Nya Yehowa Trenee Mu Anigye
Nya Yehowa Trenee Mu Anigye
“Nea odi trenee ne adɔe akyi no, obenya nkwa, trenee ne anuonyam.”—MMEBUSƐM 21:21.
1. Akwan a nnipa fa so nnɛ bɛn na akowie bɔne mu?
“ƐWƆ ɔkwan bi a ɛteɛ onipa ani so, na n’awiei yɛ owu kwan.” (Mmebusɛm 16:25) Hwɛ sɛnea Bible mu abebusɛm yi ka yɛn bere yi so nnipa pii asetra ho asɛm ma ɛfata! Nnipa dodow no ara ani gye nea wosusuw sɛ eye wɔ wɔn ankasa ani so nkutoo ho, na mpo wobu wɔn ani gu afoforo ahiade atitiriw paa so. (Mmebusɛm 21:2) Wɔka kɛkɛ sɛ wobu ɔman a wɔwom no mmara ne gyinapɛn ahorow, nanso wɔbɔ mmɔden bere nyinaa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ade akwan bi so a ɛnkyekyere wɔn. Nea afi mu aba ne nnipa a wɔn mu apaapae, wɔn ani atan, na wɔn adwene atu afra.—2 Timoteo 3:1-5.
2. Dɛn na adesamma hia paa na aboa wɔn?
2 Nea ɛbɛyɛ na aboa yɛn—na adesamma abusua no nyinaa anya asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ—no, yehia mmara anaa gyinapɛn bi a ɛteɛ, nea nnipa nyinaa bɛpɛ sɛ wogye tom na wodi so. Ɛda adi pefee sɛ, mmara anaa gyinapɛn biara nni hɔ a nipa bi ahyehyɛ a ebetumi adi saa ahiade no ho dwuma, ɛmfa ho nyansa a ɔwɔ anaa nokwafo a ɔyɛ. (Yeremia 10:23; Romafo 3:10, 23) Sɛ gyinapɛn a ɛte saa wɔ hɔ a, yebetumi ahu wɔ he, na ɛte dɛn? Nanso asɛmmisa a ehia paa ne sɛ, Sɛ gyinapɛn a ɛte saa wɔ hɔ a, so w’ani begye ho na woadi so?
Trenee Gyinapɛn a Yebehu
3. Hena na ɔfata paa sɛ ɔde gyinapɛn a eye na ɛso wɔ nnipa nyinaa mfaso ma, na dɛn ntia?
3 Nea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛanya gyinapɛn a yebegye atom na ɛso aba obiara mfaso no, ɛho behia sɛ yɛkɔ obi a abusua, ɔman, ne amammuisɛm nni no so tumi, na onni nnipa sintɔ ne mmerɛwyɛ biara no nkyɛn. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, nea ɔfata paa ne ade nyinaa Bɔfo, Yesaia 55:9) Bio nso, Bible ka Yehowa ho asɛm sɛ, ‘nokware Nyankopɔn a nkontompo nni no mu; ɔtreneeni ne teefo ne no.” (Deuteronomium 32:4) Yehu wɔ Bible mu nyinaa sɛ “[Yehowa, NW] yɛ ɔtreneeni.” (Exodus 9:27; 2 Beresosɛm 12:6; Dwom 11:7; 129:4; Kwadwom 1:18; Adiyisɛm 19:2) Yiw, yebetumi ahwehwɛ gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn afi Yehowa nkyɛn efisɛ ɔyɛ ɔnokwafo, teefo ne ɔtreneeni.
Yehowa Nyankopɔn, nea ɔkae sɛ: “Sɛ ɔsoro korɔn sen asase no, saa ara na m’akwan korɔn sen mo akwan, na m’adwene nso sen mo adwene” no. (4. Dɛn na asɛmfua “trenee” kyerɛ?
4 Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii ani nnye asɛmfua “trenee” ho papa nnɛ. Nokwarem no, nnipa dodow no ara nni ho adwempa, na wɔde trenee toto obi a obu ne ho treneeni dodo, ne nyaatwom mu a wofi da ahofama ne nyamesom pa adi ho. Nanso sɛnea nsɛm asekyerɛ nhoma bi kyerɛ no, “trenee” kyerɛ “nokwaredi, teeyɛ, ɔbra pa, bemdi, biribi a bɔne nni ho; di a wodi Onyankopɔn mmara so anaa abrabɔ pa a wogye tom; sɛ́ obi bɛyɛ ade ɔkwan a ɛteɛ so.” So w’ani rennye mmara anaa gyinapɛn a ekura su horow a eye saa ho?
5. Kyerɛkyerɛ trenee su a Bible no ka ho asɛm no mu.
5 Ɛdefa sɛnea trenee te ho no, Encyclopaedia Judaica ka sɛ: “Trenee nyɛ nsusuwii bi a wontumi nhu kɛkɛ na mmom ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bedi nokware na wayɛ nea ɛteɛ wɔ biribiara mu.” Sɛ nhwɛso no, Onyankopɔn trenee nyɛ su bi a ɛhyɛ ne mu anaa suban a ɔwɔ kɛkɛ, te sɛ ne kronnyɛ ne sɛnea ne ho tew no. Mmom no, ɛyɛ ne nipasu a ɔda no adi wɔ akwan a ɛyɛ nokware na ɛteɛ so. Esiane sɛ Yehowa yɛ kronkron na efĩ biara nni ne ho nti, biribiara a ɔyɛ ne biribiara a efi ne nkyɛn ba no teɛ. Sɛnea Bible ka no, “[Yehowa, NW] teɛ, n’akwan nyinaa mu, na ɔyɛ adɔe ne nnwuma nyinaa mu.”—Dwom 145:17.
6. Dɛn na Paulo ka faa ne bere so Yudafo binom a na wonnye nni ho, na dɛn ntia?
6 Ɔsomafo Paulo sii asɛm yi so dua wɔ ne krataa a ɔde kɔmaa Kristofo a wɔwɔ Roma no mu. Ɔkyerɛw faa Yudafo bi a na wonnye nni ho sɛ: “Wonnim Nyankopɔn trenee no, na wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn ankasa trenee si hɔ nti, wɔmmrɛɛ wɔn ho ase nhyɛɛ Onyankopɔn trenee ase ɛ.” (Romafo 10:3) Dɛn nti na Paulo ka saafo no ho asɛm sɛ “wonnim Nyankopɔn trenee”? So na wɔnkyerɛkyerɛɛ wɔn Mmara, Nyankopɔn trenee gyinapɛn no? Nokwarem no, na wɔakyerɛkyerɛ wɔn. Nanso, wɔn mu dodow no ara buu trenee sɛ su bi a gye sɛ wodi ɔsom mu akwankyerɛ horow so katee ansa na wɔanya, sen sɛ wobebu no sɛ gyinapɛn a ɛbɛkyerɛ wɔn sɛnea wɔne wɔn mfɛfo nnipa bedi nsɛm afa. Te sɛ nyamesom akannifo a na wɔwɔ hɔ wɔ Yesu bere so no, wɔante nea atemmu ne trenee kyerɛ ankasa ase.—Mateo 23:23-28.
7. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔada Yehowa trenee adi?
7 Nea ɛne no bɔ abira koraa no, Yehowa trenee da adi pefee wɔ ne nneyɛe nyinaa mu. Ɛwom sɛ ne trenee hwehwɛ sɛ ommu n’ani ngu nnipa a wɔboapa yɛ bɔne no so de, nanso ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn tirimmɔdenfo a ɔyɛ katee a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro no na wɔmmɛn no koraa. Mmom no, n’asɛntrenee ama adesamma anya kwan a wɔbɛfa so abɛn no na wɔanya ogye afi ɔhaw kɛse a bɔne de aba mu. Enti ɛfata koraa sɛ wɔka Yehowa ho asɛm sɛ “Onyankopɔn a ɔteɛ na ogye nkwa.”—Yesaia 45:21.
Trenee ne Ogye
8, 9. Akwan bɛn so na Mmara no da Onyankopɔn trenee adi?
8 Sɛ wobɛte abusuabɔ a ɛda Onyankopɔn trenee ne ɔdɔ mu a ofi gye nkwa no ase a, susuw Mmara a ɔnam Mose so de maa Israel man no ho hwɛ. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ na Mmara no teɛ. Wɔ Mose ne Israel man no nkradi mu no, ɔkaee wɔn sɛ: “Ɔman kɛse Deuteronomium 4:8) Mfehaha bi akyi no, Israel hene, Dawid kae sɛ: “[Yehowa, NW] atemmude yɛ nokware, ne nyinaa teɛ.”—Dwom 19:9.
bɛn na ɛwɔ ahyɛde ne atemmude trenee sɛ mmara a mede resi mo anim nnɛ yi nyinaa?” (9 Yehowa nam Mmara no so maa papa ne bɔne ho gyinapɛn a ɛteɛ a ɔwɔ no mu daa hɔ pefee. Mmara no kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na ɛsɛ sɛ Israelfo no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ ɔsom mu, aguadi mu, aware mu nkitahodi mu, aduan ne ahotew, ne atemmu mu nso kɔɔ akyiri. Na asotwe a emu yɛ den nso wɔ Mmara no mu a wɔde tia wɔn a wobu so no, na mpo wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, na ebu kumfɔ. * Nanso so na Onyankopɔn trenee ahwehwɛde a ɛwɔ Mmara no mu no yɛ katee ne adesoa ma nkurɔfo no a na ɛmma wonnya ahofadi ne anigye sɛnea nnipa pii kyerɛ nnɛ no?
10. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔn a na wɔdɔ Yehowa no tee nka wɔ ne mmara horow ho?
10 Wɔn a wɔdɔ Yehowa no nyaa anigye kɛse wɔ ne trenee mmara ne ahyɛde ahorow no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛnyɛ sɛ Ɔhene Dawid gyee Yehowa atemmusɛm toom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware na ɛteɛ nko sɛnea yɛahu no, na mmom ofi komam kyerɛɛ ho anigye ne anisɔ nso. Ɛdefa Yehowa mmara ne n’atemmusɛm ho no, ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Ɛyɛ akɔnnɔ sen sika ne amapa pii, na ɛyɛ fremfrem sen ɛwo ne ahwerew mu nsu. W’akoa nam so hu de, ɛsodi mu wɔ akatua pii.”—Dwom 19:7, 10, 11.
11. Ɔkwan bɛn so na Mmara no yɛɛ ‘ɔyɛnfo a ɔkyerɛ Kristo so kwan’?
11 Mfehaha bi akyi no, Paulo twee adwene sii mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ Mmara no so no so. Wɔ ne krataa a ɔde kɔmaa Galatifo no mu no, ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Mmara ayɛ yɛn yɛnfo a ɛkyerɛ yɛn Kristo so kwan, na wɔafi gyidi mu abu yɛn bem.” (Galatifo 3:24) Wɔ Paulo bere so no, na ɔyɛnfo yɛ ɔsomfo anaa akoa wɔ fie kɛse mu. Ná ɛyɛ n’asɛde sɛ ɔbɔ mmofra ho ban na ɔde wɔn kɔ sukuu. Saa ara na Mmara no bɔɔ Israelfo no ho ban fii amanaman a na atwa wɔn ho ahyia no som mu nneyɛe a ɛmfata ho. (Deuteronomium 18:9-13; Galatifo 3:23) Bio nso, Mmara no maa Israelfo huu sɛ wɔyɛ abɔnefo a wohia fafiri ne ogye. (Galatifo 3:19) Afɔrebɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow no twee adwene sii hia a agyede afɔrebɔ ho hia so na ɛma wonyaa nkɔmhyɛ kwan so nhwɛsode a wɔnam so behu nokware Mesia no. (Hebrifo 10:1, 11, 12) Enti, bere a Yehowa nam Mmara no so daa ne trenee adi no, na nkurɔfo no yiyedi ne wɔn daakye nkwagye ho asɛm na ɛwɔ n’adwenem.
Wɔn a Onyankopɔn Buu Wɔn Atreneefo
12. Sɛ Israelfo no hwɛɛ yiye dii Mmara no so a, dɛn na anka wobenya?
12 Esiane sɛ na Mmara a Yehowa de mae no teɛ ɔkwan biara so nti, na anka Israelfo no nam ɛsodi so betumi anya gyinabea pa wɔ Onyankopɔn anim. Bere a aka kakra ma Deuteronomium 6:25) Bio nso na Yehowa ahyɛ bɔ sɛ: “Monkora m’ahyɛde ne m’atemmude a onipa a ɔyɛ no benya mu nkwa no. Mene [Yehowa, NW].”—Leviticus 18:5; Romafo 10:5.
Israelfo no ahyɛn Bɔhyɛ Asase no so no, Mose kaee wɔn sɛ: “Sɛ yɛhwɛ di mmara nsɛm yi nyinaa so [Yehowa, NW] yɛn Nyankopɔn anim, sɛnea ɔhyɛɛ yɛn no a, ɛbɛyɛ yɛn atreneefo.” (13. So na Yehowa nteɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛe sɛ ne nkurɔfo di ne trenee Mmara no so no? Kyerɛkyerɛ mu.
13 Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, Israel sɛ́ ɔman no antumi anni ‘mmara nsɛm yi nyinaa so Yehowa anim’ ma enti wɔhweree nhyira a wɔde hyɛɛ wɔn bɔ no. Wɔanni Onyankopɔn mmara nsɛm nyinaa so efisɛ na Onyankopɔn Mmara yɛ pɛ na wɔn de wɔtɔ sin. So eyi kyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn nyɛ nokwafo anaa ɔtreneeni? Ɛnte saa. Paulo kyerɛwee sɛ: “Enti afei yebese dɛn? So ade a ɛnteɛ wɔ Onyankopɔn hɔ? Dabida!” (Romafo 9:14) Nokwarem no, ansa na wɔde Mmara no rema ne ɛno akyi no, na Onyankopɔn abu nnipa bi sɛ wɔyɛ atreneefo ɛmfa ho sɛ na wɔnyɛ pɛ na wɔyɛ abɔnefo no. Nnipa a na wosuro Onyankopɔn no bi ne Noa, Abraham, Hiob, Rahab, ne Daniel. (Genesis 7:1; 15:6; Hiob 1:1; Hesekiel 14:14; Yakobo 2:25) Ɛnde asɛmmisa no ne sɛ: Dɛn so na Onyankopɔn gyina buu saafo yi atreneefo?
14. Dɛn na Bible no kyerɛ bere a ɛka sɛ onipa bi yɛ “ɔtreneeni” no?
14 Sɛ Bible no ka onipa bi ho asɛm sɛ ɔyɛ “treneeni” a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ bɔne nni no ho anaasɛ ɔyɛ pɛ. Mmom no, ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bedi n’asɛyɛde ho dwuma wɔ Onyankopɔn ne nnipa anim. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔfrɛɛ Noa sɛ “onipa trenee” ne onipa a “ɔyɛ pɛ wɔ ne bere so nnipa mu” efisɛ “sɛnea Onyankopɔn hyɛɛ no nyinaa, saa ara na ɔyɛe.” (Genesis 6:9, 22; Malaki 3:18) Ná Yohane Osuboni no awofo, Sakaria ne Elisabet “nyinaa teɛ Onyankopɔn anim di [Yehowa, NW] ahyɛde ne treneede nyinaa so a ɛho nni asɛm.” (Luka 1:6) Na wɔkaa obi a na ɔnyɛ Israelni, Italiani sraani panyin bi a wɔfrɛ no Kornelio ho asɛm sɛ “onipa trenee a osuro Onyankopɔn.”—Asomafo no Nnwuma 10:22.
15. Dɛn na ɛne trenee wɔ abusuabɔ paa?
15 Bio nso, trenee a nnipa yɛ no ne obi komam tebea—gyidi a ɔwɔ ne anisɔ ne ɔdɔ a ɔwɔ ma Yehowa ne ne bɔhyɛ ahorow—wɔ abusuabɔ paa na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ nea Onyankopɔn hwehwɛ ara kwa. Kyerɛwnsɛm no ka sɛ Abraham ‘gyee Yehowa dii, na obuu eyi sɛ trenee maa no.’ (Genesis 15:6) Ná ɛnyɛ wɔ a Onyankopɔn wɔ hɔ mu gyidi nko na Abraham wɔ, na mmom na ɔwɔ ne bɔhyɛ a ɛfa ‘aseni’ no ho nso mu gyidi. (Genesis 3:15; 12:2; 15:5; 22:18) Ɛdenam gyidi a ɛte saa ne nnwuma a Abraham de kaa ho so nti, na Yehowa betumi ne no adi nsɛm na wahyira Abraham ne gyidifo foforo ɛmfa ho sɛ na wɔnyɛ pɛ no.—Dwom 36:10; Romafo 4:20-22.
16. Dɛn na ogye afɔre no mu gyidi de aba?
16 Awiei koraa no, trenee a nnipa yɛ no gyina Yesu Kristo ogye afɔre no mu gyidi so. Paulo kyerɛw afeha a edi kan mu Kristofo ho asɛm sɛ: “Wɔde [Onyankopɔn] dom nam ogye a ɛwɔ Kristo Yesu mu no so bu wɔn bem kwa.” (Romafo 3:24) Ɛhɔ no na Paulo reka wɔn a wɔapaw wɔn sɛ wɔne Kristo nkodi ade wɔ soro Ahenni mu no ho asɛm. Nanso Yesu ogye afɔre no nso buee kwan maa nnipa foforo ɔpepem pii nyaa trenee gyinabea wɔ Onyankopɔn anim. Ɔsomafo Yohane hui wɔ anisoadehu mu sɛ “nnipakuw kɛse a obi ntumi nkan wɔn . . . gyinagyina ahengua no ne oguammaa no anim hyehyɛ ntade fitaa.” Ntade fitaa no yɛ wɔn ho a ɛtew ne trenee gyinabea a wɔwɔ wɔ Onyankopɔn anim no ho sɛnkyerɛnne efisɛ na “wɔahohoro wɔn ntade ama ahoa oguammaa no mogya no mu.”—Adiyisɛm 7:9, 14.
Nya Yehowa Trenee Mu Anigye
17. Sɛ yɛpɛ sɛ yedi trenee akyi a, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ?
17 Ɔdɔ mu a Yehowa fi de ne Ba, Yesu Kristo ama sɛ nea adesamma nam no so benya trenee gyinapɛn wɔ n’anim no nkyerɛ sɛ wonya trenee gyinabea a wɔnyɛ ho adwuma biara. Ɛsɛ sɛ obi kyerɛ agyede no mu gyidi, na ɔma n’asetra ne Onyankopɔn apɛde hyia, ohyira ne ho so ma Yehowa, na ɔde nsu mu asubɔ yɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ onii no kɔ so sɛ obedi trenee ne honhom fam su horow akyi. Paulo tuu Timoteo, Kristoni a wagye asubɔ a wanya ɔsoro frɛ no fo sɛ: “Di trenee, onyamesom pa, gyidi, ɔdɔ, boasetɔ, odwo akyi.” (1 Timoteo 6:11; 2 Timoteo 2:22) Yesu nso sii hia a ehia sɛ yɛkɔ so bɔ yɛn ho mmɔden so dua bere a ɔkae sɛ: ‘Enti, monkɔ so nhwehwɛ Onyankopɔn Ahenni ne ne trenee kan’ no. Ebia yɛbɛyɛ adwuma denneennen de ahwehwɛ Onyankopɔn Ahenni mu nhyira horow, nanso so yɛbɔ yɛn ho mmɔden saa ara sɛ yebedi Yehowa akwan a ɛteɛ no akyi?—Mateo 6:33.
18. (a) Dɛn nti na ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebedi trenee akyi? (b) Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi Lot nhwɛso no mu?
18 Nokwarem no, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebedi trenee akyi. Eyi te saa efisɛ yɛn nyinaa nyɛ pɛ na yefi awosu mu tɔ kɔ bɔne so. (Yesaia 64:6) Bio nso, nnipa a wɔmfa Yehowa akwantrenee nyɛ hwee atwa yɛn ho ahyia. Yɛn tebea no te sɛ Lot a ɔtraa abɔnefo kurow, Sodom a na agye dimmɔne mu de no ara. Ɔsomafo Petro kyerɛkyerɛɛ nea enti a Yehowa huu sɛ ɛfata sɛ ogye Lot fi ɔsɛe a na ɛreba no mu mu. Petro kae sɛ: “Nea onipa trenee no traa wɔn mu hui na ɔtee no, mmarato nnwuma no yɛɛ ne kra trenee no ayayade daa nyinaa.” (2 Petro 2:7, 8) Enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ yɛn mu biara bisa ne ho sɛ: ‘So mepene nneyɛe a ɛmfata a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no so wɔ me komam? So mibu anigyede a basabasayɛ wom nanso nnipa pii ani gye ho no sɛ atantanne bi kɛkɛ? Anaasɛ ɛhaw me te sɛ nea mmarato nnwuma no haw Lot no?’
19. Sɛ yenya Onyankopɔn trenee mu anigye a, nhyira horow bɛn na yebetumi anya?
Dwom 15:1, 2) Sɛ yedi Onyankopɔn trenee akyi na yenya mu anigye a, yebetumi akura yɛne n’abusuabɔ pa mu na yɛakɔ so anya n’anim dom ne ne nhyira. Ne saa nti, yebenya asetra a abotɔyam, obu, ne asomdwoe wom. Onyankopɔn Asɛm ka sɛ: “Nea odi trenee ne adɔe akyi no, obenya nkwa, trenee ne anuonyam.” (Mmebusɛm 21:21) Afei nso, bɔ a yɛbɛbɔ yɛn ho mmɔden adi nokware na yɛayɛ nea ɛteɛ wɔ biribiara a yɛyɛ mu no bɛma yɛne afoforo anya abusuabɔ pa na yɛn asetra atu mpɔn—abrabɔ fam ne honhom fam. Odwontofo no kae sɛ: “Nhyira ne wɔn a wokura atemmu mu, ne nea odi asɛntrenee daa nyinaa.”—Dwom 106:3.
19 Saa bere yi a ɛyɛ hu na biribiara tumi si no, Yehowa trenee mu anigye a yebenya no yɛ ahobammɔ. Wobisae sɛ: “[Yehowa, NW], hena na ɔbɛsoɛ wo ntamadan mu atra mu? Hena na ɔbɛtra wo bepɔw kronkron no so?” Ɔhene Dawid buae sɛ: “Nea ɔnantew pɛpɛɛpɛ, na odi asɛntrenee, na ɔka ne komam nokware.” ([Ase hɔ asɛm]
^ nky. 9 Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnea na Mose Mmara no kɔ akyiri kodu no ho nsɛm pii a, hwɛ asɛm “Some Features of the Law Covenant,” a ɛwɔ Insight on the Scriptures po 2 a Yehowa Adansefo tintimii no nkratafa 214-20.
Wubetumi Akyerɛkyerɛ Mu?
• Dɛn ne trenee?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na nkwagye ne Onyankopɔn trenee wɔ abusuabɔ?
• Dɛn na Onyankopɔn gyina so bu nnipa sɛ wɔyɛ atreneefo?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na yebetumi anya Yehowa trenee mu anigye?
[Adesua no ho Nsɛmmisa]
[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 15]
Ɔhene Dawid fi komam kyerɛɛ Onyankopɔn mmara ho anigye
[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 16]
Onyankopɔn buu Noa, Abraham, Sakaria ne Elisabet, ne Kornelio sɛ atreneefo. Wunim nea enti a ɛte saa?