Adehye Bible No Ade Titiriw a Wɔatumi Ayɛ Wɔ Nhomasua Mu

HYƐN no tu fii Spain de n’ani kyerɛɛ Italy asase no ano wɔ afeha a ɛto so 16 no mfiase. Na nneɛma a ɛsom bo kɛse wom—Complutensian Polyglot Bible no mu fã kɛse a wotintimii wɔ afe 1514 ne afe 1517 ntam no. Mpofirim ara na ahum kɛse bi tui. Hyɛn no mufo bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛbɔ hyɛn no ho ban na ammem, nanso wɔn mmɔdenbɔ no yɛɛ ɔkwa. Hyɛn no ne emu nneɛma a ɛsom bo no nyinaa memee.

Saa atoyerɛnkyɛm no na ɛmaa ɛho behiae sɛ wonya Polyglot Bible no foforo. Awiei koraa no, Christophe Plantin a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nhoma tintim mu no gyee adwumaden yi too ne ho so. Na ohia obi a ɔwɔ sika a ɔde ne sika bɛboa adwuma kɛse yi, enti ɔkɔka kyerɛɛ Spain hene Philip II, sɛ ɔmmoa no. Ansa no ɔhene no resi gyinae no, okohuu Spain nhomanimfo ahorow a wɔn mu bi ne Bible nhomanimfo a wagye din, Benito Arias Montano. Ɔka kyerɛɛ Ɔhene Philip sɛ: “Sɛ wɔde Nyankopɔn som ne mfaso a asɔre no benya to nkyɛn a, ɛbɛhyɛ Wo anuonyam kɛse na ama wo din ahyeta.”

Complutensian Polyglot nkyerɛase a na wɔbɛyɛ mu nsakrae no bɛyɛ amammerɛ mu nsakrae titiriw,  enti Philip sii gyinae sɛ obefi ne komam aboa Plantin dwumadi no. Ɔde adwuma kɛse yi hyɛɛ Arias Montano nsa sɛ ɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu na onsiesie nhoma a akyiri yi wɔbɛfrɛɛ no Adehye Bible, anaa Antwerp Polyglot no mu. *

Na Philip ani gye sɛ obehu sɛnea Polyglot Bible no tintim bɛkɔ so no ma enti ɔkae sɛ sɛ wɔyɛ kratafa biara ho adwuma wie a, wɔmmrɛ no bi. Ɛda adi sɛ, na Plantin ntumi ntwɛn nkosi sɛ wɔde krataa no befi Antwerp akɔ Spain ma ɔhempɔn no akenkan ayɛ mu nsakrae ansa na wɔasan de aba. Nea ɛkɔbae ne sɛ, nkrataa a edi kan a wotintimii no nkutoo na Philip nsa kae. Ne nyinaa mu no, Montano ne abenfo baasa a wofi Louvain a wɔbɔ mmɔden no ne Plantin babea a na onnya nnii mfe aduonu no kɔɔ so kenkanee mu yɛɛ mu nsakrae.

Obi a N’ani Gye Onyankopɔn Asɛm Ho

Arias Montano ne Antwerp nhomanimfo no boom yɛɛ adwuma kama. Esiane sɛ na otie afoforo adwenkyerɛ nti, Plantin ani gyee ne ho kɛse, na wɔn ayɔnkofa ne biakoyɛ no kɔɔ so wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Ɛnyɛ Montano nhomanim nko na ɛma ɔdaa nsow kɛse na mmom ɔdɔ a na ɔwɔ ma Onyankopɔn Asɛm no nso ka ho bi. * Sɛ́ aberante no, na ne ho pere no sɛ obewie n’adesua na watumi de ne ho ama koraa asua Kyerɛwnsɛm no.

 Na Arias Montano gye di sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ Bible nkyerɛase no di mfitiase kasa a wɔde kyerɛwee no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Enti ɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ ase ma ɛne sɛnea ɛte wɔ mfitiase nkyerɛwee no mu no ahyia pɛpɛɛpɛ na ama ɔkenkanfo no ahu nokwasɛm a ɛwɔ Onyankopɔn Asɛm mu no. Montano de Erasmus nnyinasosɛm a ɔde tuu nhomanimfo fo a ɛne sɛ “wɔnka Kristo ho asɛm mfi mfitiase nkyerɛwee no mu” no na edii dwuma. Na nkurɔfo pii nte Kyerɛwnsɛm no ase efisɛ na wɔnte Latin kasa a wɔde akyerɛ ase no yiye. Eyi kɔɔ so mfe haha pii.

Sɛnea Wɔhyehyɛɛ No

Wɔde nsaano nkyerɛwee a Alfonso de Zamora siesiei na ɔyɛɛ mu nsakrae sɛ wɔde betintim Complutensian Polyglot no hyɛɛ Arias Montano nsa ma ɔde yɛɛ Adehye Bible no. *

Mfitiase no na wɔpɛ sɛ Adehye Bible no yɛ Complutensian Polyglot a ɛto so abien. Nanso wɔyɛ ma ebedii mu yiye, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔyɛɛ mu nsakrae ara kwa. Woyii Hebri kyerɛwsɛm ne Hela kyerɛwsɛm a ɛwɔ Septuagint no mu no fii Complutensian Bible no mu; afei wɔde kyerɛwsɛm foforo ne nkekaho pii a ɛkɔ akyiri kaa ho. Awiei koraa no Polyglot foforo no bɛyɛɛ apo awotwe. Wɔde mfe anum na etintimii, fi afe 1568 kosi afe 1572—sɛ wode sɛnea na ɛho adwumayɛ yɛ den no toto ho a, na ɛyɛ bere tiaa bi. Awiei koraa no, wotintim mfuamfua 1,213.

Wɔfaa “ɔkwan soronko koraa so” na etintim Complutensian Polyglot a wɔyɛɛ no afe 1517 mu no. Nanso mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a wɔde tintim Antwerp Polyglot foforo no ne emu nsɛm a na asete nyɛ den no ma ebedii mũ sen Complutensian Polyglot no. Na ɛyɛ bere titiriw wɔ nhoma tintim abakɔsɛm mu, ne titiriw no, wɔ dwuma a na wɔde bedi ayɛ Bible nkyerɛase ahorow mu nsakrae no mu.

 Ntua a Efi Onyankopɔn Asɛm Ho Atamfo Hɔ

Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ ankyɛ biara na Bible nkyerɛasefo a wɔaben yi ho atamfo yii wɔn ti mpofirim. Ɛwom sɛ na Katolek pope no apene Antwerp Polyglot no so, na na Arias Montano wɔ nidi a ɛfata sɛ nhomanimfo nuonyamfo de, nanso wɔkasa tiaa no wɔ Asɔre Asɛnnibea a ɛyɛɛ asɛm no mu nhwehwɛmu no anim. Asɔretiafo no kae sɛ n’adwuma no kaa Latin nkyerɛase a Santes Pagninus yɛe no ho asɛm sɛ mfitiase Hebri ne Hela nkyerɛase a edi mũ sen Vulgate a wodii kan kyerɛɛ ase mfe haha pii a atwam no. Wɔsan nso bɔɔ Montano sobo sɛ oyii ne nsɛm no bi fii mfitiase kasa no mu sɛnea ɔpɛ de yɛɛ Bible  nkyerɛase a edi mu—adeyɛ a wobuu no sɛ atuatew.

Asɔre Asɛnnibea a ɛhwehwɛɛ asɛm no mu no kae mpo sɛ “ɔhene no nnyaa nidi ahe biara wɔ n’adehye din a ɔde boaa adwuma no ho.” Wodii yaw sɛ Montano amma Vulgate a wɔapene so no annya tumi a ɛfata. Wɔ saa sobo yi nyinaa akyi no, wɔannya adanse ahe biara annyina so ammu Montano anaa ne Polyglot Bible no fɔ. Awiei koraa no, Adehye Bible no begyee din, na ɛbɛyɛɛ nhoma a edi mũ wɔ sukuupɔn ahorow mu.

Adwinnade a Ɛboa Bible Nkyerɛase

Ɛwom sɛ wɔanyɛ Antwerp Polyglot no amma ɔmanfo de, nanso ankyɛ na ɛbɛyɛɛ adwinnade a ɛboa Bible nkyerɛasefo. Sɛnea Complutensian Polyglot no boa maa Kyerɛwnsɛm a na ɛwɔ hɔ no mu daa hɔ no, saa ara na Antwerp Polyglot a ebesii ɛno ananmu no nso yɛe. Ɛboaa nkyerɛasefo no nso ma mfitiase kasa a wonim no tuu mpɔn. Wɔn a wɔkyerɛɛ Bible no ase kɔɔ Europa kasa atitiriw pii mu no nyaa nhoma yi so mfaso. Sɛ nhwɛso no, The Cambridge History of the Bible bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔkyerɛɛ King James Version anaa Authorized Version a agye din, a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 1611 mu no de Antwerp Polyglot no dii dwuma ma ɛboaa wɔn kɛse wɔ tete kasa horow a wɔkyerɛɛ ase no mu. Adehye Bible no nso nyaa Polyglot Bible atitiriw abien a akyiri yi wotintimii wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 mu no so nkɛntɛnso pa.—Hwɛ adaka “Polyglot Bible Ahorow No.”

Mfaso horow a ɛwɔ Antwerp Polyglot no so no bi ne sɛ ɛmaa Europa nhomanimfo no nyaa Syriac kasa mu Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm a edi kan. Wɔde saa Syriac kyerɛwsɛm no kaa Latin nkyerɛase no ho. Eyi a wɔde kaa ho no boae paa, efisɛ na Syriac nkyerɛase no yɛ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm a akyɛ yiye. Syriac nkyerɛase a wɔyɛɛ no afeha a ɛto so anum Y.B. mu no gyina nsaano nkyerɛwee a wɔyɛɛ no afeha a ɛto so abien Y.B. mu no so. Sɛnea The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia kyerɛ no, “wobegyee mfaso a ɛwɔ Peshitta a wɔayɛ mu nhwehwemu no toom. Ɛyɛ nneɛma a edi tete amammerɛ ho adanse a ɛho hia paa no mu biako a akyɛ sen biara.”

Ahum a ɛsɛe ade anaa Spainfo Asɔre Asɛnnibea no antumi ansiw Complutensian Polyglot nkyerɛase a wɔyɛɛ no akɛse na woyii no adi bio wɔ afe 1572 mu sɛ Adehye Bible no kwan. Antwerp Polygot Bible no ho abakɔsɛm yɛ mmɔden a mmarima anokwafo bɔe de bɔɔ Onyankopɔn Asɛm no ho ban ho nhwɛso foforo.

Sɛ́ mmarima a wotuu wɔn ho mae yi nim anaa wonnim no, ayamye mu a wofi brɛe no da nokwasɛm a Yesaia nkɔmhyɛ no yɛ no adi. Bɛyɛ mfe mpem abiɛsa ni no, ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Wura guan, nhwiren twam, na yɛn Nyankopɔn asɛm tim hɔ daa.”—Yesaia 40:8.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 13]

“Yɛn Nyankopɔn asɛm tim hɔ daa”

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 12]

POLYGLOT BIBLE AHOROW NO

Spain nhomanimfo Federico Pérez Castro kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Polyglot Bible yɛ nea wɔakyerɛw emu nsɛm no wɔ kasa ahorow mu. Nanso, edin a wɔde ato Bible no kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ Bible a wɔde mfitiase kasa horow na ɛkyerɛwee. Esiane eyi nti, Polyglot Bible kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ.”

1. Complutensian Polyglot (1514-17), yɛ Bible a Ɔsɔfopɔn Cisneros de ne sika boae, na wotintimii wɔ Alcalá de Henares, wɔ Spain. Wotintimii no apo asia. Na Bible mu nsɛm a ɛwɔ mu no wɔ kasa horow anan mu: Hebri, Hela, Aram, ne Latin. Ɛmaa afeha a ɛto so 16 mu nsɛm asekyerɛfo no nyaa Hebri ne Aram Kyerɛwnsɛm a na edi mũ a wɔbɛhwɛ so ayɛ adwuma.

2. Antwerp Polyglot (1568-72), Benito Arias Montano na ɔyɛɛ mu nsakrae, na ɔde Syriac Peshitta nkyerɛase mu Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm ne Aram Targum a Jonathan yɛe no kaa Complutensian mu nkyerɛwee no ho. Wɔyɛɛ Hebri nkyerɛase a na agyiraehyɛde hyehyɛ anum nnyigyei ne nsɛmfua ho no mu nsakrae sɛnea Jacob ben Hayyim yɛɛ ne Hebri nkyerɛase no. Enti ɛbɛyɛɛ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm a wogye tom a na Bible nkyerɛasefo gyina so yɛ wɔn adwuma.

3. Paris Polyglot (1629-45) no yɛ nea France mmaranimfo Guy Michel le Jay de ne sika boae. Ɛwom sɛ Samaria ne Arab kasa ka ho de, nanso wɔhwɛɛ Antwerp Polyglot no so na wɔyɛɛ eyi.

4. London Polyglot (1655-57), Brian Walton na ɔyɛɛ mu nsakrae, na ɛno nso fi Antwerp Polyglot no mu. Tete Bible a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Etiopia ne Persia kasa mu no ka Polyglot yi ho, ɛwom sɛ nkyerɛase yi amma Bible kyerɛwsɛm no anni mu de.

[Nsɛm Fibea]

Frankaa ne Antwerp Polyglot ahorow (abien a ɛwɔ ase): Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Antwerp Polyglot (ɛwɔ atifi): By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen; London Polyglot: From the book The Walton Polyglot Bible, Po. III, 1655-1657

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 9]

Philip II, Spain hene

[Asɛm Fibea]

Philip II: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 10]

Arias Montano

[Asɛm Fibea]

Montano: Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 10]

Tete nhoma tintimbea a ɛwɔ Antwerp, Belgium

[Asɛm Fibea]

Afiri a wɔde tintim nhoma: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 11]

Benkum so: Christophe Plantin ne Antwerp Polyglot kratafa a wɔakyerɛw asɛmti no

[Asɛm Fibea]

Kratafa a wɔakyerɛw asɛmti ne Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 11]

Atifi: Exodus ti 15 no wɔ afã horow anan

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 9]

Kratafa a wɔakyerɛw asɛmti ne Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 13]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid