Iintsiba Indalo Emangalisayo

LIWAJONGISE phantsi amaphiko alo, ingabangaba lintingela phezulu. Lithi lakuba lisemajukujukwini, liphaphazela nje lula njengoko liqhutywa ngumoya. Ijika nje kancinane ngamaphiko nomsila, le ntaka indand’ emoyeni ngath’ imile. Yintoni eyibangel’ ikwazi ukwenjenje lula kangaka nangobuchule? Ubukhulu becala, incedwa ziintsiba.

Ziintaka kuphela namhlanje ezikhul’ iintsiba. Inkoliso yeentaka ineentsiba ezingafaniyo. Ezona zibonakalayo ziintsiba ezingaphezulu zokubhabha ezenza le ntaka ibonakal’ igudile. Ezi ntsiba zisemaphikweni nasemsileni, amalungu ayenza ikwazi ukubhabha. Ingcungcu inezi ntsiba ezinokuba li-1 000, kanti ezedada zingaphezu kwama-25 000.

Iintsiba zidalwe kakuhle gqitha. Isikhondo esisembindini esibizwa ngokuba yirachis, sibhetyebhetye kodwa somelele ngendlela engummangaliso. Kwesi sikhondo kukho uluhlu lwamagwegwe abizwa ngokuba ziibarbs ayila indawo emcaba negudileyo yeentsiba ekuthiwa yivane. La magwegwe aqhogana namanye amagwegwana ekuthiwa ziibarbules, yaye la abambelela kwamany’ akufuphi ngokungathi yiziphu. Xa la magwegwana evuleka, intaka iyazichaza aphinde la magwegwe abambane. Nawe unokukwenza oku ngokufaka usiba oludala phakathi kweminwe uze ulutsale ngobunono.

Iintsiba zokubhabha zilungelelene—ivane icuthene ngaphambili kunangasemva. Indlela eyilwe ngayo le ndawo ukuze ikwazi ukulawula umoya yenza usiba ngalunye lokubhabha lube ngathi liphiko. Kwakhona, xa uqwalasela usiba lokubhabha, uya kubona ifolo ehamba ngaphantsi kwerachis. Indlela entle nelula elidalwe ngayo usiba yenza isikhondo somelele, size sikwazi ukugoba, phofu ke, singaphuki.

Iintsiba Zenza Imisebenzi Emininzi

Phakathi kweentsiba zokubhabha kukho ezinye iintsiba ezinde nezicekethekileyo ekuthiwa ziifiloplumes nezinye ekuthiwa ziipowder feathers. Kucingelwa ukuba ezikhondweni zeefiloplumes kukho izimva-mvo ezichazela intaka xa kukho into ephazamisa iintsiba zayo ezingaphezulu yaye ezi zimva-mvo zisenokuyinceda isiqonde isantya ebhabha ngaso. Amagwegwe eepowder feathers—ekuphela kweentsiba ezihlala zikhula nezingasoze ziwe— ayavuthuluka abe ngumgubo ocolekileyo ekucingelwa ukuba uthintela amanzi angangeni.

Ukongezelela, iintsiba zithintela ubushushu, ingqele nelanga. Ngokomzekelo, amadada aselwandle ayaphila enoba imimoya yaselwandle iqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo. Asindiswa yintoni? Ngaphantsi kweentsiba zokubhabha ezishinyeneyo kukho iintsiba ezithambileyo nezifukufuku ekuthiwa ziidown, ezisenokuba ziziisentimitha ezisisi-1,7 ubude nezigqume phantse wonke umzimba wedada. Ezi ntsiba zithintela nantoni na ingaphumeli, yaye umntu akakakwazi ukwenza nantoni na efana nazo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha iintsiba ziyavuthuluka, kuze kukhule ezinye ezintsha. Kwinkoliso yeentaka iintsiba zivuthuluka emaphikweni nasemsileni ngendlela elungeleleneyo ukuze zihlale zikwazi ukubhabha.

“Ziyilwe Kakuhle Gqitha”

Kufun’ umgudu, ubuchule neengcungela zoononjineli ukuze kwenziwe iinqwelo-moya ezikhuselekileyo. Kuthekani ngeentaka neentsiba? Ekubeni kungekho bungqina bokuba iintsiba zaguquka, oonondaleko baphikisana gqitha ngendlela iintsiba ezayileka ngayo. Iphephancwadi iScience News lithi “abantu abakholelwa kunqulo, abagculeli nabagxeka yonk’ into le, nezazinzulu zezidalwa zamandulo bayakuphepha ukuxoxa ngalo mbandela.” Esinye isazi sendaleko, esasiququzelela le ngqungquthela, singenabhongo sathi: “Andizange ndiyicinge nakancinane into yokuba kungaze kube krakra ngale ndlela kwingxoxo yeenzululwazi.” Ukuba ngokwenene iintsiba zabakho ngendaleko, yintoni ebangela impikiswano eshushu ngolu hlobo?

IManual of Ornithology—Avian Structure and Function yeYale University ithi: “Iintsiba zigqibelele ngomlinganiselo othile—yiloo nto ke kanye le ibangela ingxaki.” Akukho nto ibonisa nakancinane ukuba kwafuneka iintsiba ziphuculwe. Inyaniso ikukuba, “iintsiba zezidalwa zamandulo azahlukanga kwaphela kwiintsiba zeentaka zanamhlanje.” a Sekunjalo, oonondaleko bafundisa ukuba iintsiba zavela ngokuthe  ngcembe ngokukhula koboya. Le ncwadi ithi, “ayinakwenzeka into yokuba iintsiba zibe zazivelela zingakhange ziguquke ngokwamanqanaba.”

Ngamany’ amazwi, nemfundiso yendaleko ayikwazi kuchaza indlela olwavela ngayo usiba lingakhange inqanaba ngalinye kwiinguqulelo ezathabath’ ixesha elide liyiphucule ngendlela ebonakalayo indlela eso sidalwa esasiphila ngayo. Izazinzulu ezininzi zikufumanisa kuyinkohla ukukholelwa ukuba into entsokothe nesebenza kakuhle njengosiba ingasuka ibekho nje ngolo hlobo.

Ngapha koko, ukuba iintsiba zaguquka ngokuthe ngcembe emva kwexesha elide, zifanele zibekho ezo zangaphambili. Kodwa akukho nolunye, kuphela nje ziintsiba ezipheleleyo ezifumanekayo. Le ncwadi ithi: “Ngelishwa iintsiba zintsokothe gqitha ukuba zingachazwa ngemfundiso yendaleko—yaye azinakuba zazivelela.”

Asizontsiba Kuphela Ezifunekayo Ukuze Intaka Ibhabhe

Indlela eziyilwe kakuhle ngayo iintsiba zentaka yenye kwiingxaki oonondaleko abanazo kuba phantse wonke umzimba wentaka udalelwe ukubhabha. Ngokomzekelo, amathamb’ entaka alula yaye aholo-holo, amalungu ayo okuphefumla asebenza ngokusemagqabini, izihlunu ngokukhethekileyo zenzelwe ukuphaphazela nokulawula amaphiko. Inezihlunu eziliqela zokulawula ukuma kosiba ngalunye. Kwakhona intaka inemithambo exokomezela isihlunu ngasinye kubuchopho bayo obuncinane nobuyalelwe kusengaphambili ukulawula zonke ezi ntshukumo ngaxeshanye, ngokuzenzekelayo nangendlela echanileyo. Ewe, zonke ezi zinto zintsokothe kangaka ziyafuneka ukuze iintaka zikwazi ukubhabha, asizontsiba nje kuphela eziyimfuneko.

Kwakhona, ungalibali ukuba, ntaka nganye iqalisa iyiseli encinane equlethe yonke imiyalelo ephathelele ukukhula nokusebenza kwethuku ukuze ngenye imini iqalise ukubhabha. Ngaba konke oku kwenzeke ngamabona-ndenzile? Okanye ngaba eyona nkcazelo ilula—yokuba iintaka neentsiba zazo zadalwa nguMenzi wezinto okrelekrele yeyona isengqiqweni nevisisana nenzululwazi? Ubungqina bubonisa njalo.—Roma 1:20.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24]

“UBUNGQINA” BOBUXOKI

“Ubungqina” bezidalwa ezaziphila mandulo, obabubabazwa njengobungqina bokuba iintaka zavela kwezinye izidalwa, buye babhencwa ibubuxoki. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1999 kwiphephancwadi iNational Geographic kwaboniswa isidalwa esineentsiba esinomsila onjengowedinosaur. Eli phephancwadi lathi, esi sidalwa “siso ebesikade singaziwa esiphakathi kweedinosaurs neentaka.” Noko ke, kufumaniseke ukuba, esi sidalwa zange sibekho, ntonje kuye kwahlanganiswa amathambo ezilwanyana ezibini ezaziphila mandulo. Enyanisweni, asikafunyanwa esi “sidalwa besikade singaziwa.”

[Inkcazelo]

O. Louis Mazzatenta/National Geographic Image Collection

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 25]

INDLELA INTAKA EBONA NGAYO

Abantu bayamangaliswa kukubona ukuqaqamba nokumenyezela kweentsiba zentaka. Kodwa iintsiba zisenokubukeka nangakumbi kweziny’ iintaka. Zimbi zineendidi ezine zeeseli emehlweni nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukwahlukanisa imibala, ngoxa ebantwini zintathu kuphela. Esi sixhobo singakumbi senza intaka ikwazi ukubona imitha yelanga eyingozi, ephandlayo kwiliso lomntu. Abantu basenokubona ngathi imazi nenkunzi yentaka ziyafana, kanti iintsiba zenkunzi zahlukile kwezemazi xa uzijonge kwindawo ekhany’ ilanga. Kanti zona iintaka ziyawubona umahluko, nto leyo eluncedo xa zifun’ iqabane.

[Umzobo okwiphepha 23]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

Igwegwe

Igwegwana

Irachis

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24]

Iintsiba ezigudileyo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24]

IFiloplume

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 25]

Iintsiba ezifukufuku

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 25]

Iintsiba zangaphantsi

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24, 25]

Umkholonjane