Sɛnea Na Wɔyam Awi De Yɛ Paanoo

WƆKA ho asɛm sɛ “ade titiriw a nkwa gyina so,” “aduan a nkurɔfo di paa,” “ade titiriw a awowaw onipa akora no so fi bere tenten ni.” Yiw, efi tete no, paanoo ayɛ onipa aduan titiriw. Nokwarem no, onipa ahiade a ɛsen biara no biako ne sɛ obenya n’ano aduan daa.

Ade titiriw a wɔde yɛ paanoo ne esiam, anaa awi-siam, na na wɔnam awi no a wɔyam so na enya. Enti, na adeyam yɛ biribi a ɛkɔ so tete mmere mu. Esiane sɛ na afiri a wɔde yam ade nni hɔ nti, hwɛ adwumaden ara a na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔbɛyam awi ma adan esiam! Wɔ Bible mmere mu no, na owiyammo a wɔyam so nnyigyei nka a wɔte kyerɛ asomdwoe ne kommyɛ, na sɛ wonte ne nka a na ɛkyerɛ ɔsɛe.—Yeremia 25:10, 11.

Wɔ nnipa abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no, dɛn na ade a wɔbɛyam no hwehwɛ? Dɛn ne akwan a wɔfa so yam ade no bi? Na ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyam awi de yɛ paanoo nnɛ?

Dɛn Nti na Adeyam Ho Hia?

Yehowa ka kyerɛɛ nnipa baanu a wodi kan, Adam ne Hawa, sɛ: “Hwɛ, mede nhaban a ɛsow aba nyinaa a ɛwɔ asase nyinaa ani, ɛne nnua nyinaa a adua a n’aba wɔ mu wɔ so mama mo sɛ ɛnyɛ mo aduan.” (Genesis 1:29) Nnuan a Yehowa Nyankopɔn de maa adesamma no bi ne nnuan a ntɛtɛw wom. Ná saa nnuan yi ho hia ma onipa asetra, efisɛ nnuan a ntɛtɛw wom nyinaa—a ebi ne awi, atoko, aburowi, ɛmo, ne aburow—kura setaakye bi a nipadua no tumi sakra mu de nya ade titiriw bi a ɛma no ahoɔden—asikre.

Nanso, wanyɛ nipadua no sɛ ɛno ankasa betumi ayam awi biara a wɔnsɔw ho no. Sɛ wɔyam nnuan a ɛte saa na wɔnoa a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ nnipa bedi. Akwantiaa a ɛsen biara a wɔyam awi ma ɛdan esiam ne sɛ wobesiw wɔ waduru mu, wɔbɛyam wɔ ɔbo so, anaasɛ wɔde n’abien nyinaa bedi dwuma.

Nneɛma a na Nnipa Ankasa Yam

Ahoni nketewa a wɔahu wɔ tete Misraim abodan mu no ma yehu owiyammo bi a na wɔde yam awi tete mmere mu, owiyammo a na wɔfrɛ no pɔnkɔ so agua. Wɔmaa no saa din no efisɛ ne yɛbea te sɛ pɔnkɔ so agua. Ná abo abien na ɛka bom yɛ saa owiyammo yi—na ɔbo a abɔ kɔ mu kakra na akyea da ase, ɛnna ɔbo ketewaa bi da so. Ná ɔdeyamfo no—a mpɛn pii no, ɔyɛ ɔbea no—kotow ɔbo no akyi de ne nsa abien so ɔbo a ɛda so no mu. Afei, na ɔde n’ahoɔden nyinaa mia ɔbo a ɛda so no so fam nea ɛwɔ ase no so fi ase yam awi no. Adeyam a ɛnkyere so nanso etu mpɔn bɛn ara ni!

Nanso, na nnɔnhwerew pii a wɔde bu nkotodwe no ma wohyia ɔhaw. Ná ɔbo a ɛda so a womia wɔn nsam de twiw nea ɛda ase no so no ma ɔdeyamfo no akyi, n’abasa, ne srɛ, ne kotodwe, ne ne nankroma yɛ no yaw daa. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ wɔ nnompe mu nyarewa mu wɔ nkrampan ahorow a wɔahu wɔ tete Siria no ma  nnompe ho animdefo ka sɛ ɔkwan a na wɔfa so yam ade no maa mmabaa nyaa adwenem nyarewa—na wɔn nkotodwe kyeakyea, na wɔn akyi nnompe nketewa paa no sɛe, na na nan kokurobeti no hon. Wɔ tete Misraim no, na ɛte sɛ nea owiyammo a wɔde yam ade no yɛ mmaawa adwuma. (Exodus 11:5) * Nhomanimfo bi gye di sɛ bere a Israelfo no refi Misraim no, owiyammo a ɛte sɛ pɔnkɔ so agua no na wɔde kaa wɔn ho kɔe.

Wobenyaa nkɔanim wɔ abo a wɔde yam ade no mu, ma enti na wotumi de abo afanu nyinaa yam ade. Akyiri yi, na ɔdeyamfo no tumi de funerɛ si ɔbo a ɛwɔ soro no so hwie awi no gu mu ma awi no ankasa kogu abo abien no ntam. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so anan anaa anum A.Y.B. mu no, Greecefo yɛɛ afiri ketewa bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bɛyam ade. Ná wɔde adwinnade bi a biribi kurukuruwa hyɛ to fam ɔbo a ɛwɔ soro no ho. Sɛ wokyim saa adwinnade yi a, na ɔbo a ɛwɔ soro a funerɛ si so no twa ne ho ma etwiw ɔbo a ɛda fam no so.

Ná owiyammo a yɛaka ho asɛm no nyinaa wɔ nsɛnnennen a anibere wom. Ná ɛsɛ sɛ womia ɔbo a ɛwɔ soro no so bere nyinaa ma etwiw nea ɛwɔ fam no so, na na ɛyɛ biribi a wontumi ntete aboa biara mma onni ho adwuma. Enti, na saa adeyam yi gyina nnipa ahoɔden so. Afei adeyam mu nimdeɛ foforo bae—owiyammo a nnipa ne mmoa nyinaa tumi him. Afei de, na wobetumi de mmoa adi dwuma.

Owiyammo a Mmoa Tumi Him Ma Adeyam Yɛ Mmerɛw

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, wɔyɛɛ owiyammo a mmoa tumi him no wɔ Mediterranea mantam mu wɔ bɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so abien A.Y.B. mu. Eduu afeha a edi kan Y.B. mu no, na Yudafo a wɔwɔ Palestina no nim owiyammo a ɛte saa no, efisɛ Yesu kaa ‘owiyammo a afurum him’ ho asɛm.—Marko 9:42.

Ná wɔde owiyammo a mmoa him yi di dwuma wɔ Roma ne Roma Ahemman no fã kɛse no ara mu. Owiyammo a ɛte saa pii da so wɔ Pompeii. Abo abien na ɛkabom yɛ owiyammo yi; nea ɛda soro no mu yɛ duru na ɛte sɛ gyirase a wotumi de funerɛ si so, ɛnna nea ɛda ase no mu yɛ sorɔnsorɔn. Sɛ ɔbo a ɛda soro no twa ne ho wɔ nea ɛda fam no so a, na wɔahwie awi agu abo abien no ntam ma ayam no fekɔfekɔ. Ná ɔbo a ɛda soro yi akɛse gu ahorow, efi sɛntimita 45 kosi 90. Ná saa ɔbo yi sorokɔ yɛ bɛyɛ sɛntimita 180.

Sɛ́ wonyaa owiyammo a emu yɛ hare no fii owiyammo a mmoa tumi him mu anaa nea mmoa tumi him no na wonya fii nea emu yɛ hare no mu de, yennim. Sɛnea ɛte biara no, na mfaso a ɛwɔ owiyammo a mmoa tumi him no so ne sɛ na esua na na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma. Ná abo nkuruwankuruwa abien a ebia n’akɛse yɛ sɛntimita 30 kosi 40 na ɛkabom yɛ owiyammo ketewa yi. Ná ɔbo a ɛda ase no apono aba soro kakra, ɛnna ɔbo a ɛda soro no nso apono kɔ mu kakra sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ebetumi atwiw nea ɛda ase no so yiye. Ná ɔbo a ɛda soro no si adwinnade kurukuruwa bi so, na na dua bi fam ho a wosom de him. Nokwarem no, na mmea abien tra di nhwɛanim, na na wɔn mu biara de ne nsa biako so nsomu no mu de him ɔbo a ɛda soro no. (Luka 17:35) Ná mmea no mu biako de ne nsa a ɛda hɔ kwa no sesaw awi no nkakrankakra gu tokuru a ɛda ɔbo a ɛda soro no mu, na na ɔbea foforo no sesaw esiam a efi owiyammo no mu ba no de gu kankyee mu anaasɛ na ɔde ntama sɛw owiyammo no ase ma esiam no gu so. Ná saa kwan a wɔfa so yam ade yi boa asraafo,  po so hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo, ne mmusua nketewa a wɔnte mmɛn mmeae a wɔyam ade no.

Ná Nsu Anaa Mfram na Ɛma Etwa ne Ho

Bɛyɛ 27 A.Y.B. mu no, Roma mfiridwuma mu nimdefo Vitruvius kaa owiyammo bi a na ɛwɔ ne bere so a na nsu ma etwa ne ho ho asɛm. Ná nsu a ɛrefram so pia hankare a ɛwɔ ntwahonan a ɛfam nhyɛmudua bi a ɛda afiri no ase ho no, na na ɛma ntwahonan no twa ne ho. Hyɛndua ahorow no ma nkoron a ɛwɔ afiri no mu nso twa ne ho. Nkoron no nso ma owiyammo kɛse a ɛda soro no twa ne ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde owiyammo a nsu ma etwa ne ho no toto owiyammo ahorow a aka no dwumadi ho? Wobu akontaa sɛ owiyammo a nsa ma etwa ne ho no tumi yam awi kilogram 10 dɔnhwerew biako, na owiyammo a ɛyɛ adwuma paa a mmoa him no tumi yam awi kilogram 50 dɔnhwerew biako. Nanso, afiri a Vitruvius kaa ho asɛm a nsu ma etwa ne ho no tumi yam awi bɛyɛ kilomita 150 kosi 200 dɔnhwerew biako. Esiane nsonsonoe kɛse ne mpɔntu a saa afiri no de bae nti, adeyam mfiri ho animdefo kɔɔ so de nnyinasosɛm titiriw a Vitruvius de too gua no dii dwuma mfehaha pii akyi.

Ná ɛnyɛ nsu a ɛrefram so nkutoo ne adebɔ mu tumi a ɛma owiyammo yɛ adwuma. Bere a wɔyɛɛ owiyammo a ɛde mframa yɛ adwuma no, na ɛno nso dwumadi te sɛ nea ɛde nsu yɛ adwuma no ara. Wofii ase de owiyammo a ɛde mframa yɛ adwuma no dii dwuma wɔ Europa wɔ bɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so 12 Y.B. mu, na wɔde dii dwuma kɛse wɔ adeyam mu wɔ Belgium, Germany, Holland, ne mmeae foforo. Wɔde dii dwuma araa kosii sɛ wonyaa afiri a ɛyam ade ankasa, na wɔde nkakrankakra gyaee koraa sɛ wɔde owiyammo a ɛde adebɔ mu ahoɔden yɛ adwuma no bedi dwuma bio.

“Yɛn Daa Aduan”

Ɛmfa ho nkɔanim a wɔanya no, wɔda so ara de ɔkwan a na wɔfa so yam ade wɔ tete mmere mu no di dwuma nnɛ wɔ asase so mmeae foforo bi. Wɔda ara so de waduru ne wɔma di dwuma wɔ Afrika mmea bi ne Pacific nsupɔw ahorow bi so. Wɔ Mexico ne Amerika Mfinimfini fam no, wɔde owiyammo a ɛte sɛ pɔnkɔ so agua no di dwuma yam awi de tõ keeki. Na wɔda so ara de owiyammo a ɛde nsu ne mframa yɛ adwuma di adwuma wɔ mmeae pii.

Wɔde mfiri a ɛno ankasa twa ne ho na ɛyam esiam a wɔde tõ paanoo wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso mu nnɛ no mu dodow no ara. Afiri no wɔ sẽ abien, enti sɛ wɔde awi no gu mu a, ɛde nkakrankakra yam no muhuu bere a etwa ne ho ntɛmntɛm no. Saa nhyehyɛe yi ma wotumi nya esiam a egu ahorow a ne bo nyɛ den.

Seesei esiam a wobenya de atõ paanoo no nyɛ biribi a ɛhyɛ brɛ bio sɛnea na ɛte bere bi no. Nanso, yebetumi akyerɛ yɛn Bɔfo no ho anisɔ sɛ ɔma yɛn awi na ɔma yenya ɔkwan a yɛbɛfa so de ayɛ ‘aduan daa.’—Mateo 6:11.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 23]

Na wɔde owiyammo a mmoa him no kyĩ ngo

[Asɛm Fibea]

Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana, Firenze

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 23]

Owiyammo a ɛte sɛ pɔnkɔ so agua a na Misrifo de di dwuma

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 22]

From the Self-Pronouncing Edition of the Holy Bible, containing the King James and the Revised versions