So Ɛsɛ sɛ Asɔfo Ka Amanyɔsɛm?
So Ɛsɛ sɛ Asɔfo Ka Amanyɔsɛm?
“CANADANI sɔfopɔn bi ka kyerɛɛ akwantufo bi a na wɔrekɔyɛ ɔsom ho ade sɛ, amanyɔsɛm mu a yɛde yɛn ho bɛhyɛ no betumi aboa ahiafo . . . Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea amanyɔ nhyehyɛe no ne Onyankopɔn asɛm nhyia mpo a, ‘ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde yɛn ho hyem sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yebetumi adi ahiafo asɛm ama wɔn.’”—Catholic News.
Amanneɛbɔ kyerɛ sɛ asɔfo mpanyimfo taa kamfo kyerɛ nkurɔfo sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ amanyɔsɛm mu; na saa ara na nyamesom akannifo pii gye amammui mu dibea. Ebinom abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ amanyɔsɛm yiye. Wɔkamfo afoforo, na wɔkae wɔn wɔ sɛnea wɔko tiaa nnipa mu nyiyim, ne sɛnea wɔboa ma woyii nkoasom fii hɔ ho.
Nanso, asɔremma pii na sɛ wɔn asɔfo gyina ɔfã bi wɔ amanyɔsɛm mu a, wɔn ani nnye ho. Christian Century (Kristofo Bere) mu asɛm bi a ɛfa amanyɔ nkyerɛkyerɛ ho kae sɛ: “Ɛyɛ Protestant asɔrekɔfo na na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔkasa tia amanyɔsɛm a wɔn asɔfo ka no.” Nyamesomfo pii te nka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔka amanyɔsɛm wɔ asɔre mu, efisɛ asɔre no yɛ kronkron dodo.
Eyi ma nsɛmmisa bi a ɛho hia a ɛfa nnipa nyinaa a wɔpɛ wiase a eye ho sɔre. So Kristosom mu asɛnkafo betumi ayɛ amanyɔsɛm yiye? * So amanyɔsɛm a wɔbɛka no yɛ Onyankopɔn kwan a wɔnam so nya nniso pa ne wiase a eye? So wofii Kristosom ase sɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔnam so bɛyɛ amanyɔsɛm?
Sɛnea Wofii Ase Kaa Amanyɔsɛm Wɔ Kristo Din Mu
Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Henry Chadwick ka wɔ The Early Church, (Tete Asɔre No) nhoma mu sɛ na wonim tete Kristofo asafo no sɛ “ɛnhwehwɛ wiase yi mu tumidi.” Ná ɛyɛ “ahyehyɛde a ɛmfa ne ho nhyehyɛ amanyɔsɛm, basabasayɛ, ne akodi mu.” A History of Christianity (Kristosom Abakɔsɛm) ka sɛ: “Ná Kristofo no kura gyidi bi a wonim no yiye a ɛne sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔn mu biara gye amammui mu dibea . . . Akyiri yi koraa, wɔ afeha a ɛto so abiɛsa no mfiase no, Hippolytus kae sɛ tete Kristofo no mmara hwehwɛe sɛ ɔtemmufo gyae n’adwuma ansa na watumi akɔ Asɔre no mu.” Nanso, nnipa a wɔn ani bere tumidi no de nkakrankakra fii ase dii nneɛma anim wɔ asafo ahorow pii mu, na wɔn ankasa faa abodin akɛse totoo wɔn ho so. (Asomafo no Nnwuma 20:29, 30) Ebinom pɛe sɛ wɔyɛ akannifo wɔ nyamesom ne amanyɔsɛm nyinaa mu. Nsakrae bi a ɛbaa mpofirim wɔ Roma nniso mu maa asɔfo a wɔte saa no nyaa nea na wɔrehwehwɛ no.
Wɔ afe 312 Y.B. mu no, Roma Ɔhempɔn Constantine ɔbosonsonni no ani begyee Kristosom ho. Anwonwasɛm ne sɛ, asɔre no asɔfo mpanyin no penee so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a ɔhempɔn ɔbosonsonni no bɛka na ama wɔanya nea wɔpɛ afi ne hɔ. Henry Chadwick kyerɛwee sɛ: “Asɔre no de ne ho hyehyɛɛ amanyɔsɛm mu gyinaesi ahorow a ɛho hia mu.” Dɛn na efii asɔfo ho a wɔde hyehyɛɛ amanyɔsɛm mu no mu bae?
Baabi a Amanyɔsɛm De Asɛnkafo no Kosii
Augustine, Katolek nyamekyerɛfo a na ɔwɔ tumi a ɔtraa ase wɔ afeha a ɛto so anum no mu titiriw na ɔde adwene a ɛne sɛ Onyankopɔn de asɔfo bedi dwuma sɛ amanyɔfo no bae. Osusuwii sɛ asɔre no bedi amanaman no so tumi ma ɛde asomdwoe abrɛ adesamma. Nanso abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo H. G. Wells kyerɛwee sɛ: “Europa abakɔsɛm a efi afeha a ɛto so anum besi dunum no da no adi sɛ adwene titiriw a ɛne sɛ wiase nniso a efi Onyankopɔn yi bedi tumi no dii nkogu koraa.” Kristoman amfa asomdwoe amma Europa mpo na kampɛsɛ wiase nyinaa. Nnipa pii hweree ahotoso wɔ nea wɔfrɛ no Kristosom no mu. Dɛn na ankɔ yiye?
Nnipa pii a na wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔka Kristosom ho asɛm fi adwempa mu de wɔn ho kɔhyɛɛ amanyɔsɛm mu, nanso wohui sɛ na wɔde wɔn ho rehyɛ nneɛma bɔne mu. Martin Luther a na ɔyɛ ɔsɛnkafo ne Bible nkyerɛasefo no agye din wɔ mmɔden a ɔbɔe sɛ ɔde nsakrae bɛba Katolek Asɔre mu no ho. Nanso, akokoduru a ɔde sɔre tiaa asɔre nkyerɛkyerɛ no maa wɔn a na wɔpɛ sɛ wogyina amanyɔsɛm so tew atua no mmom na wɔn ani begyee ne ho. Obu a na nnipa pii wɔ ma Luther no yerae bere a ɔno nso fii ase de n’ano totoo amanyɔsɛm mu no. Mfiase no, n’ani gyee ahiafo a na wɔretew atua atia nnipa atitiriw a wɔyɛ nhyɛso no ho. Afei, bere a atuatew no mu yɛɛ den no, ɔhyɛɛ nnipa atitiriw no nkuran sɛ wontu atuatew no ase, na wɔnam so kunkum nnipa mpempem pii. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ ahiafo no buu no ɔfatwafo. Luther san hyɛɛ nnipa atitiriw no nkuran wɔ atua a wɔtew tiaa Katolek ɔhempɔn no mu nso. Nokwarem no, mfiase no ara na Protestantfo, sɛnea wɔbɛfrɛɛ Luther akyidifo no, tew amanyɔkuw bi. Ɛhe na tumidi no de Luther kosii? Ɛsɛee no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛwom sɛ mfiase no na ɔsɔre tia nhyɛso a wɔde ba ɔsom mu atuatewfo so de, nanso akyiri yi ɔhyɛɛ ne nnamfo a wɔyɛ amanyɔfo no nkuran sɛ wɔnhyew wɔn a wɔkasa tia nkokoaa asubɔ no.
Na John Calvin yɛ ɔsɔfo a wagye din wɔ Geneva, nanso obenyaa tumi kɛse wɔ amanyɔsɛm mu. Bere a Michael Servetus kae sɛ Baasakoro no nni nnyinaso biara wɔ Kyerɛwnsɛm mu no, Calvin nam n’amanyɔsɛm mu tumi a ɔwɔ so boa ma wokum Servetus hyew no wɔ dua ho. Hwɛ sɛnea wɔman fii Yesu nkyerɛkyerɛ ho ma ɛyɛɛ nwonwa!
Ebia saa mmarima yi werɛ fii nea Bible ka wɔ 1 Yohane 5:19 no: “Wiase nyinaa da ɔbɔne no mu.” So na wɔwɔ ɔpɛ ankasa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn bere so amanyɔsɛm yiye, anaasɛ na ɛyɛ tumi ne nnamfo a wɔwɔ dibea na na wɔrehwehwɛ? Sɛnea ɛte biara no, na anka ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkae Yesu suani Yakobo asɛm a Onyankopɔn ma ɔkyerɛwee yi: “Munnim sɛ wiase adamfofa ne ɔtan a wɔtan Onyankopɔn? Enti obiara a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ wiase no adamfo no gyina hɔ sɛ Onyankopɔn tamfo.” (Yakobo 4:4) Ná Yakobo nim sɛ Yesu aka n’akyidifo no ho asɛm sɛ: “Wɔnyɛ wiase no fã, sɛnea me nso menyɛ wiase no fã no.”—Yohane 17:14, NW.
Ɛno mpo no, bere a nnipa pii gye tom sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ Kristofo de wɔn ho hyehyɛ wiase no nneyɛe bɔne mu no, nnipa a wɔte saa no kasa tia Kristofo ho a wɔtwe fi amanyɔsɛm mu no. Nokwarem no, Kristofo ‘nyɛ wiase no fã’ ankasa. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ sɛ Kristofo twe wɔn ho saa a ɛremma wontumi nna ɔdɔ adi nkyerɛ afoforo kɛse. Wogye di sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ asɔre mpanyimfo kasa tia porɔwee ne ntɛnkyea na wɔboa ma wotu ase. Nanso, so ɔfã bi a obi nnyina a Yesu kyerɛkyerɛe no ne afoforo ho a wosusuw nhyia ankasa? So Kristoni betumi atwe ne ho afi amanyɔsɛm a ɛde mpaapaemu ba no ho na bere koro no ara watumi ayɛ afoforo mmoa? Asɛm a edi hɔ no bɛhwehwɛ saa nsɛmmisa yi mu.
[Ase hɔ asɛm]
^ nky. 5 Wɔakyerɛ amanyɔsɛm ase sɛ “ɔman anaa ɔmantam bi so hwɛ ho nsɛm, titiriw nea ɛfa adwenkyerɛ anaa akansi a ɛkɔ so wɔ ankorankoro anaa amanyɔkuw ahorow a wodi tumi anaasɛ wɔn a wɔrehwɛ kwan sɛ wobedi tumi ntam ho.”—The New Oxford Dictionary of English.
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 4]
Asɔre mpanyimfo ne atumfoɔ te sɛ Ɔhempɔn Constantine yɛɛ biako de gyee amanyɔsɛm mu tumi
[Asɛm Fibea]
Musée du Louvre, Paris
[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 5]
Dɛn nti na nyamesom akannifo a wɔagye din no de wɔn ho kɔhyɛɛ amanyɔsɛm mu?
Augustine
Luther
Calvin
[Nsɛm Fibea]
Augustine: ICCD Photo; Calvin: Portrait by Holbein, from the book The History of Protestantism (Vol. II)