ na efi ɔhempɔn no hɔ nti, Japanfo buu no sɛ nhoma kronkron, na ɛbɛyɛɛ ade a asraafo susuw ho da biara. Esii so dua sɛ obi asɛde a ɛne sɛ obetua ɛka a ɔde ɔhempɔn a ɔyɛ onyame no, adi ne ho asɛyɛde a ɔwɔ ho dwuma no so sen nea obetumi ayɛ ama onipa foforo biara.
23 Wɔde biribi foforo kaa Shinto nhoma kronkron no ho bere a ɔhempɔn no hyɛɛ Ɔhempɔn Mmara a ɛfa Nhomasua ho wɔ October 30, 1890 mu no. Shigeyoshi Murakami, Ɔman Shintosom Ho nhwehwɛmufo kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛtoo nhyɛase titiriw maa nhomasua nko, na mmom ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛɛ Ɔman Shintosom no kyerɛw kronkron.” Mmara no daa no adi pefee sɛ atetesɛm mu ahempɔn no nananom ne wɔn manfo ntam “tete” abusuabɔ so na nhomasua gyina. Japanfo buu mmara yi dɛn?
24. (a) Fa sɛnea nnipa no buu ɔhempɔn no mmara no ho nhwɛso ma. (b) Ɔkwan bɛn so na Ɔman Shintosom de ɔhempɔn som bae?
24 Asano Koshino ka sɛ: “Bere a na meyɛ abeawa no, na [sukuu] panyin abadiakyiri no de obu ma adaka bi so kɔ soro bɛpem aniwa de ba asɛnka agua no so. Na sukuu panyin no gye adaka no, na ɔtwe nhoma a wɔabobɔw a wɔakyerɛw Ɔhempɔn Mmara a ɛfa Nhomasua Ho so no fi mu. Sɛ ɔrekenkan mmara no a, na ɛsɛ sɛ yesi yɛn ti ase kosi sɛ yɛbɛte asɛm a etwa to a ese ‘Ɔhempɔn no Din ne ne Nsɔano.’ Yɛtee mpɛn pii araa ma yetumi kyeree nsɛm no guu yɛn tirim.” Ansa na 1945 reba, ne ɛdenam nhomasua nhyehyɛe a egyina atetesɛm so so no, wɔmaa ɔman mũ no nyinaa hyiraa wɔn ho so maa ɔhempɔn no. Wobuu Ɔman Shintosom no sɛ ɛkorɔn sen ɔsom biara, na wɔfrɛɛ Shintosom afoforo 13 a ɛsono wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ no sɛ Shintofo a Wɔatwe wɔn ho.
Japan Nyamesom Botae—Wiase So Nkonimdi
25. Ná nnipa no bu Japanfo ɔhempɔn no dɛn?
25 Na Ɔman Shintosom nso wɔ ne honi. Masato, Japanni akwakoraa bi se: “Anɔpa biara mebɔ me nsam kyerɛ owia, onyamewa Amaterasu Omikami sɛnkyerɛnne, na afei mede m’ani kyerɛ apuei wɔ baabi a Ɔhempɔn Ahemfie no wɔ no na mesom ɔhempɔn no.” Na ɔhempɔn no manfo som no sɛ onyame. Esiane sɛ ɔyɛ owia nyamewa no aseni nti, wobuu no sɛ amammui ne nyamesom mu pumpuni. Japanni nimdefo bi kae sɛ: “Ɔhempɔn no yɛ onyame a wayi ne ho adi wɔ nnipa mu. Ɔyɛ Onyame a wayi ne ho adi.”
26. Nkyerɛkyerɛ bɛn na ɔhempɔn som de bae?
26 Esiane eyi nti, wofii ase kyerɛkyerɛe sɛ “Mikado [Ɔhempɔn] no man na ɛwɔ wiase kɛse yi mfinimfini. Na ɛsɛ sɛ yefi ha ma Honhom Kɛse yi trɛw fa wiase nyinaa. . . . Japan Ɔkɛseɛ a ɛbɛtrɛw afa wiase nyinaa, ne wiase mũ no nyinaa a yɛbɛma adan Anyame no asase ne adwuma a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ saa bere yi, na afei nso, ɛyɛ yɛn daa botae a ɛnsakra.” (The Political Philosophy of Modern Shinto a D. C. Holtom kyerɛwee) Na nsonsonoe biara nni Asɔre ne Ɔman ntam wɔ ha!
27. Ɔkwan bɛn so na asraafo de Japan ɔhempɔn som dii dwuma?
27 John B. Noss ka wɔ ne nhoma Man’s Religion no mu sɛ: “Japan asraafo gyee adwene yi toom ntɛm ara. Wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ wɔn akodi ho ɔkasa mu sɛ Japan dwumadi kronkron ne nkonimdi. Nokwarem no, yebetumi ahu nea efii ɔmampɛ a wɔde nyamesom gyinapɛn nyinaa bi fraa mu no mu bae wɔ saa asɛm no mu.” Hwɛ awerɛhosɛm ara a wɔma ɛtoo Japanfo ne nnipa foforo, a na efi Shintofo atetesɛm a ɛne sɛ ɔhempɔn no yɛ onyame ne fra a wɔde nyamesom fraa ɔmampɛ mu no titiriw!
28. Dɛn na Shintosom yɛe wɔ Japanfo akodi no mu?
28 Na nea Japanfo dodow no ara betumi ayɛ ara ne sɛ wɔbɛsom ɔhempɔn no wɔ Ɔman Shintosom ne n’ahempɔn nhyehyɛe no ase. Norinaga Motoori nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne sɛ ‘Mmisa asɛm biara, na mmom brɛ wo ho ase ma ɔsoro akwankyerɛ’ no dii Japanfo ti. Ebeduu 1941 no, na wɔnam Ɔman Shintosom ne wɔn ho so a wohyira maa “onipa teasefo a ɔyɛ onyame” no so aboaboa ɔman mũ no nyinaa ano ama Wiase Ko II. Nnipa no susuwii sɛ ‘Japan yɛ Onyankopɔn man na sɛ ɔhaw bi ba a, kamikaze, mframa kronkron no, bɛbɔ.’ Asraafo ne wɔn mmusua srɛɛ wɔn anyame a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban sɛ wɔmma wonni nkonim wɔ ɔko no mu.
29. Dɛn na ɛmaa nnipa pii hweree wɔn gyidi wɔ Wiase Ko II akyi?
29 Bere a wodii “Onyankopɔn” man no so nkonim wɔ 1945 mu denam ɔtopae abien a wɔde sɛee Hiroshima ne Nagasaki fã kɛse pasaa no so no, Shintosom hyiaa ɔhaw a emu yɛ den. Mpofirim, Hirohito a wose ɔyɛ sodifo a ɔyɛ onyame a hwee ntumi no no bɛyɛɛ ɔhempɔn a ɔyɛ onipa a wadi nkogu. Ɛsɛee Japanfo gyidi. Kamikaze adi ɔman no huammɔ. Nhoma Nihon Shukyo Jiten ka sɛ: “Ade biako a ɛma ɛbaa saa no ne bu a ɔman no abam bui sɛ wɔayi wɔn ama no. . . . Nanso, nea ɛsɛee asɛm no ne sɛ, Shintosom antumi amfa ɔsom mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a emu dɔ a ɛfata amma wɔ adwenem naayɛ a [nkogudi] no de bae no ho. Enti, nyamesom mu adeyɛ a ɛnkyerɛ ahokokwaw a ɛne sɛ ‘Onyame anaasɛ Buddha biara nni hɔ no’ bɛyɛɛ nnipa no dodow no ara su.”
Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Nya Nokware Biakoyɛ
30. (a) Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi Shintofo suahu wɔ Wiase Ko II mu no mu? (b) Dɛn nti na ɛho hia sɛ yɛde yɛn adwene tumi di dwuma wɔ yɛn som mu?
30 Ɔkwan a Ɔman Shintosom fa so no si hia a ehia sɛ ankorankoro biara hwehwɛ tete gyidi ahorow a odi akyi mu no so dua. Ebia Shintofo hwehwɛɛ ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so ne aman a ɛbɛn Japan no ayɛ biako bere a wogyinaa sraadisɛm akyi no. Nanso, amfa wiase nyinaa biakoyɛ amma, na bere a wokunkum wɔn kununom ne wɔn mma wɔ ɔko mu no, amfa biakoyɛ amma ɔman no mu nso. Ansa na yebehyira yɛn ho so ama obi no, ɛsɛ sɛ yehu onii ko ne nea yɛde yɛn ho rema no. Kristoni kyerɛkyerɛfo bi ka kyerɛɛ Romafo a na anka wɔsom ɔhempɔn no sɛ: “Mitu mo fo sɛ momfa mo nipadua nsi hɔ sɛ afɔre a ɛte ase a ɛyɛ kronkron a ɛsɔ Onyankopɔn ani a ɛne mo nyamesom a adwene wɔ mu no.” Sɛnea na ɛsɛ sɛ Romafo Kristofo no de wɔn adwene tumi paw onii a ɛsɛ sɛ wohyira wɔn ho so ma no no, saa ara na ɛho hia sɛ yɛde yɛn adwene tumi hu onii a yɛbɛsom no.—Romafo 12:1, 2.
31. (a) Dɛn na eye ma Shintofo dodow no ara? (b) Asɛmmisa bɛn na ehia sɛ yebua?
31 Ɛnyɛ nea ɛho hia Shintofo dodow no ara wɔ ɔsom mu ne sɛ wobehu onyame pɔtee biako bi. Hidenori Tsuji, a ɔkyerɛ Japanfo nyamesom ho abakɔsɛm ka sɛ: “Wɔ nnipa mpapahwekwa fam no, anyame anaasɛ Buddha ahorow no yɛ ade koro. Sɛ wɔyɛ anyame anaasɛ Buddha no, mpɛn dodow a wotie mpae a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔmma wonnya nnɔbae, wontu nyarewa ase na wɔmmɔ abusua no ho ban no, ɛno ara ye ma nnipa no.” Nanso so ɛno ma wohuu nokware Nyankopɔn no na wonyaa ne nhyira? Abakɔsɛm bua pefee.
32. Dɛn na asɛmti a edi hɔ no bɛka ho asɛm?
32 Bere a na Shintofo rehwehwɛ onyame bi no, wɔde wɔn gyidi gyinaa atetesɛm so na wɔyɛɛ onipa kɛkɛ, ɔhempɔn a ɔyɛ onyame, nea wose ɔyɛ owia nyamewa Amaterasu Omikami aseni. Nanso, mfe mpempem pii ansa na Shintosom reba no, na nokware Nyankopɔn no ayi ne ho adi akyerɛ Sem aseni gyidini bi wɔ Mesopotamia. Yɛn asɛmti a edi hɔ no bɛka asɛm titiriw a esii ne nea efii mu bae ho asɛm.
[Ase hɔ asɛm]
^ nky. 16 Wɔ Japan no, wobu Shintofo adan sɛ abosonnan na wobu Buddhafo de sɛ asɔredan.
[Adesua no ho Nsɛmmisa]
[Kratafa 191 adaka]
Owia Nyamewa no Wɔ Shintofo Atetesɛm Mu
Shintofo atetesɛm ka sɛ bere bi a atwam tɔnn no, onyame Izanagi “hohoroo n’aniwa benkum so, na ɔnam saayɛ so woo onyamewa kɛse Amaterasu, Owia nyamewa no.” Akyiri yi, Susanoo, mpoano tataw so nyame no yii Amaterasu hu araa ma “okohintaw ɔbodan bi mu wɔ Soro, na ɔde ɔbo kokuroo bi kataa ano. Ɛmaa wiase duruu sum.” Enti anyame no yɛɛ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde beyi Amaterasu afi ɔbodan no mu. Wɔboaboaa nkokɔnini a wɔbɔn ahemadakye ano na wɔyɛɛ ahwehwɛ kɛse bi. Wɔde agude ne mfrankaa sensɛn sakaki nnua so. Afei onyamewa Ama no Uzume fii ase sawee de ne nan bɔɔ aguasɛn kɛse bi akyene. Bere a ɔresaw kitikiti no, ɔpaa ne ho na anyame no paee serew. Nea ɛkɔɔ so yi nyinaa maa Amaterasu a ɔpɛe sɛ obehu nea ɛrekɔ so no hwɛe na ohuu ne ho wɔ ahwehwɛ no mu. Ne ho a ohui wom no ma opue fii ɔbodan no mu, na Ahoɔden nyame soo ne nsam twee no puei. “Afei Owia nyamewa no hyerɛn ma hann san baa wiase.”—New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.—Fa toto Genesis 1:3-5, 14-19; Dwom 74:16, 17; 104:19-23 ho.
[Kratafa 193 adaka]
Shintosom—Ɔsom a Afahyɛ Horow Wom
Ɔsom mu afahyɛ ahorow anaa matsuri ayɛ Japanfo afe no mu ma. Emu atitiriw no bi na edidi so yi:
▪ Sho-gatsu anaa Afe Foforo afahyɛ, January 1-3.
▪ Setsubun, asɛ a wɔtow gu afie mu ne mfikyiri bere a wɔteɛteɛm sɛ “Mmonsam mpue nkɔ, akraye mmra”; February 3.
▪ Hina Matsuri anaa Abaduaba Afahyɛ ma mmeawa, wɔyɛ no March 3. Ade a mmaduaba sisi so a egyina hɔ ma tete ahempɔn abusua a wɔde kyerɛ.
▪ Mmarimaa Afahyɛ, May 5; wɔde Koi-nobori (ntama apataa a egyina hɔ ma ahoɔden) sensɛn nnua so.
▪ Tsukimi, ofupɛ bere mfinimfini mu ɔsram a atwa puruw a wɔhwɛ, bere a wɔde ɛmo keeki nketenkete nkuruwankuruwa ne nnɔbae a edi kan bɔ afɔre.
▪ Kanname-sai anaa ɛmo foforo a edi kan a ɔhempɔn no de bɔ afɔre wɔ October mu.
▪ Niiname-sai yɛ nea ɔhempɔn no abusua no di wɔ November mu, bere a ɔhempɔn a ɔyɛ Ɔhempɔn Shintofo sɔfo panyin di ɛmo foforo no bi no.
▪ Shichi-go-san, ɛkyerɛ “ason-anum-abiɛsa,” Shintofo mmusua na wodi wɔ November 15. Wobu ason, anum, ne abiɛsa sɛ nsakrae mfe a ɛho hia; mmofra a wɔhyehyɛ kimono a ɛyɛ fɛ kɔ abusua no abosonnan mu.
▪ Wodi Buddhafo afahyɛ pii nso, a Buddha awoda a esi April 8, ne Obon Afahyɛ, July 15, a wɔde akanea a esisi po anaa asuten ani “de kyerɛ wɔn nananom a wɔawuwu ahonhom kwan kɔ wiase foforo no mu” de wie ka ho.
[Kratafa 188 mfonini]
Shintoni a ɔresrɛ nneɛma afi anyame no hɔ
[Kratafa 189 mfonini]
Shinto, ‘Anyame no Kwan’
[Kratafa 190 mfonini]
Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobu bepɔw mũ nyinaa, te sɛ Fuji, mpo sɛ shintai, anaa ade a wɔsom
[Kratafa 195 mfonini ahorow]
Shintofo a wɔso mikoshi anaa abosonnan ketewa bi, atifi hɔ nso, wɔde nhaban bi (aoi) ato wɔn kɔn mu wɔ Aoi Afahyɛ ase wɔ Kyoto
[Kratafa 196 mfonini]
Wosusuw sɛ krataa anaa asaawa a wɔde kyekyere dubaa ano a wohinhim tumi tew nnipa ne nneɛma ho ma wonya awerɛhyem sɛ wobenya ahobammɔ
[Kratafa 197 mfonini ahorow]
Japanni nte nka sɛ abirabɔ wom sɛ ɔbɛbɔ mpae wɔ Shintofo abosonnan anim, benkum so, ne Buddhafo afɔremuka anim
[Kratafa 198 mfonini]
Na wɔsom Ɔhempɔn Hirohito (nea ogyina adaka no so) sɛ owia nyamewa no aseni
[Kratafa 203 mfonini]
Ababaa no de ema anaa dua a wɔakyerɛw mpaebɔ wɔ so a wakɔtɔ no sɛn abosonnan mu
