Linjani Idlala Lakho Lengqula?
Linjani Idlala Lakho Lengqula?
NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EBRAZIL
USARA wayebuhlungu gqitha emva kokuphulukana nosana lwakhe kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwakhe. Emva konyaka, waphulukana nolunye usana. Nakuba waxilongwa ngoogqirha abaliqela abazange bawubone unobangela wale ngxaki. Nangona wayesitya ukutya okusempilweni yaye elolonga umzimba rhoqo, uSara waqalisa ukutyeba. Wayedla ngokuba nenkantsi emilenzeni yaye wayesoloko egodola. Emva kokuxilongwa igazi nedlala lengqula, kwafunyaniswa ukuba uSara unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiHashimoto’s thyroiditis, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yiloo nto eyayibangela ukuba aphunyelwe zizisu. a
Njengokuba kunjalo ngenkoliso yabantu, uSara akazange ayicinge into yokuba idlala lakhe lengqula alisebenzi kakuhle. Kodwa indlela awagula ngayo yenza kwabonakala ukubaluleka kweli dlala.
Idlala Lengqula
Idlala lengqula lidlala elincinane elisemqaleni elimile okwebhabhathane. Linamacala amabini athe nca kuqhoqhoqho, yaye eli dlala linobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-30 eegram. Liyinxalenye yamanye amadlala namalungu omzimba, ahambisa imichiza egazini.
Incindi yedlala lengqula ingaphakathi kwimingxunya emincinane enolwelo olunqumbululu. Kweli dlala kukho i-iodine eninzi. Enyanisweni, i-iodine emalunga nama-80 ekhulwini esemzimbeni ifumaneka kwidlala lengqula. Xa i-iodine incinane, umntu unokuba negoiter, isifo sokudumba kwedlala lengqula. Umntwana omncinane ongenaiodine, unokungakhuli kakuhle, adodobale ingqondo aze angafikisi ngexesha elifanelekileyo—isigulo esibizwa ngokuba yicretinism.
Ukusebenza Kwedlala Lengqula
Amadlala engqula abizwa ngokuba yi-T3, i-RT3 (Reverse T3), ne-T4. b I-T3 ne-RT3 zifumaneka kwi-T4, yaye yona ifumaneka kwizicwili zomzimba ezingekho kwidlala lengqula. Ngenxa yoko, xa kufuneka incindi yedlala lengqula engakumbi emzimbeni, eli dlala lifaka i-T4 egazini, emva koko i-T4 namanye amadlala atyhutyha zonke iiseli zomzimba.
Kanye njengokuba imoto ixhomekeke kumcephe ukuze ihambe kakuhle, inkqubo yokucola ukutya emzimbeni (metabolism) ixhomekeke kwidlala lengqula. Ngenxa yoko, idlala lengqula linceda ekuhlaziyeni izicwili zomzimba, ukubetha kakuhle kwentliziyo, ekuveliseni amandla nokugcina ubushushu bomzimba bukwiqondo elifanelekileyo.
Idlala lengqula lenza neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iitriglyceride neelow-density lipoprotein, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yicholesterol engafunekiyo, zininzi egazini, eli dlala libangela ukuba isibindi sizikhuphe. Icholesterol ingena enyongweni ize emva koko iphume nelindle. Kanti ke, xa incindi yedlala lengqula incinane inokubangela kubekho icholesterol engafunekiyo eninzi ize inciphise iihigh-density lipoprotein, okanye icholesterol eyimfuneko emzimbeni.
Amadlala engqula akhupha neencindi ezibangela ukucoleka kokutya esiswini size isisu sikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, incindi yedlala lengqula eninzi inokubangela ukuba umntu ahanjiswe sisisu yaye xa incinane kakhulu umntu unokuqhinwa.
Yintoni Ebangela Idlala Lengqula Lisebenze?
Inxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yihypothalamus yiyo ebangela ukuba idlala lengqula lisebenze. Xa ihypothalamus ifumanisa ukuba kufuneka incindi yedlala lengqula emzimbeni, ithumela umyalezo kwidlala elisebuchotsheni elibizwa ngokuba yipituitary. Emva koko, ipituitary gland, ikhupha incindi yedlala ebizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid-stimulating hormone (iTSH) ize ibangele ukuba idlala lengqula lisebenze.
Ngenxa yoko, xa oogqirha behlola iTSH nencindi yedlala lengqula egazini, bayakwazi ukubona xa kukho undonakele kweli dlala. Oku kubalulekile kuba umntu usenokuba nesifo esibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kweli dlala.
Xa Idlala Lengqula Lingasebenzi Kakuhle
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwedlala lengqula kunokubangelwa kukungabikho kweiodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni, ukuxinezeleka emzimbeni okanye engqondweni, isiphene kumzila wemfuza, izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane nezinye ezibangela ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ingasebenzi kakuhle, neengxaki ezibangelwa ngamayeza. c Ukudumba kwedlala lengqula kusenokubonisa ukuba umntu unesifo esithile. Eli dlala lisenokudumba lonke okanye libe namaqhuqhuva. Nangona ukudumba kweli dlala kungathethi ukuba umntu unesifo esibulalayo, kuyafuneka ukuba ahlolwe ngugqirha kuba ngamanye amaxesha kuye kuthi kanti unesifo esiyingozi njengomhlaza. d
Ngokuqhelekileyo, idlala lengqula elingasebenzi kakuhle likhupha incindi eninzi okanye encinane kakhulu. Xa likhupha incindi eninzi kuthiwa umntu unehyperthyroidism; kanti xa likhupha encinane kakhulu kuthiwa unehypothyroidism. Le ngxaki inokuqala kancinane yaye kusenokudlula iminyaka emininzi umntu engaziqondi ukuba uyagula. Njengazo zonke ezinye izifo, kuba bhetele xa ekhawuleze wafunyaniswa ukuba unesi sifo.
Ezona zifo ziqhelekileyo zedlala lengqula yiHashimoto’s thyroiditis neGraves’ disease. Zozibini ezi zifo zihlasela inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. IHashimoto’s thyroiditis ixhaphake kakhulu kumabhinqa kunamadoda yaye idla ngokubangela ihypothyroidism, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokucola ukutya emzimbeni nokuphelelwa ngamandla. NeGraves’ disease ixhaphake kakhulu kumabhinqa yaye yona idla ngokubangela ihyperthyroidism, ukukhawuleza kakhulu kwenkqubo yokucola ukutya emzimbeni, ukudumba kwedlala lengqula, ukubetha ngamandla kwentliziyo nehigh blood pressure.
Kukho ukubethabethana kwezimvo ngokuphathelele indlela umntu afanele axilongwe ngayo, kodwa eyona ndlela igqalwa njengebalulekileyo kukuxilongwa kweemveku. (Funda ibhokisi ethi, “Ukuxilongwa Okubalulekileyo Kwiimveku.”) Xa kufumaniseka ukuba idlala lengqula alisebenzi kakuhle kudla ngokuhlolwa igazi, ukuze kubonwe unobangela wengxaki. Ukanti xa kufumaniseka ukuba idlala lengqula likhupha incindi eninzi, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ithyroid scan, xa ibhinqa elo lingakhulelwanga okanye lingancancisi. Ukuba iscan sibonisa ukuba kukho amaqhuqhuva, umntu uhlatywa ngenaliti (biopsy) ukuze kubonwe ukuba akanamhlaza kusini na.
Xa Kufuneka Umntu Anyangwe
Kukho amayeza anokusetyenziswa ukuze kuthomalaliswe ihyperthyroidism, ukubetha kakhulu kwentliziyo, ukungcangcazela komzimba nokuba phakuphaku. Kanti ngamanye amaxesha idlala lengqula liye lincitshiswe ukuze likhuphe incindi encinane. Yaye maxa wambi kuye kufuneke ukuba idlala lengqula lisuswe ngokupheleleyo.
Oogqirha badla ngokunika izigulana ezinehypothyroidism okanye ezisuswe idlala lengqula iipilisi ezifanele ziselwe mihla le, ezine-T4. Ukuze oogqirha baqiniseke ukuba izigulana zifumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, bazihlola rhoqo. Umhlaza wedlala lengqula unyangwa ngeendlela ezininzi, ngamayeza, ngotyando, ngechemotherapy, neradioactive iodine.
USara usela iipilisi ezine-T4 yaye ingcali ecebisa ngendlela efanelekileyo yokutya iye yamcebisa ngokutya afanele akutye. Ngenxa yoko, uchacha kakuhle. Njengoko noSara eye wakuqonda oku, nakuba idlala lengqula lilincinane, libaluleke ngeyona ndlela. Ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ulinyamekele—utye ukutya okusempilweni okuneiodine eyaneleyo, uphephe ukukhathazeka ngokugqithiseleyo uze uzame kangangoko ukuzigcina usempilweni.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Nangona ibhinqa elinedlala lengqula elingasebenzi kakuhle lisenokuba nengxaki xa likhulelwe, amabhinqa amaninzi anesi sifo azala abantwana abasempilweni. Sekunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ibhinqa elikhulelweyo elinale ngxaki linyangwe, kuba usana olungekazalwa luyifumana kunina incindi yeli dlala.
b I-T3 yi-triiodothyronine yaye i-T4, yithyroxine. La manani, u-3 no-4 abhekisela kwinani lamasuntswana e-iodine akwelo dlala. Idlala lengqula livelisa necalcitonin, idlala elibangela ukuba icalcium ilungelelane egazini.
c UVukani! akabalaselisi uhlobo oluthile lonyango. Ukuba urhanela ukuba idlala lakho lengqula linengxaki, yiya kugqirha onamava okunyanga esi sifo.
d Umntu owakha wanyangwa ngeradiotherapy entloko nasentanyeni okanye owakha wanomhlaza okanye onezalamane ezinomhlaza wedlala lengqula, usesichengeni sokuba nomhlaza.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 27]
Kanye njengokuba imoto ixhomekeke kumcephe ukuze ihambe kakuhle, inkqubo yokucola ukutya emzimbeni (metabolism) ixhomekeke kwidlala lengqula
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 29]
Le ngxaki inokuqala kancinane yaye kusenokudlula iminyaka emininzi umntu engaziqondi ukuba uyagula
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 28]
IIMPAWU EZIQHELEKILEYO
Ihyperthyroidism: Ukucaphuka msinya, ukuncipha kakhulu komzimba, ukubetha ngamandla kwentliziyo, ukukhululeka kwesisu, ukuya exesheni manqaphanqapha, ukudikwa msinya, ukuphakuzela, ukuthanda ukuqumba, ukuba namehlo aphumele ngaphandle, ukungabi namandla, ukungabi nabuthongo, ukubhitya, nokuba neenwele ezisiphukayo. e
Ihypothyroidism: Ukudinwa emzimbeni nasengqondweni, ukuncipha kakhulu komzimba, ukuwelwa ziinwele, ukuqhinwa, ukugodola ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuya exesheni manqaphanqapha, ukutshintsha kwelizwi (ukuba sisitshotho), ukulibala nokudinwa.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
e Ezinye zezi ngxaki zinokubangelwa nazezinye izinto, ngoko ukuba akuziva mnandi yiya kwagqirha.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 28]
UKUXILONGWA OKUBALULEKILEYO KWIIMVEKU
Igazi elitsalwe kwimveku linokubonisa enoba inengxaki kwidlala lengqula kusini na. Ukuba inengxaki oogqirha banokuqalisa ukuyinyanga. Ukuba ayinayo incindi yedlala eyaneleyo, inokungakhuli kakuhle ize idodobale ingqondo, isifo esibizwa ngokuba yicretinism. Ngenxa yoko, iintsana zidla ngokuxilongwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa zigqitywa kuzalwa.
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 29]
NGABA UTYA UKUTYA OKUSEMPILWENI?
Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunokuba luncedo ekuthinteleni iingxaki zedlala lengqula. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba ukutya okutyayo kuneiodine eyaneleyo, eluncedo ekuveliseni incindi yedlala lengqula? I-iodine ifumaneka kakhulu kwiintlanzi ezilotywe kumanzi amtyuba. Ubungakanani beiodine ekwiziqhamo nasenyameni buxhomekeke kwindawo ezivela kuyo. Abanye oorhulumente bagunyazisa ukuba kufakwe i-iodine etyuweni, kuba maxa wambi i-iodine esekutyeni iba ncinane.
Enye into eluncedo kwidlala lengqula yiselenium. lselenium yenye yemichiza eluncedo ekuguquleni i-T4 ibe yi-T3. Kwakhona, ubungakanani beselenium ekwiziqhamo, enyameni nasebisini buxhomekeke kwindawo ezivela kuyo. Iselenium unokuyifumana ekutyeni okufumaneka elwandle nakwiiBrazil nuts. Noko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba idlala lakho lengqula linengxaki, yiya kwagqirha, ungazami ukuzinyanga ngokwakho.
[Umzobo okwiphepha 28]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
Uqhoqhoqho
Ingqula
Idlala lengqula
Uqhoqhoqho