Mmɔden a Wɔbɔe Sɛ Wobegyae Onyankopɔn Din Bɔ

NÁ NE din de Hananiah ben Teradion. Bɛyɛ mfe 1,800 a atwam ni no, na ɔyɛ Yudani nhomanimfo a wagye din sɛ obi a ɔboaboa nnipa ano wɔ mmɔnten so de Sefer Torah, nhoma mmobɔwee a Bible mu nhoma anum a edi kan wom no kyerɛkyerɛ wɔn. Ná Ben Teradion agye din sɛ obi a ɔde Onyankopɔn din ankasa di dwuma na ɔde kyerɛkyerɛ afoforo nso. Susuw ho hwɛ, esiane sɛ Onyankopɔn din pue wɔ Bible mu nhoma anum a edi kan yi mu bɛboro mpɛn 1,800 nti, na ɔbɛyɛ dɛn atumi de Torah no akyerɛkyerɛ a ɔnkyerɛkyerɛ biribi mfa Onyankopɔn din ho?

Nanso na Ben Teradion nna no nyɛ bere pa mma Yudafo nhomanimfo koraa. Sɛnea Yudafo abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo kyerɛ no, na Roma ɔhempɔn no ahyɛ mmara sɛ sɛ obi kyerɛkyerɛ Yudasom mu gyidi anaa nneyɛe a, wobebu no kumfɔ. Awiei koraa no, Romafo no kyeree Ben Teradion. Bere a wɔkyeree no no, na okura Sefer Torah no bi. Bere a ɔreyi ne ho ano n’asɔretiafo anim no, ɔkae pefee sɛ Bible no a ɔde rekyerɛkyerɛ no yɛ Onyankopɔn mmara a ɔredi so ara kwa. Nanso wobuu no kumfɔ.

Ɛda a wɔrebekum Ben Teradion no, wɔde Bible nhoma mmobɔwee a na okura bere a wɔkyeree no no kyekyeree ne ho. Afei wɔde no fam dua ho hyew no. Encyclopaedia Judaica ka sɛ: “Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wate yaw no, wɔboaboaa asaawa futuru ano de hyɛɛ nsu mu na woyi de fam ne kõkõ so sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔrenwu ntɛm.” Asotwe afoforo a wɔde maa no no bi ne sɛ wokum ne yere nso, na wɔtɔn ne babea maa atuutuufo.

Ɛwom sɛ Romafo na wodii atirimɔdensɛm kum Ben Teradion de, nanso Talmud * no ka sɛ “Edin kronkron no a ɔbɔɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛnea  wɔakyerɛw no no nti na wɔhyew no.” Yiw, na Yudafo no bu Onyankopɔn din ankasa a obi bɛbɔ no sɛ mmarato kɛse.

Mmara Nsɛm a Ɛto so Abiɛsa

Ɛda adi sɛ mfe 200 a edi kan wɔ Y.B. mu no, na Yudafo wɔ gyidihunu a agye ntini wɔn mu a ɛfa Onyankopɔn din a wɔbɛbɔ ho. Mishnah (rabifo nkyerɛkyerɛ a wɔboaboaa ano na wogyinaa so kyerɛw Talmud) no ka sɛ “obi a ɔbɔ din kronkron no pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛnea wɔakyerɛw no no” nni kyɛfa biara wɔ Paradise a ɛbɛba asase so daakye a Onyankopɔn ahyɛ ho bɔ no mu.

Ɛhe na anohyeto a ɛte saa no fi? Ebinom ka sɛ, na Yudafo no bu Onyankopɔn din no kronkron dodo sɛ nnipa a wɔnyɛ pɛ bɛbɔ. Bere kɔɔ so no, na ɛyɛ den mpo sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw edin no. Sɛnea nhoma bi kyerɛ no, nea ɛmaa ehu kaa wɔn no ne sɛ na wosusuw sɛ ebia wɔbɛtow krataa a wɔkyerɛw din no wɔ so no ato sumina so, na na ɛno bɛma edin kronkron no ho agu fĩ.

Encyclopaedia Judaica ka sɛ “nea ɛma wogyaee edin YHWH . . . no bɔ no fi Mmara Nsɛm a ɛto so Abiɛsa a wɔante ase no mu.” Mmara Nsɛm Du no mu nea ɛto so abiɛsa a Onyankopɔn de maa Israelfo no ka sɛ: “Mmɔ [Yehowa, NW] wo Nyankopɔn din kwa, na [Yehowa, NW] remma nea ɔbɔ ne din kwa no ho nyɛ tɔtorɔtɔtɔɔ.” (Exodus 20:7) Ne saa nti, wɔdanee bara a Onyankopɔn barae sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde ne din di dwuma wɔ ɔkwammɔne so no ma ɛbɛyɛɛ gyidihunu.

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛnnɛ, obi ntumi nka sɛ Onyankopɔn pɛ sɛ wɔde obi fam dua ho hyew no esiane sɛ wabɔ ne din kronkron no nti! Nanso gyidihunu a Yudafo wɔ wɔ Onyankopɔn din ho no da so ara wɔ hɔ. Pii da so ara frɛ Tetragrammaton no sɛ “Edin a Wontumi Mmɔ.” Wɔ mmeae bi no, wɔhyɛ da bɔ edin biara a Onyankopɔn din wom no kyea no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wommu wɔn atetesɛm so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔbɔ Yah a ɛyɛ Onyankopɔn din ankasa a wɔatwa no tiawa no sɛ Kah. Wɔbɔ Haleluia nso sɛ Halelukah. Nnipa binom mpo po sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw asɛmfua “Onyankopɔn,” na wɔde nsensanee si nkyerɛwde biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ananmu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛw Twi asɛmfua “Onyankopɔn” a, wɔbɛkyerɛw no “Ny-nk-p-n.”

Mmɔden Foforo a Wɔbɔe sɛ Wɔbɛkata Edin no So

Ɛnyɛ Yudasom nkutoo ne ɔsom a ɛmfa Onyankopɔn din nni dwuma. Susuw Jerome a na ɔyɛ Katolek sɔfo ne ɔkyerɛwfo ma Pope Damasus I no ho hwɛ. Wɔ 405 Y.B. mu no, Jerome kyerɛɛ Bible mũ no nyinaa ase kɔɔ Latin kasa mu, na ɛno na wɔbɛfrɛɛ no Latin Vulgate no. Jerome amfa Onyankopɔn din no anhyɛ ne nkyerɛase no mu. Mmom no, odii nea na wɔyɛ wɔ ne bere so no akyi, ma ɔde nsɛmfua “Awurade” ne “Onyankopɔn” sii edin kronkron no ananmu. Latin Vulgate no bɛyɛɛ Katolek Bible a edi kan a wogye toom, na ɛno so na wogyina yɛɛ nkyerɛase afoforo kɔɔ kasa pii mu.

 Sɛ nhwɛso no, Latin Vulgate no so na wɔhwɛ de yɛɛ Katolek Douay Version nkyerɛase a ɛwɔ Engiresi kasa mu no wɔ afe 1610 mu. Enti ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ Onyankopɔn din ankasa mpue wɔ saa Bible yi fã biara. Asɛm no ne sɛ na Douay Version no nyɛ Bible nkyerɛase bi ara kɛkɛ. Ɛno nkutoo na ɛbɛyɛɛ Bible a na Katolekfo a wɔka Engiresi kasa no de di dwuma kosii 1940 mfe no mu. Yiw, Onyankopɔn din no so katae maa wɔn a na wɔyɛ Katolekfo amapa no mfehaha pii.

Afei, susuw King James Version no nso ho hwɛ. Wɔ afe 1604 mu no, Engiresi hene James I paw nhomanimfo bi sɛ wɔnkyerɛ Bible no ase nkɔ Engiresi kasa mu. Bɛyɛ mfe ason akyi no, woyii King James Version a wɔsan frɛ no Authorized Version no adi.

Wɔ saa nkyerɛase yi mu nso, wɔn a wɔkyerɛɛ ase no amfa edin kronkron no anni dwuma, na mmom nkyekyɛm kakra bi pɛ mu na edin no puei. Mpɛn pii no, na wɔde asɛmfua “AWURADE” anaa “ONYANKOPƆN” si Onyankopɔn din no ananmu de gyina hɔ ma Tetragrammaton no. Saa Bible nkyerɛase yi na na nnipa pii de di dwuma. World Book Encyclopedia ka sɛ “wotintimii King James Version no de dii dwuma bɛboro mfe 200 ansa na wɔretintim Engiresi Bible afoforo. Wɔ saa bere yi mu no, na King James Version no titiriw na na nnipa pii a wɔka Engiresi kasa no de di dwuma.”

Bible nkyerɛase pii a wotintimii wɔ mfehaha a atwam no a wɔamfa Onyankopɔn din no anni dwuma wom anaasɛ wototoo no ase no mu abiɛsa pɛ na yɛabobɔ so yi. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ ɛyɛ nnipa pii a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ Kristofo nnɛ no den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ din kronkron no, anaa mpo sɛ wonnim din no koraa. Nokwarem no, wɔ mmere a atwam mu no, Bible nkyerɛasefo binom de Onyankopɔn din ankasa ahyɛ wɔn nkyerɛase ahorow mu. Nanso eyi mu pii a wɔatintim no nnansa yi no nsakraa su a nnipa dodow no ara da no adi wɔ Onyankopɔn din ho no.

Nneyɛe a Ɛne Onyankopɔn Apɛde Nhyia

Nnipa atetesɛm titiriw nti na nnipa dodow no ara mfa Onyankopɔn din nni dwuma na ɛnyɛ Bible nkyerɛkyerɛ. Yudafo nhwehwɛmufo Tracey R. Rich a ɔtew Intanɛt dwumadibea a ɛde Judaism 101 no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Biribiara nni Torah no mu a ɛbara sɛ obi bɛbɔ Onyankopɔn Din. Nokwarem no, ɛda adi wɔ kyerɛw nsɛm no mu pefee sɛ na wɔtaa bɔ Onyankopɔn din.” Yiw, bere a na wɔrekyerɛw Bible no, Onyankopɔn asomfo de ne din dii dwuma.

Ɛda adi sɛ hu a yebehu Onyankopɔn din na yɛde adi dwuma no bɛma yɛasom no wɔ ɔkwan a ɔpene so so sɛnea wɔyɛe bere na wɔrekyerɛw Bible no. Eyi betumi ayɛ ade a edi kan a yɛbɛyɛ na ama yɛne no anya abusuabɔ, na ɛno ye sen sɛ yebehu ne din ara kɛkɛ. Yehowa Nyankopɔn ankasa to nsa frɛ yɛn sɛ yɛne no mmenya abusuabɔ a ɛte saa. Ɔno na ɔde anigye to nsa frɛ yɛn sɛ: “Mommɛn Onyankopɔn, na ɔbɛbɛn mo.” (Yakobo 4:8) Nanso ebia wubebisa sɛ, ‘Ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na ɔdesani atumi ne Ade Nyinaa So Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no anya abusuabɔ a ɛte saa?’ Asɛm a edi hɔ no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea wubetumi ne Yehowa anya abusuabɔ no mu.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 6]

Haleluia

Sɛ wote asɛm “Haleluia” a, dɛn na ɛba w’adwenem? Ebia ɛma wokae Handel dwom a ɛyɛ dɛ yiye a wato din “Messiah,” a ɔyɛɛ no 1700 mfe no mu a egyee din kɛse wɔ Haleluia dwonto mu no. Anaasɛ ebia wubesusuw Amerika ɔman ho dɔ dwom a agye din “Ɔman Asafo Dwom” a wɔsan frɛ no “Haleluia, Monhyɛ No Anuonyam,” no. Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ wate asɛmfua “Haleluia” afi mmeae foforo bi nso. Na ebi mpo a, wotaa bɔ din. Nanso wunim nea ɛkyerɛ?

Haleluia—Ɛyɛ Hebri asɛmfua ha·lelu-Yahʹ, a wɔakyerɛw no sɛnea wɔbɔ din no, na ɛkyerɛ “munyi Yah ayɛ.”

Yah—Ɛyɛ Onyankopɔn din, Yehowa a wɔatwa no tiawa. Epue wɔ Bible no mu bɛboro mpɛn 50, na wɔtaa de ka asɛmfua “Haleluia” ho.

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 7]

So Onyankopɔn Din Fã Bi Ka Wo Din Ho?

Wɔda so ara de Bible mu din to nnipa pii nnɛ. Wɔ tebea bi mu no, Onyankopɔn din ankasa ka nea edin horow yi kyerɛ wɔ mfiase Hebri kasa mu no ho. Wɔama saa din yi bi ne nea ɛkyerɛ ho nhwɛso wɔ ha. Ebia na wo din yɛ emu biako.

Yohana—“Yehowa Ayɛ Ɔdomfo”

Yoel—“Yehowa Ne Nyankopɔn”

Yohane—“Yehowa Ayi Ɔdom Adi Akyerɛ”

Yonatan—“Yehowa Na Ɔde Ama”

Yosef—“Ma Yah Mma Me Bi Nka Ho” *

Yosua—“Yehowa Ne Nkwagye”

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

 [Adaka wɔ kratafa 8]

Bible Nsɛmfua a Wɔde Gyina Hɔ ma Onyankopɔn

Wɔ mfiase Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu no, wɔde nsɛmfua pii te sɛ Ade Nyinaa So Tumfoɔ, Ɔbɔadeɛ, Agya ne Awurade na egyina hɔ ma Onyankopɔn. Nanso sɛ wɔka nsɛmfua afoforo a wɔde gyinaa hɔ maa no no nyinaa dodow bom a, mpɛn dodow a ne din ankasa pue no dɔɔso sen saa nsɛmfua no koraa. Ɛda adi pefee sɛ Onyankopɔn pɛ sɛ yɛbɔ ne din. Susuw nsɛmfua a wɔabobɔ din a edidi so a epue wɔ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu ho hwɛ. *

Yehowa—mpɛn 6,973

Onyankopɔn—mpɛn 2,605

Ade Nyinaa So Tumfoɔ—mpɛn 48

Awurade—mpɛn 40

Yɛfo—mpɛn 25

Ɔbɔadeɛ—mpɛn 7

Agya—mpɛn 7

Nea Ne Nna Akyɛ—mpɛn 3

Ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo Kunini—mpɛn 2

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

 [Adaka wɔ kratafa 9]

Onyankopɔn a Ɔma Nneɛma Yɛ Hɔ

Nhomanimfo adwene nhyia wɔ nea Onyankopɔn din, Yehowa, kyerɛ no ho. Nanso wɔ nhwehwɛmu pii a wɔayɛ wɔ asɛm no ho akyi no, ama nnipa pii gye di sɛ edin no yɛ Hebri adeyɛ asɛm ha·wahʹ (ɛba mu), a ɛkyerɛ “Nea Ɔma Ɛyɛ Hɔ.”

Ne saa nti, wɔakyerɛ asɛm a ɛwɔ Exodus 3:14 a Mose bisaa Nyankopɔn din wɔ hɔ no ase wɔ New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures * no mu sɛ: “Onyankopɔn ka kyerɛɛ Mose sɛ: ‘Mɛyɛ me ho nea mɛyɛ.’ Na ɔde kaa ho sɛ: ‘Sɛnea ka kyerɛ Israelfo no ni: “Nea mɛyɛ na asoma me mo nkyɛn yi.”’”

Saa nkyerɛase no fata efisɛ Onyankopɔn betumi ayɛ ne ho sɛnea ɔpɛ biara. Biribiara ntumi nsiw nea ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ kwan. N’atirimpɔw ne ne bɔhyɛ ahorow bam bere nyinaa. Edin no nso da adi sɛ ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn ne Ɔbɔadeɛ, nea ɔwɔ tumi kɛse a ɔma nneɛma yɛ hɔ. Ɔno na ɔmaa amansan yi nyinaa bae. Ɔno nso na ɔbɔɔ honhom abɔde ɔpepem pii no. Nokwarem no, ɔne Onyankopɔn a ɔma nneɛma yɛ hɔ!

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 5]

Adwini a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wokum Hananiah ben Teradion

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 8, 9]

Mmeae a wɔakyerɛw Onyankopɔn din agu a obiara tumi hu

1. Asɔredan bi a ɛwɔ Lomborg, Denmark wɔ 1600 mfe no mu

2. Asɔredan kɛse a wɔde nhwehwɛ ayɛ ne mfɛnsere, a ɛwɔ Bern, Switzerland

3. Tete Hebri Nhoma Mmobɔwee a efi Po a Awu mu, Israel, bɛyɛ 30-50 Y.B.

[Asɛm Fibea]

Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

4. Swedenfo dwetɛ sika, wɔ 1600 mu

[Asɛm Fibea]

Kungl. Myntkabinettet, Sveriges Ekonomiska Museum

5. Germanfo mpaebɔ nhoma, wɔ 1770 mu

[Asɛm Fibea]

From the book Die Lust der Heiligen an Jehova. Oder: Gebaet-Buch, 1770

6. Bavaria Abo ho nkyerɛwee a ɛwɔ Germany

7. Moabfo Abopon, Paris, France, wɔ 830 A.Y.B.

[Asɛm Fibea]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

8. Olten Asɔredan mfonini a ɛwɔ Switzerland