Baruk—Yeremia Kyerɛwfo Nokwafo
Baruk—Yeremia Kyerɛwfo Nokwafo
WUNIM “Neria ba Baruk”? (Yeremia 36:4) Ɛwom sɛ ne din pue wɔ Bible ti ahorow anan pɛ mu de, nanso Bible akenkanfo nim no yiye sɛ na ɔyɛ odiyifo Yeremia kyerɛwfo ne yɔnko berɛbo. Wɔn baanu nyinaa traa ase wɔ mfe 18 a etwa to wɔ Yuda ahemman no bere a emu yɛ den paa mu, bere a Babilonfo bɛsɛee Yerusalem wɔ afe 607 A.Y.B., na ɛno akyi wotu kɔɔ Misraim no.
Afeha a ɛto so ason A.Y.B. dɔte nsɔano * abien a wohui nnansa yi a wɔakyerɛw so, “Ɛyɛ Neriyahu [Neria Hebri din] ba Berekhyahu [Baruk Hebri din] a ɔyɛ Ɔkyerɛwfo no dea” no, ama nhomanimfo adwene aba Bible mu nipa yi so. Ná hena ne Baruk? Abusua bɛn mu na na ofi, dibea bɛn na na ɔwɔ, na ne nhomanim nso ɛ? Dɛn na Yeremia akyi a ogyinaa denneennen no ma yehu? Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi ne ho asɛm no mu? Ma yɛnhwehwɛ mmuae no mfi Bible ne abakɔsɛm a ɛfa ne ho no mu.
Abusua a Ofi Mu ne Ne Dibea
Nhomanimfo pii gye di sɛ na Baruk fi akyerɛwfo a wɔagye din yiye abusua mu wɔ Yuda. Wogyina nneɛma pii so na ɛka saa asɛm yi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Bible de abodin soronko, “ɔkyerɛwfo” na ɛfrɛ Baruk. Kyerɛwnsɛm no san ka sɛ na ne nuabarima Seraia yɛ ɔbapɔmma wɔ Ɔhene Sedekia ahemfie.—Yeremia 36:32; 51:59.
Philip J. King a otutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu no kyerɛw wɔn a na wɔyɛ akyerɛwfo wɔ Yeremia bere so no ho asɛm sɛ: “Akyerɛwfo yɛ nnipakuw bi a na wɔagye din wɔ Yuda wɔ afeha a ɛto so ason no awiei ne afeha a ɛto so asia A.Y.B. no mfiase mu. . . . Ná ahemfie mmapɔmma na wɔde abodin yi frɛ wɔn.”
Bio nso, asɛm a ɛwɔ Yeremia ti 36 a yebesusuw ho akɔ akyiri no bɛma yɛahu sɛ na Baruk tumi kɔ ɔhene afotufo no nkyɛn, na na wɔma no kwan ma ɔkɔ Gemaria a ɔyɛ bapɔmma no pia mu. Bible ho ɔbenfo James Muilenberg kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Ná Baruk betumi akɔ ɔkyerɛwfo no pia mu efisɛ na ɔwɔ hokwan sɛ ɔkɔ hɔ, na na n’ankasa ka ahemfie mmapɔmma a na wɔabehyiam wɔ saa bere titiriw yi mu rebɛkenkan nhoma mmobɔwee no ho. Ná ɔne ne mfɛfo mmapɔmma na ahyiam.”
Nhoma bi nso kyerɛkyerɛ Baruk dibea mu sɛ: “Esiane sɛ wohuu Berekhyahu dɔte nsɔano sɛ ɛka mmapɔmma afoforo dɔte nsɔano pii ho nti, ntease wom sɛ yɛbɛka sɛ na Baruk anaa Berekhyahu ne mmapɔmma a wɔwɔ ahemfie hɔ no nyinaa yɛ adwuma biako.” (Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals) Yebetumi agyina nea yɛahu yi so aka sɛ na Baruk ne ne nua Seraia yɛ mmapɔmma a wɔboaa odiyifo nokwafo Yeremia wɔ bere a na emu yɛ den paa ansa na wɔresɛe Yerusalem no.
Ogyinaa Yeremia Akyi
Wɔ ‘Yehoiakim afe a ɛto so anan’ mu anaa bɛyɛ afe 625 A.Y.B. na wodii kan kaa Baruk Yeremia ti 36 no. Ebeduu saa bere yi no, na Yeremia de mfe 23 asom sɛ odiyifo.—Yeremia 25:1-3; 36:1, 4.
ho asɛm sɛnea wɔakyerɛw wɔSaa bere no, Yehowa ka kyerɛɛ Yeremia sɛ: “Fa nhoma mmobɔwee bi kura, na kyerɛw nsɛm a maka makyerɛ wo, Israel ne Yuda ne amanaman no nyinaa ho no nyinaa, . . . fi Yosia bere so de bedu nnɛ da yi no hyɛ mu.” Asɛm no toa so sɛ: “Ɛnna Yeremia frɛɛ Neria ba Baruk, na Baruk kyerɛw [Yehowa, NW] nsɛm a ɔka kyerɛɛ Yeremia no nyinaa.”—Yeremia 36:2-4.
Dɛn nti na wɔfrɛɛ Baruk? Yeremia ka kyerɛɛ no sɛ: “Me de, wɔato me mu, mintumi menkɔ [Yehowa, NW] fi.” (Yeremia 36:5) Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na nsɛm a Yeremia adi kan aka no ahyɛ mpanyimfo no abufuw ma enti wɔbaraa no sɛ ɔnnkɔ faako a na wɔbɛkenkan Yehowa asɛm wɔ asɔrefie hɔ no. (Yeremia 26:1-9) Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ na Baruk yɛ Yehowa somfo nokwafo, na ɔyɛɛ “sɛnea odiyifo Yeremia hyɛɛ no no nyinaa.”—Yeremia 36:8.
Kɔkɔbɔ nsɛm a wɔde mae wɔ mfe 23 mu no gyee bere tenten ansa na wɔrekyerɛw, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na Yeremia nso retwɛn bere pa a wɔde bɛkyerɛw. Nanso wɔ November anaa December 624 A.Y.B. no, Baruk de akokoduru “kenkan Yeremia nsɛm a ɛwɔ nhoma no mu no guu ɔman no nyinaa asom, [Yehowa, NW] fi, . . . Gemaria pia . . . no mu.”—Yeremia 36:8-10.
Gemaria ba Mikaia kaa nea asi no kyerɛɛ ne papa ne mmapɔmma a wɔwɔ hɔ no bi, na wɔfrɛɛ Baruk ma ɔbɛkenkan nsɛm no guu wɔn asom bio. Kyerɛwtohɔ no ka sɛ: “Wɔtee nsɛm no nyinaa no, wɔde ahodwiriw hwehwɛɛ wɔn ho anim, na wɔka kyerɛɛ Baruk sɛ: Yɛbɛka nsɛm yi nyinaa akyerɛ ɔhene. . . . Kɔ na kohintaw, wo ne Yeremia, na obiara anhu nea mowɔ.”—Yeremia 36:11-19.
Bere a Ɔhene Yehoiakim tee nea Yeremia ka maa Baruk kyerɛwee no, ɔde abufuw tetew nhoma mmobɔwee no mu de guu ogya mu, na ɔhyɛɛ ne mmarima no sɛ wɔnkyere Yeremia ne Baruk. Bere a Yeremia ne Baruk wɔ ahintawee mu no, Yehowa hyɛɛ wɔn ma wɔkyerɛw kan nsɛm no bio.—Yeremia 36:21-32.
Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ na Baruk nim asiane a ɛwɔ adwuma yi mu. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na onim sɛnea wohunahunaa Yeremia mfe kakra a atwam no. Afei nso ebia na wate nea ato Uria a ɔhyɛɛ nkɔm te “sɛ Yeremia de no ara” ma Ɔhene Yehoiakim kum no no. Ne nyinaa akyi no, na Baruk wɔ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔde ne nimdeɛ ne ayɔnkofa a ɛda ɔne ahemfie mmapɔmma no ntam no boa Yeremia wɔ ne dwumadi no mu.—Yeremia 26:1-9, 20-24.
Nhwehwɛ “Ade Kɛse” Mfa
Baruk faa ahohia mu bere a na ɔrekyerɛw nhoma mmobɔwee a edi kan no. Ɔteɛɛm sɛ: “Minnue, sɛ [Yehowa, NW] de ɛyaw ka m’awerɛhow ho. Mabrɛ ne apinisi, na minnya ɔhome bi.” Dɛn na ɛmaa ne ho hiahia no saa?—Yeremia 45:1-3.
Yenni ho mmuae biara. Nanso bɔ mmɔden yɛ Baruk tebea no ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem hwɛ. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ mfe 23 a wɔde bɔɔ Israel ne Yuda man no kɔkɔ no maa ɛdaa adi pefee sɛ na saa aman no atwe wɔn ho afi Yehowa ho. Yehowa tirim a na wabɔ sɛ ɔbɛsɛe Yerusalem ne Yuda, ne mfe 70 a ɔbɛma wɔakɔ nkoasom mu wɔ Babilon no maa Baruk ho dwiriw no. Eyi yɛ asɛm a Yehowa yii no adi kyerɛɛ wɔn saa afe a na wɔrekyerɛw nhoma mmobɔwee no mu nsɛm no, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔde hyɛɛ mu. (Yeremia 25:1-11) Bio nso, na Yeremia akyi a ogyina denneennen wɔ saa bere titiriw no mu no betumi ama ne dibea ne n’adwuma abɔ no.
Sɛnea ɛte biara no, Yehowa ankasa de ne ho gyee nsɛm mu boaa Baruk ma ɔde Yeremia 45:4, 5.
n’adwene sii atemmu a na ɛreba no so. Yehowa kae sɛ: “Nea misii no, meredwiriw, na nea miduae no, meretutu, na eyi bɛba asase no nyinaa so.” Afei otuu Baruk fo sɛ: “Wo na worehwehwɛ ade kɛse afa? Nhwehwɛ.”—Yehowa ankyerɛ nea saa “ade kɛse” yi yɛ, nanso ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na Baruk nim sɛ ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɔde asi n’ani so, din a obegye anaa honam fam nneɛma a obenya. Yehowa tuu no fo sɛ onnya adwempa na ɔnkae nea ɛreba no: “Mede bɔne mereba ɔhonam nyinaa so, . . . na mede wo kra mɛma wo sɛ asade, baabiara a wobɛkɔ.” Baabiara a Baruk bɛkɔ no na wɔbɛkora ade a ɛsom bo paa ma no so—ne nkwa.—Yeremia 45:5.
Bere a nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw wɔ Yeremia ti 36 ne 45 sisii wɔ afe 625 besi 624 A.Y.B. mu akyi no, Bible anka Baruk ho asɛm kosi sɛ aka asram kakra ma Babilonfo abɛsɛe Yerusalem ne Yuda wɔ afe 607 A.Y.B. mu no. Dɛn na esii wɔ saa afe no mu?
Baruk Gyinaa Yeremia Akyi Bio
Bere a Babilonfo kaa Yerusalem hyɛɛ mu no, Baruk ho asɛm puee Bible mu bio. Bere a Yehowa ka kyerɛɛ Yeremia sɛ ɔnkɔtɔ ne busuani afuw anaa asase wɔ Anatot, ade a ɛkyerɛ sɛ na wɔbɛba wɔn asase so bio no, na Yeremia “da dua mu, Yuda ahemfi awɛmfo abangua mu.” Wɔfrɛɛ Baruk sɛ ɔmmɛboa ma wɔnyɛ ho nkrataa.—Yeremia 32:1, 2, 6, 7.
Yeremia kyerɛɛ mu sɛ: “Mekyerɛw mehyɛɛ nhoma mu, na mesɔw ano, na mefrɛɛ adansefo, na mede nsenia mekarii dwetɛ no. Na mede ɔtɔ nhoma a wɔasɔw ano no, . . . ne nea ano da hɔ no, na mede ɔtɔ nhoma no memaa . . . Baruk.” Afei ɔka kyerɛɛ Baruk sɛ ɔnsɔw ɔtɔ nhoma no ano nkora so wɔ kuku bi mu. Nhomanimfo bi gye di sɛ bere a Yeremia kae sɛ ‘ɔkyerɛw’ nhoma no, nea ɛbɛkyerɛ ne sɛ ɔkasae ma Baruk a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo no kyerɛwee.—Yeremia 32:10-14; 36:4, 17, 18; 45:1.
Baruk ne Yeremia faa mmara kwan a na wɔfa so tɔ ade saa bere no so. Ɔkwan biako ne sɛ, na wɔyɛ ɔtɔ nhoma anaa nkrataa abien. Nhoma bi kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Ná wɔfrɛ nea edi kan no ‘nhoma a wɔasɔw ano’ efisɛ na wɔbobɔw de dɔte nsɔano sɔw ano; ɛno mu na nsɛm a edi kan no ankasa wɔ. . . . Nea ɛto so abien a ɛyɛ ‘nhoma a ano da hɔ’ no yɛ nea edi kan no a wɔahwɛ so ayɛ a obiara tumi hwɛ mu bi. Enti, na nhoma no yɛ abien, nea edi kan no ne nea wɔahwɛ so ayɛ bi a wɔakyerɛw wɔ mmɛw krataa abien so.” (Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals) Fam a wotutu hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu ama ada adi sɛ na wɔkora nhoma yi so wɔ kuku mu.
Awiei koraa no, Babilonfo bɛko faa Yerusalem de ogya toom, na wɔfaa nnipa dodow no ara kɔɔ nkoasom mu ma ɛkaa ahiafo kakraa bi pɛ. Nebukadnesar paw Gedalia sɛ amrado, nanso asram abien akyi no wokum Gedalia. Yudafo a aka no antie Onyankopɔn afotu a ɔnam Yeremia so de maa wɔn no, na mmom wɔyɛɛ wɔn adwene sɛ wobetu akɔ Misraim, na saa bere yi na wɔsan bɔɔ Baruk din.—Yeremia 39:2, 8; 40:5; 41:1, 2; 42:13-17.
Yudafo akannifo no ka kyerɛɛ Yeremia sɛ: “Atosɛm na woreka yi, [Yehowa, NW] yɛn Nyankopɔn nsomaa wo sɛ ka sɛ: Monnkɔ Misraim nnkɔsoɛ hɔ ahɔho, ɛ! Na Neria ba Baruk na opiapia wo hyɛ yɛn, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na ɔde yɛn ahyɛ Kaldeafo nsa, na wɔakum yɛn, na wɔatu yɛn akɔ Babel.” (Yeremia 43:2, 3) Ɛte sɛ nea sobo a Yudafo akannifo no bɔɔ Baruk no kyerɛ sɛ na wogye di sɛ Baruk wɔ Yeremia so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. So na wogye di sɛ esiane Baruk dibea anaa bere tenten a ɔne Yeremia afa yɔnko nti, na ɔyɛ boro nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛwfo ma odiyifo no so? Ebetumi aba saa, nanso ɛmfa ho nea na Yudafo akannifo no susuw biara no, na asɛm no fi Yehowa ankasa hɔ.
Kɔkɔbɔ a Onyankopɔn de maa Yudafo a wɔaka no nyinaa akyi no, wɔde “odiyifo Yeremia ne Neria ba Baruk” kaa wɔn ho kɔe. Yeremia kyerɛwee sɛ: “Wɔde wɔn kɔɔ Misraim asase so, efisɛ wɔantie [Yehowa, NW]; na wɔbaa Tahpanhes,” kurow a ɛbɛn Nil asubɔe wɔ apuei fam wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Sinai hye so. Efi saa bere no, Bible anka Baruk ho asɛm bio.—Yeremia 43:5-7.
Dɛn na Yebetumi Asua Afi Baruk Asɛm Yi Mu?
Yebetumi asua nneɛma pii afi Baruk asɛm yi mu. Asuade titiriw biako ne ɔpɛ a na ɔwɔ sɛ ɔde ne nimdeɛ ne abusuabɔ a na ɔne mmapɔmma no wɔ bɛboa Yehowa som, ɛmfa ho nea ɛbɛto no biara. Ɛnnɛ, Yehowa Adansefo mmarima ne mmea pii da su a ɛte saa ara adi, na wɔde wɔn nimdeɛ boa wɔ Betel, adansi adwuma, ne nea ɛkeka ho mu. Wobɛyɛ dɛn ada Baruk su yi bi adi?
Bere a wɔka kyerɛɛ Baruk sɛ ɛho nhia sɛ ɔhaw ne ho hwehwɛ “ade kɛse” wɔ Yuda man no nna a edi akyiri mu no, ɛda adi sɛ otiei efisɛ onyaa ne kra sɛ asade. Esiane sɛ yɛte wiase yi nna a edi akyiri mu nti, ɛfata sɛ yɛde afotu yi bɔ yɛn bra. Bɔhyɛ koro no ara na Yehowa de ma yɛn—yɛn nkwa pɛ na ɔbɛkora so. So yebetumi ayɛ yɛn ade te sɛ Baruk?
Yenya asuade foforo a mfaso wɔ so wɔ asɛm yi mu. Baruk boaa Yeremia ma ɔne ne nua yɛɛ nkrataa a ɛfata wɔ asase a Yeremia tɔe no ho, ɛmfa ho sɛ na mmarima yi yɛ abusuafo no. Eyi yɛ nhwɛso pa a ɛwɔ Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu a ɛsɛ sɛ Kristofo suasua bere a wɔne wɔn nuanom mmarima ne mmea reyɛ adwuma bi no. Adwuma ho nsɛm a yɛbɛyɛ ho nkrataa no yɛ ade pa a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuasua, efisɛ ɛne Kyerɛwnsɛm hyia, mfaso wɔ so, na ɛkyerɛ ɔdɔ.
Ɛwom sɛ wɔnka Baruk ho asɛm pii wɔ Bible mu de, nanso ɛfata sɛ Kristofo nyinaa suasua no nnɛ. Wubesuasua Yeremia kyerɛwfo nokwafo yi nhwɛso pa no?
[Ase hɔ asɛm]
^ nky. 3 Dɔte nsɔano yɛ dɔtetɔw a wɔde sɔ ahama a wɔde akyekyere nhoma mmobɔwee so. Ná wɔkyerɛw nhoma mmobɔwee no wura din gu so.
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 16]
Baruk dɔte nsɔano
[Asɛm Fibea]
Dɔte nsɔano: Courtesy of Israel Museum, Jerusalem