Akory volan̈iny siantifiky maro? Izikoa zen̈y fôsily aby io zahan̈a, tsy ino zen̈y fa ambiny raha maniry ndreky taolan̈any biby taloha tan̈y, hita fa kaiky araiky fo zen̈y razambeny raha manampahin̈ana jiaby. ADN io koa, ho iro, man̈aporofo zen̈y fotony mitovitovy fo ADN an̈atiny raha manampahin̈ana jiaby.

Akory volan̈iny Baiboly? Genesisy mivolan̈a fa nataony Zan̈ahary “isankarazany” raha maniry, biby andranomasin̈y ndreky antanety, baka io voron̈o. (Genesisy 1:12, 20-25) Dikanizen̈y isankarazany biby ndreky raha maniry aby io, kanefa ndray zen̈y, mbala misy raha fo mety tsy mampitovy lan̈iany karazan̈a araiky. Fa tsy zen̈y fo. Misy biby tsy mitovy karazan̈a foeky koa sady tsy afaka mifanambady. Tantara amy Baiboly ao koa man̈aboaka fa raha manampahin̈ana io tsy raha nivoatra tsihelihely zen̈y, fa izio nisy tampoko sady efa nanan̈a vatan̈a feno.

Ino ten̈a izy? Volan̈a Baiboly sa hevitriny Darwin? Ino raha aboakany fikarohan̈a natao tan̈atiny 150 taon̈o?

Vo tsy ela, siantifiky aby io nampitaha ADN tan̈aty biby maromaro, raha maniry, ndreky niny raha manampahin̈ana manan̈a selily araiky fo. Tiandro aboaka baka fa marin̈y fampianaran̈any Darwin. Kanefa tsy zen̈y aby raha niboaka.

Ino raha hitandro tamy fikarohan̈a nataondro? Karaha ty nivolan̈iny Malcolm Gordon, pikaroko momba raha manampahin̈ana, taminy 1999: “Tsy araiky razambeny raha manampahin̈ana jiaby, fa kaiky izio samy hafa.” Karaha ty nanohizany izy: ‘Karaha tsy marin̈y aby fampianaran̈a taloha in̈y, fa baka tamy razambe araiky fo naviany raha manampahin̈ana jiaby. Tsy araiky fo koa kaiky razambeny biby tariky araiky.’²⁹ *

Hita tamy fikarohan̈a natao vo tsy ela koa fa diso fampianaran̈any Darwin. Karaha ty ohatra, raha nivolan̈iny Eric Bapteste siantifiky mino evolision, tan̈aty gazety Pahay Siansy Vaovao (angiley) taminy 2009: “Tsisy porofo mankamarin̈y fa baka tamy razambe araiky fo naviany raha manampahin̈ana jiaby.”³⁰ Karaha ty koa nivolan̈iny Michael Rose, pikaroko mino evolision, tan̈atiny gazety io tao: ‘Haintsika jiaby fa fampianaran̈y Darwin in̈y tsisy porofo foeky, ke ialantsika. Kanefa atsika mbala tsy man̈eky foeky fa fampianaran̈a momba evolision in̈y mba mila ivoan̈a koa.’³¹ *

Misy siantifiky maro mivolan̈a fa izikoa zahavan̈a fôsily aby io, araiky fo zen̈y razambe naviany raha manampahin̈ana jiaby. Hita baka amindro io zen̈y, fa baka tamy laoko naviany radaka, baka io baka tamy biby mandady naviany biby mampinono. Kanefa ino raha ten̈a aboakany fôsily aby io?

Karaha ty nivolan̈iny David Raup, manampahizan̈a momba fôsily: “Na pikaroko aminy andra izioty, na iro taminy andrany Darwin, samy tsy nahita porofo foeky fa raha manampahin̈ana io nivoatra tsihelihely. Mifanohitry amy zen̈y aby raha hitandro. Hitandro fa kaiky karazan̈a biby io nisy tampoko baka io zara izikoa niova na tsy niova foeky. Maro amindro io aby lany taranaka.”³²

Baka taminy ankamarozany fôsily aby io nahitan̈a fa tan̈atiny fotoan̈a ela be, biby aby io tsy niova. Iro tsy niova tsihelihely hanjary karazany biby hafa. Iro io izikoa fa nisy, efa samy nanan̈a vatan̈a mampiavaka izy. Hafa tanteraka koa biby nisy tafara tatỳ. Ohatra amy zen̈y, kananavy. Izio biby mahay mampiasa feo fo hahaizany raha man̈odidin̈y izy ndreky lalan̈anany. Mbala tsendriky voaporofo fa taloha tan̈y nisy biby nitovitovy taminany io, ke zen̈y razambenany.

Mety ankamarozany karazany biby aby izy niboaka tan̈atiny fotoan̈a fohiky hely io. Vanimpotoan̈a Cambrien ikahiany manampahizan̈a aby io fotoan̈a io. Taminy ombian̈a ma raha zen̈y?

Atsika hangala ohatra, halavasany fotoan̈a efa nisiany tany ty, ataontsika mitovy halavasany stady fisoman̈a laboly (1). Kadiriny 120 metara halavasany stady io. Aia amizio misy Vanimpotoan̈a Cambrien io? Amy faha-105 metara iô. Tan̈atiny vanimpotoan̈a io nisy tampoko ankamarozany karazany biby jiaby. Fotoan̈a fohiky fo izio. Baka izio hazava tsara aminao, iritrireta anao mandeha vity baka aminy ilany araiky amy stady io, ke navy amy Vanimpotoan̈a Cambrien iô (2). Anao vo mampanonga vitinao araiky fo, efa nisy edy biby isankarazany!

Fampianaran̈any Darwin in̈y nahavy pikaroko sasany mino evolision nanjary nisalasala. Ohatra, tamy 2008, Stuart Newman nivolan̈a fa mila havaozin̈y fampianaran̈a momba evolision, fotony hita fa kaiky nisy biby niboaka tampoko zen̈y, ke mila hazavain̈a antony. Avio koa izy nivolan̈a: “Taloha, fampianaran̈any Darwin fo ampiasain̈y han̈aporofoan̈a fa misy ankitin̈y evolision io, na fiovoan̈a maventy misy amy raha manampahin̈ana araiky ke nahavy izy hanjary raha manampahin̈ana hafa. Kanefa zaho mino fa tsy ho ela efa tsy hijirenolo eky izio, mitovy amy fampianaran̈a hafa nan̈aporofoan̈a evolision.”³³

Fa karakory ndraiky momba fôsily aby nan̈aporofoan̈a fa baka tamy laoko naviany biby mitovy amy radaka in̈y, ndreky biby mandady nanjary biby mampinono? Iro io ma ten̈a man̈aporofo ankitin̈y fa ten̈a misy evolision io? Ehe. Fotony misy raha maro mampisalasala.

Voanalohany, ataondro siantifiky aby io sarisary mitovy zen̈y habezany sariny fôsily aby alaindro an̈aty boky io, baka han̈aporofoandro fa biby mandady fo nanjary biby mampinono io. Kanefa sasany amindro io aby maventy be, fa sasany ndraiky hely.

Faharoe, tsy avoaporofo fa misy raha ifandraisany biby aby io. Efa antapitrisany taon̈o baka nisiany sasany zay vo nisy koa sasany, araka volan̈any siantifiky. Karaha ty volan̈iny Henry Gee, manampahizan̈a momba biby: “Nifankalavitry be fotoan̈a niain̈andro biby aby io, ke tsy hita amy fôsilindro ino raha ifandraisandro, azovy razambenjovy baka io azovy taranakanjovy.”³⁴ *

Karaha ty nivolan̈iny Malcolm Gordon momba fôsiliny laoko ndreky biby tariky araiky amy radaka: ‘Maro ankitin̈y karazan̈a biby nisy taloha tan̈y, kanefa vitsy fo fôsily anan̈antsika. Ke tsisy fomba hahaizantsika asa iro io niova hely sa niova be, sa tsy niova foeky. Sady tsy hay koa ino iran̈andro io.’³⁵ *

Tamy 2004, gazety Vaovao Momba Tany (angiley) nivolan̈a fa fôsily io karaha “filma indesin̈y han̈aporofoan̈a evolision.” Kanefa tapany hely amy filma io fo manohan̈a fampianaran̈a momba evolision.³⁶

Taloha, sary amy pelikily nan̈anaovan̈a filma. Iritrireta ty. Misy sary 100 000 nampiasain̈y han̈anaovan̈a filma araiky. Fa baka tio nisy olo araiky tihahay raha an̈aty filma io, kanefa sary 100 fo nisy tan̈aty pelikily io tao. Ndray izy mbala tsy nizaha iro fo, izy efa naminavina karakarakory filma io. Izikoa izy fa nizaha sary aby io, dimy tamindro io fo nankamarin̈y eritreritrinany. Kanefa hita tamy sary 95 tamindro io fa hafa foeky filma io. Ke mety fo ma izikoa izy mbala mivolan̈a fa marin̈y hevitrinany, ndray dimy tamy sary aby io fo mitovy taminy eritreritrinany? Tsao izio nalahatrany arakany nitiavany izy fo, amy zen̈y mifan̈araka aminy eritreritrinany? Tsy sitrany izy man̈eky fa tsy mitovy aminy eritreritrinany filma io, arakany hitany tamindro sary 95 aby io?

Iro siantifiky aby io mitovy aminolo araiky mila man̈izingizin̈y hevitrinany io. Karaha olo io tsy nahita izikoa tsy sary 100 tamindro sary 100 000 aby in̈y, karaha in̈y koa iro siantifiky aby io. Fôsily vitsivitsy fo hitandro. Kanefa ankamarozandro io mbala man̈aporofo koa fa zara izikoa biby isankarazany aby io niova. Ke nan̈ino ma pikaroko aby io tsy mety man̈eky zen̈y? Karaha ty nivolan̈iny Richard Morris, panoratra: “Siantifiky aby io efa nino fo fa raha manampahin̈ana io nivoatra tsihelihely. Iro tsy tihiova hevitry foeky, ndray efa hitandro fa tsy marin̈y raha zen̈y. Ankamarozandro mino zen̈y, ke isaka iro man̈azava momba fôsily, tsy maintsy ataondro mifandray aminy evolision fo izio.”³⁷

Tsy tihiova hevitry iro mino evolision aby io, ndray efa hita tamy fikarohan̈a momba ADN ndreky fôsily fa biby tsy nivoatra tsihelihely aby. Mbala alahatrandro arakany itiavandro izy fo iro fôsily aby io. Tsao mba marin̈y fo volan̈a fa iro io tsy tihiala amy fampianaran̈a arahiny ankamarozany siantifiky? *

Akory hevitrinao? Aia ny marin̈y izikoa porofo aby io zahavan̈a: Hevitriny Baiboly sa hevitriny Darwin? Diniha raha efa nikoran̈intsika ty:

• Selily io tsy “tsotra” foeky.

• Sarotro mino fa navinavy hoazy tio fo raha jiaby an̈atiny selily io.

• ADN io raha maro garamidany, sady miankin̈y amizio asany selily. Tsisy dikany foeky programony ordinatera ndreky fitaovan̈a hafa natao han̈akajianan̈a fan̈azavan̈a, izikoa hampiran̈iny aminazy.

• Izikoa fikarohan̈a momba ADN zahavan̈a, hita fa kaiky tsy araiky fo razambeny raha manampahin̈ana jiaby. Izikoa fôsily aby io dinihin̈y, nisy tampoko kaiky ankamarozany karazany biby aby io.

Akory hevitrinao izikoa fa baka nandiniky porofo aby io? Tsy hitanao fa marin̈y raha koran̈iny Baiboly fa raha manampahin̈ana io nisy namoron̈o? Kanefa maro olo mivolan̈a fa ankamarozany raha koran̈iny Baiboly momba famoron̈ana io mifanohitry amy siansy. Mba marin̈y edy zen̈y? Ino raha ten̈a koran̈iny Baiboly?