Unyaka ‘Kwilizwe Lesithembiso’

NGOWE-1908, kwisiza esithile sesixeko saseGezere ethetha ngaso iBhayibhile, nesikwithafa lonxweme olukwintshona yeYerusalem kwafunyanwa into eyayibangela umdla: icwecwana lelitye lekalika, ekukholelwa ukuba lelenkulungwane yeshumi ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Lalinombhalo wamandulo wesiHebhere ekucingelwa ukuba wawuyikhalenda ehlaziyiweyo yamaxesha okulima nezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazilinywa ngoko. Olu cwecwe kuthiwa yiKhalenda yaseGezere.

Kulo kukho itywina elithi: Abhiya. Nakuba bengavumelani bonke abembi bezinto zakudala, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le khalenda ngumbongo owabhalwa ngumntwana wesikolo. * Ngaba akungethandi ukuba lo mbongo ukuncede ubone ukuba ayenjani amaxesha onyaka kwiLizwe Lesithembiso ngoko? Ukuwufunda kuya kukunceda ukhumbule iziganeko ezithile ezichazwe eBhayibhileni.

Iinyanga Ezimbini Zokuvuna

Umbhali wale khalenda yamandulo uqale athethe ngokuvuna. Nakuba ethetha ngako ekuqaleni kwale khalenda, siyaqondakala isizathu sokuba amaSirayeli ajonge ixesha lokuvuna njengento yokugqibela eyenziwa emasimini. Inyanga uEthanim (kamva ekwathiwa nguTishri) ingqamana noSeptemba/Oktobha kwikhalenda yethu. Ekubeni umsebenzi omkhulu wokuvuna wawusele ugqityiwe, eli yayiba lixesha lemigcobo elalithetha ulonwabo nakuAbhiya oselula. Yibone indlela aba nemincili ngayo njengoko encedisa uyise besakha umnquba abaza kuhlala kuwo iveki yonke bevuya bebulela uYehova ngesivuno abaphe sona!—Duteronomi 16:13-15.

Mayela neli xesha, intsapho yakuloAbhiya yayiba sele ikulungele ukuvuna iminquma,  oko yayikwenza ngokubhula amasebe emithi, umsebenzi owawunokuba nzima kuAbhiya oselula nakuba kwakunokuba mnandi ukuwubukela. (Duteronomi 24:20) Emva koko intsapho yakowabo yayiqokelela loo minquma iphantsi iyise kwisixovulelo seoli. Maxa wambi intsapho yayizenzela ioli ngendlela elula—iqokelele ezo ngqakumba zomnquma zivuza ioli izifake emanzini ize ke yongule leyo idada ngaphezulu. Enoba yayifunyanwa njani na, le oli ixabisekileyo yayisetyenziswa nakwezinye izinto. Kwakukhanyiswa ngayo izibane kunyangwe ukugruzuka namanxeba, njengalawo ayenokufunyanwa yinkwenkwana uAbhiya xa idlala.

Iinyanga Ezimbini Zokuhlwayela

Kumele ukuba kwakumnandi gqitha kuAbhiya ukuzipholisa edlala emvuleni. Uyise usenokuba wamchazela ngokubaluleka kwemvula. (Duteronomi 11:14) Emva kwexesha elide umhlaba ugqatswa lilanga yaye womile, imvula yayifika iwuthambise ukuze ulungele ukulinywa. Abantu bakudala babelima ngekhuba elenziwe ngomthi nesikali sesinyithi, lize litsalwe sisilwanyana. Injongo yayikukwenza imiqolo ethe tye. Umhlaba wawubaluleke gqitha kumaSirayeli kangangokuba ayelima kuyo yonke indawo enomhlaba, nkqu nasemathambekeni. Noko ke, kwakufuneka asebenzise igaba ukuze alime emathambekeni.

Wakuba umhlaba uthambile, ayehlwayela ingqolowa nerhasi. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, emva kokuchaza oku iKhalenda yaseGezere ithetha ngeenyanga ezimbini zolo hlobo lokuhlwayela. Umhlwayeli  wayephatha imbewu aze ayihlwayele ngesandla.

Iinyanga Ezimbini Zokuhlwayela Izityalo Zokugqibela

Eli ‘lizwe lihle’ zange khe lisilele kwisivuno esihle. (Duteronomi 3:25) NgoDisemba, imvula zazisina gqitha kutsho kube luhlaza. Eli yayilixesha lokutyala iimbotyi, iiertyisi neminye imifuno. (Amosi 7:1, 2) Kweli cwecwe, uAbhiya ubiza eli xesha ngokuthi “lidlelo lasentwasahlobo” okanye ngokwenye inguqulelo, “lixesha lokutyala izityalo zokugqibela,” apho ukutya okumnandi kudlala abantwana.

Njengoko kuqalisa ukufudumala, umthi wom-amangile uyadubula utsho ngeentyatyambo ezimhlophe nezipinki, nto leyo ithetha ukuthwasa kwehlobo. Oku kunokuqala nanini na ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari.—Yeremiya 1:11, 12.

Inyanga Yokuvuna Iflakisi

Ngoku uAbhiya uthetha ngeflakisi. Mhlawumbi oku kukukhumbuza into eyenzeka kummandla osempuma weenduli zakwaYuda kwiinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuka-Abhiya. Kwisixeko saseYeriko, uRahabhi wafihla iintlola ezimbini “phakathi kweendiza zeflakisi” ezazibekwe ukuze zome eluphahleni lwendlu. (Yoshuwa 2:6) Iflakisi yayibaluleke gqitha kumaSirayeli. Ukuze kufunyanwe imicu yayo, kwakumele kulindwe iindiza zayo ziqale zibole. Zazibola kade xa ziwelwa ngumbethe kodwa zikhawuleze xa zifakwe emanzini. Emva kokuba icalulwe le micu kwakusenziwa ngayo ilinen, ekwakusenziwa ngayo iiseyile, iintente nempahla. Kwakusenziwa nemitya yezibane ngayo.

Bambi abavumelani nento yokuba iflakisi yayilinywa kummandla waseGezare, kuba amanzi ayebunqaba apho. Bambi bathi yayilinywa kuphela xa unyaka sele ubukekela. Ngenxa yoko abanye bekholelwa ukuba “iflakisi” ekuthethwa ngayo kule khalenda yingca yokondla imfuyo.

Inyanga Yokuvunwa Kwerhasi

Nyaka ngamnye, emva kokuvunwa kweflakisi, uAbhiya wayebukela izikhwebu zerhasi, isivuno alandelisa ngaso kule khalenda. Inyanga okwenzeka ngayo oku kwikhalenda yesiHebhere nguAbhibhi, igama elithetha “Izikhwebu Eziluhlaza,” ekusenokwenzeka ukuba libhekisela ekuvuthweni kwazo nakuba zingekomi. UYehova wathi: “Yigcine inyanga enguAbhibhi, ubhiyozele ipasika kuYehova.” (Duteronomi 16:1) Namhlanje inyanga uAbhibhi (kamva eyabizwa ngokuba nguNisan) ingqamana noMatshi noAprili. Kumele ukuba lixesha lokuvuthwa kwerhasi elanceda kuqondwe ukuqala  kwale nyanga. Nanamhlanje, amaYuda angamaKaraite asabhiyozela ukuvuthwa kwerhasi njengexesha lokuqala konyaka omtsha kuwo. Intlahlela yesivuno serhasi yayimele itshangatshangiswe phambi koYehova ngosuku lwe-16 kwinyanga enguAbhibhi.—Levitikus 23:10, 11.

Irhasi yayibaluleke gqitha kwinkoliso yamaSirayeli. Ekubeni ixabiso layo lalingaphantsi kwelengqolowa, abantu babedla ngokusebenzisa yona ukwenza isonka, ngakumbi amahlwempu.—Hezekile 4:12.

Inyanga Yokuvuna Neyokulinganisa

Xa ucinga ngexesha lika-Abhiya, unokuba nombono wakhe evuka ngenye intsasa ebona ilifu elikhulu lichithachitheka—ize imvula imke kangangexesha elithile. Ngeli xesha izityalo zelizwe elihle zazixhomekeka embetheni. (Genesis 27:28; Zekariya 8:12) Abalimi bakwaSirayeli babeyiqonda kakuhle into yokuba izilimo ezininzi ezivunwe ehlotyeni zazimele zibethwe ngumoya kancinane de kufike iPentekoste. Imimoya ebandayo nefumileyo evela emantla yayinokuba luncedo ekukhuleni kokutya okuziinkozo, kodwa iyonakalisa imithi yeziqhamo xa sele idubule. Yona imimoya eshushu enolophu evela emazantsi yayinceda loo mithi ityatyambe.—IMizekeliso 25:23; INgoma yazo iiNgoma 4:16.

UYehova, eyona Ngcali yoku, wayilungelelanisa kakuhle indlela esebenza ngayo indalo. Ngomhla ka-Abhiya, elo lakwaSirayeli ‘yayililizwe lengqolowa nerhasi neediliya namakhiwane neerharnati, ilizwe leoli yeminquma nobusi.’ (Duteronomi 8:8) UAbhiya usenokuba wabaliselwa nguyisemkhulu ngendyebo eyayikwelo xa kwakulawula uKumkani uSolomon—ubungqina bokusikelelwa nguYehova.—1 Kumkani 4:20.

Emva kokuchaza isivuno, kule khalenda kuvela igama abanye abacinga ukuba lithetha “ukulinganisa.” Oku kusenokubhekisela ekulinganiseni isivuno njengoko sisahlulelwa abanini-ntsimi nabasebenzi babo kuquka neso baza kuhlawula ngaso irhafu. Noko ke, abanye abaphengululi bathi eli gama lesiHebhere lithetha “umsitho” ibe bacinga ukuba libhekisela kuMthendeleko Weeveki, oba kwinyanga kaSivan (Meyi/Juni).—Eksodus 34:22.

Iinyanga Ezimbini Zokuthena Amagqabi

Ngoku uAbhiya ubhala ngeenyanga ezimbini zokunyamekela izidiliya. Akanakuba bethu wayekhe ancedise ekutheneni amagqabi eediliya ukuze zifumane ilanga? (Isaya 18:5) Emva koko kwakulandela ixesha lokuvuna iidiliya, elalimnandi gqitha ebantwaneni ngezo mini. Kaloku akukho nto imnandi njengeediliya ezintsha! UAbhiya usenokuba wayevile ngeentlola ezili-12 ezathunyelwa nguMoses kwiLizwe  Lesithembiso. Zaya kanye ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweediliya zifuna ukubona ubuhle belo lizwe. Ngelo xesha, isihlahla esinye seediliya sasisikhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka sithwalwe ngamadoda amabini.—Numeri 13:20, 23.

Inyanga Yeziqhamo Zasehlotyeni

Into yokugqibela abhala ngayo uAbhiya kule khalenda yakhe ziziqhamo zasehlotyeni. KuMbindi Mpuma mandulo, ihlobo yayilixesha leziqhamo. Emva kokufa kuka-Abhiya, uYehova wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi “ingobozi eneziqhamo zasehlotyeni” ukuzekelisa ‘ukufika kwesiphelo sabantu bakhe amaSirayeli,’ edlala ngala magama esiHebhere ‘iziqhamo zasehlotyeni,’ ‘nesiphelo.’ (Amosi 8:2) Oku kwakumele kukhumbuze amaSirayeli angathembekanga ukuba isiphelo sawo sasifikile ibe uYehova wayeza kuwagweba. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba amakhiwane ayephakathi kwezo ziqhamo zasehlotyeni wayethetha ngazo uAbhiya. Amakhiwane asehlotyeni kwakusenziwa ngawo amaqebengwane okanye kunyangwe ngawo amathumba.—2 Kumkani 20:7.

Ikhalenda YaseGezere Nawe

Kuyabonakala ukuba lo mntwana uAbhiya wayeqhelene nobomi bokulima basemaphandleni. AmaSirayeli ayeqhelene gqitha nokulima ngelo xesha. Kwanokuba wena awazi nto kangako ngokulima, izinto ekuthethwa ngazo kule khalenda yaseGezere zinokukunceda gqitha xa ufunda iBhayibhile, utsho uyiqonde ngakumbi yaye ibe nentsingiselo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 11]

INDLELA ENOKUCHAZWA NGAYO IKHALENDA YASEGEZERE:

“Iinyanga zokuvunwa kweediliya neminquma; iinyanga zokuhlwayela;

iinyanga zamadlelo entwasahlobo;

inyanga yokwenza imicu yeflakisi;

inyanga yokuvunwa kwerhasi;

inyanga yokuvunwa kwengqolowa nokulinganisa;

iinyanga zokuthena;

inyanga yeziqhamo zasehlotyeni.”

[itywina elithi:] Abhiya *

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Inkcazelo]

Archaeological Museum of Istanbul

[Isicangca/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 9]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

NISAN (ABIB)

Matshi—Aprili

IYYAR (ZIV)

Aprili—Meyi

SIVAN

Meyi—Juni

TAMMUZ

Juni—Julayi

AB

Julayi—Agasti

ELUL

Agasti—Septemba

TISHRI (ETHANIM)

Septemba—Oktobha

HESHVAN (BUL)

Oktobha—Novemba

CHISLEV

Novemba—Disemba

TEBETH

Disemba—Januwari

SHEBAT

Januwari—Februwari

ADAR

Februwari—Matshi

VEADAR

Matshi

[Inkcazelo]

Farmer: Garo Nalbandian

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

Amabhodlo aseGezere

[Inkcazelo]

© 2003 BiblePlaces.com

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]

Umthi wom-amangile

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 10]

Isityalo seflakisi

[Inkcazelo]

Dr. David Darom

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 10]

Irhasi

[Inkcazelo]

U.S. Department of Agriculture