Nyansahu Ne Bible—So Ɛbɔ Abira Ankasa?

MFEHAHA pii ansa na wɔrewo Copernicus ne Galileo no, na nea ɛkɔfaa ntawtawdi baa Galileo ne Katolek Asɔre no ntam no wɔ hɔ. Ná tete Helafo gye di sɛ asase no wɔ amansan no mfinimfini, na nyansapɛfo Aristotle (384-322 A.Y.B.), ne nsoromma ho nimdefo ne emu hwɛfo Ptolemy (afeha a ɛto so abien Y.B.) na wɔmaa no hyetae. *

Helani akontaabu ho ɔbenfo ne nyansapɛfo Pythagoras (afeha a ɛto so asia A.Y.B.) nkyerɛkyerɛ na enyaa sɛnea Aristotle hu amansan no so tumi. Ná Pythagoras gye di sɛ biribiara a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa anaa kontonkron no ho ntumi ntɔ kyima da, na ɛno so na Aristotle gyinae kae sɛ ewim te sɛ nea wuyi gyeene ho a wuhu sɛ ahyehyɛ nkurukuruwa no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Na nkurukuruwa no mu biara hyerɛn, ɛnna asase hyɛ mfinimfini. Ɔkae sɛ nsoromma twa wɔn ho hyia na wonya wɔn ahoɔden a wɔde twa wɔn ho no fi nea edura ewim ho a ɛwɔ anim paa no mu, na ɛhɔ na ahoɔden kɛse wɔ. Ná Aristotle san gye di sɛ mmonkyimmɔnka nni owia ne ewim nneɛma foforo so.

Nyansapɛ so na Aristotle gyina kekaa nsɛm akɛse a ɛte saa na ɛnyɛ nyansahu so. Ɔtee nka sɛ  nyansa nnim sɛ wɔbɛka sɛ asase twa ne ho. Wansan annye antom sɛ asase nsɛn biribiara so anaasɛ ɛsɛn ahum mu kwa efisɛ ɔtee nka sɛ sɛ asase twa ne ho a ebetwiw biribi ho wɔ wim, na sɛ biribi ampia no bere nyinaa a, ebegyae ne ho twa. Nea na nkurɔfo nim no saa bere no maa Aristotle adwenkyerɛ no bɛyɛɛ sɛ nea ɛtɔ asom ma enti nnipa dodow no ara ne no yɛɛ adwene bɛyɛ mfirihyia 2,000. Nnansa yi ara mpo, nyansapɛfo Jean Bodin a ofi France kaa asɛm koro no ara bi wɔ afeha a ɛto so 16 no mu sɛ: “Obi a n’adwene mu da hɔ anaa ɔwɔ abɔde a aniwa hu ho nimdeɛ kakra biara ntumi nnya adwene da sɛ asase kakraka yi a emu yɛ duru saa . . . , dannan ne ho . . . na etwa owia no ho hyia, efisɛ sɛ asase twa ne ho kakraa bi mpo a, nkurow akɛse a ɛyɛ den, nkurow nketewa, ne mmepɔw betutu agu.”

Aristotle Adwenkyerɛ Bɛyɛɛ Asɔre no Nkyerɛkyerɛ

Ade foforo bio a ɛkɔfaa ntawtawdi baa Galileo ne asɔre no ntam no sii wɔ afeha a ɛto so 13 no mu, na Katolekni nimdefo Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) na ɛkɔfa bae. Ná Aquinas wɔ obu kɛse ma Aristotle ma enti ɔfrɛɛ no Nyansapɛfo Kunini. Aquinas de mfirihyia anum bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔde Aristotle nyansapɛ bɛfrafra asɔre no nkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Wade Rowland ka wɔ ne nhoma Galileo’s Mistake (Galileo Mfomso) mu sɛ ebeduu Galileo bere so no, na “Aristotle nyansapɛ a wɔde afrafra Aquinas nyamekyerɛ mu no abɛyɛ Roma Asɔre no nkyerɛkyerɛ titiriw.” Hyɛ no nsow nso sɛ saa bere no, na nyansahufo hyɛ asɔre no tumi ase. Ná asɔre no na ɛhwɛ nhomasua so. Ná asɔre no wɔ tumi wɔ nyamesom ne nyansahu nyinaa so.

Eyinom ne nea ɛkɔfaa ntawtawdi baa Galileo ne asɔre no ntam. Ansa na Galileo rebesua nsoromma ho ade mpo no, na wakyerɛw asɛm bi afa sɛnea nneɛma twa wɔn ho no ho dedaw. Wɔ emu no, ogyee nsɛm a na Aristotle a na wobu no kɛse akeka no ho kyim. Nanso, anuɔden a Galileo de kae sɛ owia na ɛwɔ amansan no mfinimfini, na saa asɛm no ne Kyerɛwnsɛm hyia no na ɛmaa Roma Atirimɔden Asɛnni no dii n’asɛm wɔ afe 1633 mu.

Bere a Galileo reyi ne ho ano no, ɔkae sɛ ogye di yiye sɛ Bible yɛ Onyankopɔn Asɛm. Ɔsan kae nso sɛ wɔkyerɛw Kyerɛwnsɛm no maa mpapahwekwa, na ka a wɔka wɔ Bible mu sɛ ɛte sɛ nea owia twa ne ho no nkyerɛ ankasa sɛ etwa ne ho ampa. Wɔamfa n’asɛm no anyɛ hwee. Esiane sɛ Galileo annye gyina a wogyinaa Helafo nyansapɛ so kyerɛkyerɛɛ Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu antom nti na wobuaa no fɔ! Afe 1992 mu ansa na Katolek Asɔre no gye toom sɛ edii mfomso wɔ Galileo asɛnni no mu.

Asuade a Ɛwom

Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi nsɛm a esisii yi mu? Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ na ɛnyɛ Bible na Galileo ne no anya. Mmom no, na ɛyɛ asɔre no nkyerɛkyerɛ na na ɔwɔ ho asɛm. Nyamesom ho nsɛm ho kyerɛwfo bi kae sɛ: “Nea yehu wɔ Galileo asɛm no mu ne sɛ, ɛnyɛ sɛ Asɔre no faa Bible mu nokwasɛm no aniberesɛm, na mmom wɔfaa no biarabiara.” Sɛ́ anka asɔre no bedi Bible nkyerɛkyerɛ akyi no, ɛmaa Helafo nyansapɛ nyaa ne nyamekyerɛ so tumi, na ɛnam so maa nnipa atetesɛm bɛkɛntɛn asɔre no so.

Eyinom nyinaa ma yɛkae Bible kɔkɔbɔ yi: “Monhwɛ yiye na obi amfa nyansapɛ ne nnaadaa hunu a ɛnam nnipa atetesɛm ne wiase mfitiasesɛm so na ɛnnam Kristo so ammɛfa mo nnommum.”—Kolosefo 2:8.

Ɛnnɛ mpo, Kristoman mu nnipa dodow no ara gye nkyerɛkyerɛ ne nyansapɛ a ɛne Bible nhyia tom. Emu biako ne Darwin adannandi nkyerɛkyerɛ a wɔagye atom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware sen adebɔ ho kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛwɔ Genesis no.  Asɔre horow no nam saayɛ so ama Darwin abɛyɛ ɛnnɛ Aristotle na wɔama adannandi abɛyɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wogye di. *

Nokware Nyansahu ne Bible Hyia

Sɛ obi ani gye nyansahu ho a, ɛnsɛ sɛ nea yɛaka dedaw no ma n’abam bu. Nokwasɛm ne sɛ, Bible no ankasa hyɛ nkuran sɛ yensua Onyankopɔn nsaano adwuma ho ade na ama yɛahu Onyankopɔn suban ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa no. (Yesaia 40:26; Romafo 1:20) Nokwarem no, wɔankyerɛw Bible no sɛ ɛnkyerɛkyerɛ nyansahu. Mmom no, ɛma yehu Onyankopɔn gyinapɛn, ne ne suban a aka a abɔde nkutoo ntumi mma yenhu, ne nea enti a ɔbɔɔ nnipa. (Dwom 19:7-11; 2 Timoteo 3:16) Wɔ eyi nyinaa akyi no, sɛ Bible ka abɔde ho asɛm a, ɛyɛ nokware bere nyinaa. Galileo ankasa kae sɛ: “Kyerɛw Kronkron no ne abɔde nyinaa fi Onyankopɔn. . . . Nokwasɛm abien ntumi mmɔ abira da.” Susuw nhwɛso a edidi so yi ho hwɛ.

Wɔ nsoromma ne okyinnsoromma a wotwa wɔn ho akyi no, nokwasɛm foforo a asete nyɛ den ne sɛ mmara kyerɛ ade biara a ɛwɔ amansan no mu kwan. Saa mmara no mu bi ne tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam. Obi a wonim sɛ ɔkae teteete sɛ mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan a wannyina Bible so na ɛkaa saa ne Pythagoras a na ogye di sɛ wobetumi agyina akontaabu so akyerɛkyerɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ amansan no mu mu no. Mfirihyia mpem abien akyi no, Galileo, Kepler, ne Newton kae sɛ onyansafo bi mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan.

Ɛyɛ Bible mu nhoma a ɛne Hiob no mu na wodii kan kae sɛ mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan. Onyankopɔn bisaa Hiob wɔ bɛyɛ afe 1600 A.Y.B. mu sɛ: ‘So wunim ɔsoro nhyehyɛe, anaa mmara?’ (Hiob 38:33) Yeremia nhoma no a wɔkyerɛw no wɔ afeha a ɛto so ason A.Y.B. no ka Yehowa ho asɛm sɛ nea  ‘ɔhyɛ ɔsram ne nsoromma’ ne ‘ɔsoro ne asase ahyɛde’ Bɔfo. (Yeremia 31:35; 33:25) Saa nsɛm yi maa Bible ho nkyerɛkyerɛmufo G. Rawlinson kae sɛ: “Kyerɛw Kronkron no akyerɛwfo ne nnɛyi nyansahu gye tom ankasa sɛ mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan wɔ amansan no mu.”

Hiob kae sɛ mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan no, edii mfirihyia apem ansa na Pythagoras a odii kan kae sɛ mmara bi na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan wɔ Bible mu reka ne de no. Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ ɛnyɛ Bible no botae ne sɛ ɛbɛma yɛahu sɛ mmara na ɛkyerɛ abɔde kwan kɛkɛ, na mmom ne botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma yɛahu sɛ Yehowa ne nneɛma nyinaa Bɔfo, na ɔno na obetumi ahyehyɛ mmara ma akyerɛ abɔde kwan.—Hiob 38:4, 12; 42:1, 2.

Nhwɛso foforo a yebetumi asusuw ho ne sɛnea nsu di kyinhyia no. Nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne sɛ, nsu a ɛwɔ po mu tu kɔ soro kɔdan mununkum, ɛtɔ gu asase so, na afei ɛsan kɔ po mu. Ɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so anan A.Y.B. na wonim sɛ obi kaa sɛnea nsu di kyinhyia no ho asɛm a wannyina Bible so na ɛkae. Nanso ansa na saa onipa no reka saa asɛm no, na Bible adi kan aka saa mfirihyia ɔhaha pii dedaw. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Israel hene Salomo kyerɛwee wɔ afeha a ɛto so 11 A.Y.B. mu sɛ: “Nsubɔnten nyinaa sen kɔ po mu, nanso ɛpo renyɛ ma: Faako a nsubɔnten no nennam kɔ no, ɛhɔ ara na ɛsan kɔ bio.”—Ɔsɛnkafo 1:7.

Saa ara na odiyifo Amos a na ɔyɛ oguanhwɛfo ne ɔpaani papahwekwa no nso kyerɛw Yehowa ho asɛm wɔ bɛyɛ afe 800 A.Y.B. mu sɛ, “ɔfrɛ ɛpo mu nsu hwie gu asase ani.” (Amos 5:8) Salomo ne Amos nyinaa de nsɛm a asete nyɛ den kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea nsu di kyinhyia no mu a na nsonsonoe nni nea wɔkae no mu ahe biara.

Bible san ka sɛ Onyankopɔn de “asase sɛn nea biribi nni.” (Hiob 26:7) Esiane nimdeɛ a na nnipa wɔ wɔ afe 1600 A.Y.B., afe a ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔkaa saa asɛm no nti, na egye onipa a ɔwɔ akokoduru paa na watumi aka sɛ ade a emu yɛ duru saa betumi asensɛn wim a biribiara nkura mu. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, Aristotle annye antom sɛ asase no nsɛn biribiara so, nanso Bible kaa saa asɛm no, edii bɛboro mfirihyia 1,200 ansa na wɔrewo Aristotle!

So ɛnyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ Bible ka nokwasɛm a ɛte saa ɛmfa ho sɛ na nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ bere a wɔkyerɛw Bible no gye atosɛm di no? Nnipa a wosusuw nneɛma ho kɔ akyiri hu eyi sɛ, ɛyɛ adanse foforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn na ɔma wɔkyerɛw Bible. Enti, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ yɛremma obi mfa nkyerɛkyerɛ biara a ennyina Onyankopɔn Asɛm so nnaadaa yɛn. Sɛnea abakɔsɛm ada no adi bere nyinaa no, nnipa nyansapɛ, wɔn a wɔasua nhoma akɔ anim yiye mpo de, twam, nanso “[Yehowa, NW] asɛm de, ɛte hɔ daa.”—1 Petro 1:25.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 6]

Nea Protestantfo Yɛe

Protestant Ɔsesɛw akannifo nso sɔre tiaa ka a wɔkae sɛ owia no na ɛwɔ amansan no mfinimfini no. Saa akannifo no bi ne Martin Luther (1483-1546), Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560), ne John Calvin (1509-64). Luther kaa Copernicus ho asɛm sɛ: “Saa kwasea yi pɛ sɛ ɔtwe nsoromma ho adesua san.”

Asesɛwfo no gyinaa kyerɛw nsɛm mu nsɛm bi te sɛ Yosua ti 10 a ɛka sɛ owia ne ɔsram ‘twɛnee’ a wɔfaa no saa ara no so na ɛkekaa wɔn nsɛm. * Dɛn nti na Asesɛwfo no gyinaa adwene a ɛte saa akyi? Nhoma, Galileo’s Mistake (Galileo Mfomso) kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ ɛwom sɛ Protestant Ɔsesɛw no maa wotumi dee wɔn ho fii Roma Katolek Asɔre no ho de, nanso “wɔanne wɔn ho amfi” Aristotle ne Thomas Aquinas adwenkyerɛ “a na Katolek ne Protestant Asɔre no agye atom no ho.”

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini ahorow]

Luther

Calvin

[Asɛm Fibea]

From the book Servetus and Calvin, 1877

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 4]

Aristotle

[Asɛm Fibea]

From the book A General History for Colleges and High Schools, 1900

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 5]

Thomas Aquinas

[Asɛm Fibea]

From the book Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1855

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 6]

Isaac Newton

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]

Bible kae sɛ nsu di kyinhyia bɛyɛ mfirihyia 3,000 a atwam ni